COURSE 7

Lost and Alone

Introduction 1 How much do you enjoy the company of other people? Could you survive alone on a desert island for a lon period of time? How mi ht such an e!perience affect you? " #hich of these words relate to loneliness and isolation? #hat do the other words mean? $oo% them up in a dictionary if you are not sure& solitary conceited re arious Reading1 1 Read the openin para raph of the te!t a'out (aspar Hauser& )o you %now anythin a'out his life story? On *onday "+ *ay 1,",- the Unschlitt S.uare in /urem'er was almost deserted& 0t a'out five in the afternoon- a weary1loo%in youth dra ed himself into the s.uare& He was well1'uilt 'ut poorly dressed- and wal%ed in a curious stiff1lim'ed manner& He held an envelope in his hand&
This sentence refers back to the envelope that was mentioned in the first paragraph.

remote cele'rity eccentric

a'andoned deserted intimate

e!ile weary reclusive

2t contained two letters& 3he first 'e an4 52 send you a lad who wishes to serve his %in in the army& He was 'rou ht to me on Octo'er 7- 1,1"& 2 am 'ut a poor la'ourer with children of my own to rear& His mother as%ed me to 'rin up the 'oy& Since then- 2 have never let him o out of the house4 3he other stated that he was 'orn on 0pril 67 1,1" and that his name was (aspar& His father had 'een a cavalry soldier and was now dead& In the sequence of events, taking Kaspar Hauser to the police station is logical. The reference to 'the bo ' means that this event could not happen later in the stor . 3a%en to the police station- the 'oy accepted a pencil and wrote 5(aspar Hauser5& 8ut to other .uestions he answered 5#eiss nicht5 1 2 don5t %now& 3he 'oy was loc%ed in a cell- and his aoler o'served that he seemed perfectly contented to sit there for hours without movin & He had no sense of time- and seemed to %now nothin a'out hours and minutes& 2t soon 'ecame clear that he had a very small voca'ulary&
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3ricia 0spinall- 0nette Capel- !dvanced "asterclasss #!$ %orkbook- O!ford University 9ress- "77+- p& :"1:6

; The ne&t paragraph will probabl

refer in some wa to Kaspar Hauser's vocabular .

/ow find the correct para raph to follow on- choosin from 01< =ou should only need to scan the par raphs- loo%in for references to (aspar5s voca'ulary& A 2t seems that all this attention and ood livin was> not ood for (aspar5s character? predicta'ly- he 'ecame vain- difficult and conceited& 8ac% 2n /urem'er - his new uardian arran ed for him to stay in the town of 0ns'ach- with a friend- )r *eyer& (aspar was to 'e uarded 'y a certain Captain Hic%el- a security officer& <eelin he had done his duty- Stanhope disappeared 'ac% to En land& B <or as lon as (aspar could remem'er he had lived in a small room and its windows were 'oarded up& 3here was no 'ed- only a 'undle of straw on the 'are earth& 3he ceilin was so low that he could not stand upri ht& He saw no one& #hen he wo%e up he would find 'read and water in his cell& Sometimes his water had a 'itter taste- and he would o into a deep sleep? when he wo%e his straw would have 'een chan ed and his hair and nails cut& 3he only toys were three wooden horses& One day a man had entered his room and tau ht him to write his name and to repeat phrases li%e 52 want to 'e a soldier5 and 52 don5t %now5& Shortly after this- he wo%e up to find himself in the 'a y arments in which he had 'een found- and the man came and led him into the open air& He was a'andoned somewhere near the ates of /urem'er & C 3hen- only a few days 'efore Christmas- (aspar sta ered into the house aspin 4 5*an sta''ed me &&& %nife &&& Hof arten &&& ave purse &&& 5 0 hastily summoned doctor discovered that (aspar had 'een sta''ed in the side- just 'elow the ri's& Hic%el rushed to the par% where (aspar had 'een wal%in and found a sil% purse containin a note- written in mirror1writin & 2t said4 5(aspar will 'e a'le to tell you how 1 loo%- from where 1 came and who 1 am&5 8ut (aspar could tell them nothin a'out the man5s identity& Hic%el also revealed a fact that threw dou't on the story4 there had only 'een one set of footprints (aspar5s 1 in the snow& 8ut when- on 17 )ecem'er- (aspar slipped into a coma his last words were4 52 didn5t do it myself5& D *ost people too% the view that his life was in dan er& He was moved to a new address- and two policemen were appointeed to loo% after him& <or the ne!t two years (aspar vanished from the pu'lic eye& 8ut not from the pu'lic mind& /ow- the novelty had worn off- there were many in /urem'er who "

