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Chapter 6
Refrigeration Systems
Refrigeration Mechanical Compression Refrigeration Absorption Systems Troubleshooting and Maintaining Refrigeration Systems Refrigerant Regulations Refrigerant Handling

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A refrigeration system controls the absorption and rejection of heat by refrigerant to move heat from inside a cooled space to outside the cooled space.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

In a mechanical compression refrigeration system, a compressor is used to produce the refrigeration effect.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Refrigerant vapor pressure charts list the saturation temperature and pressure of refrigerants.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Refrigeration compressors include reciprocating, vane, centrifugal, and screw compressors.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Refrigerant compressors are available in hermetic and semi-hermetic configurations.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

An air-cooled condenser removes heat from highpressure refrigerant vapor by air blown across the condenser coils.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Water-cooled condensers transfer heat from refrigerant vapor to water.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Evaporative condensers reject heat through the evaporation of water.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A fin comb is used for condenser maintenance to straighten damaged or bent fins, which limit airflow and reduce condenser efficiency.
Robinair Division, SPX Corporation

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A thermostatic expansion valve uses temperature readings at the evaporator outlet to control the rate of refrigerant flow into the evaporator.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

The opening and closing of a thermostatic expansion valve is controlled by the pressure in the remote bulb.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

An automatic expansion valve controls the temperature of the refrigerant by controlling the pressure in the evaporator.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

As refrigerant is forced through the capillary tube, it loses pressure until it is at the desired evaporator pressure.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

An evaporator vaporizes low-pressure refrigerant liquid into a low-pressure vapor.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A hot-gas defrost uses hot gas from the compressor to melt frost on the evaporator.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

An evaporator pressure regulating valve allows two evaporators running from the same compressor to maintain different temperatures.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Accessories are used for maintaining and controlling the flow of refrigerant in a refrigeration system.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Pressure switches control refrigeration system temperature through changes in system pressure.

Ranco Inc.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Ammonia systems operate at high temperatures and pressures and must have special controls and fittings to control the release of ammonia gas.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

The direction of refrigerant flow in a heat pump is controlled by a reversing valve.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Heat pumps may use air or water as the heat source.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Chillers use chilled water to cool large building spaces.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A cooling tower cools water from a condenser by the evaporation of water as it cascades through the tower.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Absorption systems use a generator and absorber in place of the compressor to raise system pressure.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Gauge manifolds are used to take pressure readings, add or remove refrigerant, and remove air from a system before it is filled with refrigerant.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Service valves are frontseated for isolating parts of the system, midseated for adding or removing refrigerant or taking system pressures, and back-seated during normal operation.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Refrigeration system pressure readings are taken by connecting the blue hose to the low-pressure side service valve and the red hose to the high-pressure side service valve with both gauge manifold valves front-seated.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A head pressure controller prevents the condenser pressure from falling too low and starving the evaporator for refrigerant.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

The EPA has established regulations under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act to regulate the handling of ozone-depleting substances.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A recovery unit is used to recover refrigerant for reuse.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A leak detector is a device used to detect refrigerant leaks in air conditioning or refrigeration systems.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

A vacuum pump removes all air from a refrigeration system.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

The vacuum pump is connected to the system service valves using a gauge manifold and hoses.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

Electronic leak detectors are extremely sensitive and indicate the general location of a leak.

Chapter 6 Refrigeration Systems

The refrigerant container is placed upside down to charge with liquid and right side up to charge with vapor.