B.Sc.

Biotechnology Semester V BBT 511: Genetics

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Genetics Significance of genetics in evolution and breeding for improved food and medicines. Units of genetics Chromosomes: Structure, types, staining, FISH, banding, nomenclature and karyotyping, polytene and lampbrush chromosomes. Heredity Mendelian inheritance; segregation, independent assortment, test cross, dominant and recessive traits, multiple alleles, patterns of inheritance of human diseases. NonMendelian inheritance Gene interactions; cooperative interactions, epistasis. Cytoplasmic inheritance; mitochondria, chloroplast, infective particles, human diseases associated with mitochondrial inheritance. Arrangement of genetic material Linkage and recombination, gene mapping in diploids, tetrad analysis, other methods of gene mapping (RFLP). Changes in genetic material Variation: continuous and discontinuous; Chromosomal aberrations: numerical (aneuploidy in human and polyploidy in plants) and structural (deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation) and related human diseases; Gene mutation, types, congenital diseases; Jumping genes. Population genetics Genetic equilibrium, changes in gene frequencies, inbreeding and heterosis, speciation and evolution. Role of SNP. Sex determination Chromosomal pattern of sex determination, sex determination in human, environmentdependent sex determination, dosage compensation. Sex linked inheritance. Genetic counseling Prenatal and parental diagnosis; pedigree analysis and norms of genetic counseling. Model study organisms E. coli, S. cereviceae, Arabidopsis, C. elegans, Drosophila and mice. References 1. Practical Genetic Counseling, 6th Edn., Harper,P. S. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford (2004). 2. Fundamentals of Bacterial Genetics, Trun, N. and Trempy, J., Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford (2005). 3. Genetics, Singh, B.D., Kalyani Publications, New Delhi (2005). 4. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths, A. J. F., Miller, J. H., Suzuki, D. T., Lewontin, R. C. and Gilbert, W. M., W. H. Freeman and Co., New York (2005).

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5. Principles of Genetics 8TH Edn. Gardner, E. J., Snustad, D. P. and Simmons, M. J., John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi (2006). 6. iGenetics, A Molecular Approach, Russell, P. J., 2nd Edn., Pearson Education Inc., San Fransisco (2006). 7. Genetics, Strickberger, M. W., Pearson Education, India (2007).