o'jected to supportin (aspar on the rates& 3hen a solution was proposed that satisfied everyone& 0 wealthy and eccentric En lishman? $ord Stanhope- too% him off on a tour of Europe& (aspar was a ain the o'ject of endless interest& E He could say that he wanted to 'ecome a cavalryman li%e father 1 a phrase he had o'viously 'een tau ht li%e a parrot& 3o every animal he applied the word 5horse5 and he seemed to 'e fascinated 'y horses& He did not even seem to %now the difference 'etween men and women- referrin to 'oth as 5'oys5& His %nowled e of words increased from day to day- and as he learned to spea% he was radually a'le to tell somethin of his own story&

F Suddenly (aspar was famous? his case was discussed all over @ermany& 3he town council decided to ta%e (aspar under their protection? he would 'e fed and clothed at their e!pense& 3he town council also appointed a uardian for its cele'rity- a scientist named )aumer& Under his care- (aspar finally developed into a youn man of normal intelli ence& $i%e any teena er- he enjoyed 'ein the centre of attention& 3hen- a mere seventeen months after he had 'een 5found5- someone tried to %ill him& He was found $yin on the floor of the cellar of )aumer5s house- 'leedin from a head1wound- with his shirt torn to the waist& $ater he descri'ed 'ein attac%ed 'y a man wearin a sil%en mas%- who had struc% him either with a clu' or a %nife& 6 Scan the remainin five para raphs to find lin%s 'etween them& $oo% in particular for4 a se.uence of events& references to people& repeated references to thin s or events&

Sort the para raphs into the correct order& A E!plain the meanin of these phrases from the te!t& 1& ood livin Bpara raph 0C "& <eelin he had done his duty Bpara raph 0C 6

6& 0 hastily summoned doctor Bpara raph CC A& a fact that threw dou't on Bpara raph CC :& the pu'lic eye Bpara raph )C +& the novelty had worn off Bpara raph )C 7& a mere seventeen months Bpara raph <C : #hat do you thin% really happened to (aspar Hauser4 in his childhood? at the end of his life?

Vocabulary 2 2n this section- you have come across phrasal ver's with up and out Bfor e!ample- shoot up and et outC& Here are some other ver's which com'ine with up and out& <it the most suita'le phrasal ver' into the apped sentences- choosin an appropriate tense& run ta%e up out 'rea% ma%e

1& /o'ody 'elieved Edward when he told them a'out the U<O& 3hey thou ht he DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD the whole story& "& She5s 'een house1'ound for so lon - she really needs to 'e DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD for the evenin & 6& 0fter months of careful plannin - the three convicts finally mana ed to DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD of the top security prison& A& #ould you mind oin to the shops for me? 2 DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD of mil%& :& Her dau hter DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD a hu e phone 'ill without her %nowled e& +& 3he sea was so rou h and stormy that they could 'arely DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD the island in the distance&

"

idem- p& :1

Speaking =ou have witnessed a possi'le U<O si htin & =ou and another witness are 'ein interviewed a'out the event on local radio& Unfortunately- your accounts don5t .uite matchE $isten to the other witness5s version and interrupt tactfully if you thin% somethin is incorrect& Read the details and 'e ready to tell your side of the story& Student 0- read e!tract A0& Student 8- read e!tract A8& E!tract 0 =ou saw up to si! U<Os 1 you can5t 'e sure a'out the e!act num'er 'ecause they were movin too fast& 3hey were spherical in shape and metallic1loo%in & 2t was 11&67 at ni ht 1 you %now that is correct 'ecause a radio pro ramme you were listenin to on your personal stereo had just finished& =ou had 'een inside your tent 'ut came out when you heard your friend you were worried 'y the 'y hysterical screamin & E!tract 8 =ou definitely saw ei ht U<Os 1 you counted them& 3hey were li%e lar e oval discs of li ht- very colourful& 2t was well after midni ht& =ou were outside as you couldn5t sleep 1 you had wal%ed down to the la%e and were on your way 'ac% to the tents& =ou felt very calm when it happened& Student C Bthe interviewerC should prepare some .uestions to as% the other two& Cover these aspects4 when the event too% place where each person was how many U<Os were seen their siFe- shape- colour how each person reacted& estions for ways to interrupt& #hich ones seem the most tactful?

Here are some su

E!cuse me- 'ut that isn5t .uite ri ht& Gust a minuteE 2t wasn5t li%e that at all :

/o- no- you5ve ot that wron & $isten Could 2 just say somethin a'out that?

&

Han on- et your facts strai ht &&& 3hat5s a'solute ru''ishE #hat really happened was &&& 2 don5t thin% 2 a ree with you there &&&

ra!!ar Conditionals E"planations# Basic usage$ #hat is always true4 present H present

If I work late, I get tired. If the water is boiling/has boiled, it means the food is nearl read . #hat was always true4 past H past

%e went home earl if it was fogg . If it was snowing, we stayed at home. Real situations4 present H future& Here we thin% that the outcome is really possi'le&

If ou keep driving like that, ou're going to have an accident. If ou see "ark, tell him I'll ring him tomorrow. Hypothetical situations4 past H would 3hese are unreal or ima inary situations&

If I knew the answer, I'd tell ou. If I was having a part , I wouldn't invite "arcia. 3he ver' be usually ta%es the form were for all persons in these sentences- thou h was is used in everyday speech& /ote that in the first person it is possi'le to use should instead of would& If I left home, I think I should be lonel . Hypothetical past situations4 past perfect H would have

3hese refer to past events& If I had known ou were coming, I would have met ou at the station.
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*ichael Iince- 9eter Sunderland- !dvanced (anguage )ractice- O!ford- *acmillan- "776- p& A+1AJ

#ith modals

9ossi'le situations in the present If ou get wet, ou should change our clothes immediatel . If ou come earl , we can discuss the problem together. Hypothetical situations If I had the mone , I could help ou. Hypothetical past situations If ou hadn't reminded me, I might have forgotten. Variations 2f only

3his adds emphasis to hypothetical situations& #ith past events it adds a sense of re ret& 3he second part of the sentence is often left out& If only I had enough time* If only I hadn't drunk too much, this wouldn't have happened* +nless and other alternatives to if

+nless means onl if not& I'll go ahead and get the tickets unless ou call me this afternoon. B3his means if you call me this afternoon- 2 won5t et the tic%ets&C 3his means if one situation depends on another- if can 'e replaced 'y asKso lon as- provided or only if& I'll do what ou sa provided the police are not informed. Even if descri'es how somethin will happen whatever the condition& Even if it rains, we'll still go for a picnic. 9ast events with results in the present4 past perfect H would

If ,im hadn't missed the plane, he would be here b now. -hould

0fter if- this ma%es the possi'ility of an event seem unli%ely& If ou should see !nn, could ou ask her to call me. B3his implies that 2 do not e!pect you to see 0nn&C %ere to

3his also ma%es an event seem more hypothetical& If I were to ask ou to marr me, what would ou sa . 7

Happen to

3his emphasises chance possi'ilities& 2t is often used with should& If ou happen to see Helen, could ou ask her to call me. If ou should happen to be passing, drop in for a cup of tea. If it were not for/if it hadn't been for

3his descri'es how one event depends on another& If it weren't for ,im, this compan would be in a mess. If it hadn't been for their goalkeeper, +nited would have lost. %ill and would4 politeness and emphasis

3hese can 'e used as polite forms& If ou will/would wait here, I'll see if "rs 0reen is free. #ill can also 'e used for emphasis- meanin 5insist on doin 5& If ou will sta out late, no wonder ou are tiredE Binsist on stayin outC -upposing, otherwise

-upposing or suppose can replace if- mainly in everyday speech& Supposing ou won the football pools, what would ou do. 1therwise means 5or if not5& 2t can o at the 'e innin or end of the sentence& If ou hadn't given us directions, we wouldn't have found the house. Thanks for our directions to the house. %e wouldn't have found it otherwise. 2ut for

3his can replace if not. 2t is used in formal lan ua e- and must 'e followed 'y a noun form& If ou hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble. But for your help, we would have been in trouble. If so/if not There is a possibilit that ,ack will be late. If so, I will take his place. Collo.uial omission of if Sit down, and I'll make us a cup of tea. B2f you sit down &&& C If and adjectives ,

3hese can refer to a sentence understood 'ut not stated&

0n imperative can 'e used instead of an if clause in everyday speech&

2n e!pressions such as if it is necessar /possible it is possi'le to omit the ver' be. If interested, appl within. If necessary, take a ta&i. <ormally if can mean although, usually as if H adjective& 3he room was well1furnished- if a little badly decorated% &ractice & 1 9ut each ver' in 'rac%ets into an appropriate ver' form& 1& /ow we5re lostE 2f you Lhad written down LBwrite downC *ary5s directionsthis&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BnotKhappenC& "& #hy don5t we emi rate? 2f we &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BliveC in 0ustralia- at least the weather &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B'eC 'etterE 6& 25m afraid that Smith is a hardened criminal&2f we &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BnotKpunishC him this time- he &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B onlyKcommitC more crimes& A& 3han%s to )r Gones- 25m still aliveE 2f it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BnotK'eC for her2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B'eC dead for certain& :& 25m sorry 2 can5t lend you any money& =ou %now that if 2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BhaveCit- 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BlendC it to you& +& )on5t 'e afraid& 2f you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BtouchC the do it &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BnotK'iteC& 7& 2n those days- if you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BhaveC a jo'you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B'eC luc%y& ,& 2t5s always the sameE 2f 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BdecideC to leave the office early- my 'oss&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BcallC me after 25ve leftE J& #hat a terri'le thin to happenE Gust thin%- if we &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BnotKmissC the plane- we &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B%illC in the crash& 17& )id you enjoy your meal? 2f you&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& BfinishC eatin 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Bclear awayC the plates& " )ecide whether each sentence is rammatically possi'le or not& 1& 2f you haven5t received a letter yet- you haven5t ot the jo' Lpossi'leL "& 2f it isn5t for )avid- we are missin the 'us& LLLLLL J

6& 2f it5s rainin - we o to the pu' on the corner instead& LLLLLL A& 2f you didn5t lend us the money- we would have one to the 'an%LLLL :& 2f you should happen to chan e your mind- drop me a line& LLLLLL +& 2f it wasn5t for the rain- we would have 'een home 'y now& LLLLLL 7& 2f you will drive so fast- no wonder the police %eep stoppin you&LLLL ,& 2f 2 %new you were comin - 2 would have met you at the airport& LLLL J& 8ut for you helped us- we would have ta%en much lon er& LLLLLL 17& 2f Gac% joins the team- 25m leavin & LLLLLL 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meanin to the first sentenceusin the word iven& )o not chan e the word iven& aC 2 didn5t have the money so 2 didn5t 'uy a new suit& 'ould 2f 2 3 had had the mone I would have bought3.a new suit& 'C 2f you are in $ondon 'y any chance- come and see me& (appen 2f you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&come and see me& cC 2f you insist on doin everythin yourself- of course you5ll feel tiredE 'ill 2f you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&- of course you5ll feel tiredE dC 9lease ta%e a seat- and 25ll in.uire for you& 'ill 2f you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&- 25ll in.uire for you& eC 2f you do the shoppin - 25ll coo% lunch& and =ou &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&25ll coo% lunch& fC 2f 9auline hadn5t 'een interested- the project would have 'een a'andoned& interest 8ut &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&the project would have 'een a'andoned& C 3he fire was 'rou ht under control than%s to the ni ht1watchman& )or 2f it hadn5t &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ot out of control& 17

hC )ic% is in prison 'ecause a detective reco nised him& i) )ic% wouldn5t &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&reco nised him& iC 2 am not tall enou h to reach the shelf& taller 2f 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&reach the shelf& jC 8ut for Helen actin so wonderfully- the play would 'e a flop& 'onder)ul 2f it &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&the play would 'e a flop& %C 2t won5t ma%e any difference if City score first? United will still win& e*en United &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&City score first& lC @ettin up early ma%es me feel hun ry& get 2f &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ma%es me feel hun ry&

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