Code No: RR411103 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain various design concepts of pattern recognition system. Discuss various

methods of implementation. [8+8]

2. Consider an M-class, one dimensional pattern recognition problem in which each

class is characterized by a Rayleigh probability density function:
  2
p(X/wi ) = √
x
exp −x
2σi2
,x≥0
σi 2π
0, x<0
Derive the Bayes decision function, assuming zero and one loss function. Let
p(wi )= m1 . [16]

3. Find the solution vector ω using reward punishment algorithm to separate the two
classes, where the patterns in each class are given by ω1 : {(0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)1 } and
ω2 : {(1, 0, 1)1 , (1, 1, 1)1 } [16]

4. (a) Explain the least-mean square-error algorithm with an example.

(b) Explain the convergence proof of the LMSE algorithm. [8+8]

5. (a) Discuss the various geometrical transformations of the image function.

(b) Suppose the sequence [2 3 2 1] represents a discrete function. Compute Dis-
crete Fourier transform of the function. [8+8]

6. Explain in detail the different derivative operators used for image sharpening.[16]

7. (a) How do you measure information?

(b) Describe the compression of image by eliminating coding redundancy [4+12]

8. (a) Describe the significance of Laplacian operator. Explain with an example,

how the edges are detected with this operator.
(b) Compare the performance of various edge detecting operators. [8+8]

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Code No: RR411103 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the mathematical model of simple pattern recognition system indetail?
(b) How distance functions are useful in pattern recognition? [8+8]

2. (a) Write a short note on cluster analysis.

(b) Explain a cluster-seeking algorithm in detail. [8+8]

3. Explain the proof of convergence applicable to reward-punishment algorithm. [16]

4. Discuss Robbins-monro algorithm for pattern classification and extend the algo-
rithm to multi - dimensional case. [16]

5. Write short notes on:

(a) Pixel neighbors.

(b) Pixel connectivity.
(c) Distance measure.
(d) Equivalence of pixels. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Write a note on the following:

i. image subtraction
ii. image averaging [4+4]
(b) Show that a high pass filtered image can be obtained in the frequency domain
as High pass = original - low pass (assume 3x3 filters) [8]

7. (a) Briefly explain about image compression.

(b) How image compression is helpful in medical imaging? [8+8]

8. (a) A binary image contains straight lines oriented horizontally, vertically diago-
nally at 450 and - 450 . Give a set of 3 x 3 masks that can be used to detect
one -pixel-long breaks in these lines. Assume that the gray level of the lines
is 1 and that the gray level of the background is 0.
(b) Prove that the average value of the Laplacian operator
 2 2  2
2
∇ h = r −σ
σ4
exp − 2σ r
2 is zero. [8+8]

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Code No: RR411103 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain various design concepts of pattern recognition system. Discuss various

methods of implementation. [8+8]
2. (a) What is the relation between error probability of 1-NN rule and Bayes prob-
ability of error.
(b) Explain the stylized character recognition system with the help of flow chart.
[8+8]
3. Apply the perceptron algorithm to find the solution vector for the following pattern
classes:
ω1 : {(0, 0)1 , (1, 0)1 }andω2 : {(0, 1)1 , (1, 1)1 }. Sketch the decision surface obtained,
and indicate the positive side of the separating surface. [10+6]
4. (a) Explain the increment correction algorithm for trainable pattern classifier us-
ing stochastic approach and derive the conditions for decision function.
(b) Explain LMSE algorithm using stochastic approach for pattern classification.
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain the periodicity, conjugate and rotation properties of Fourier trans-
form.
(b) A real function f(x) can be decomposed as the sum of even and odd functions.
Show that feven (x) = (1/2)[f (x) + f (-x)] and fodd (x) = (1/2)[f (x) - f (-x)]
[8+8]
6. (a) Explain the meaning of histogram equalization. Give an example where the
histogram equalization technique compresses the discrete gray level range of
an image.
(b) Show that crispened image can be obtained by convolving it with the mask
0 -1 0
-1 5 -1 [8+8]
0 -1 0
7. (a) Draw the image compression model and describe the functions of each unit in
it.
(b) What are the various coding techniques for error-free compression and discuss
in detail Huff-man coding. [8+8]
8. (a) What is meant by image segmentation? Mention the applications of image
segmentation. [4+4]

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Code No: RR411103 Set No. 3
(b) Explain about detection of discontinuities. [8]

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Code No: RR411103 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain in detail about patterns and pattern classes with examples. Also,
explain how the pattern classes are useful for recognition.
(b) With a neat block diagram, explain a pattern recognition system in detail.
[8+8]

2. (a) Write a short note on cluster analysis.

(b) Explain a cluster-seeking algorithm in detail. [8+8]

3. Find the solution vector ω using reward punishment algorithm to separate the two
classes, where the patterns in each class are given by ω1 : {(0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)1 } and
ω2 : {(1, 0, 1)1 , (1, 1, 1)1 } [16]

4. (a) Can you construct context free grammar for even palinrome? If so, write the
grammar? If not give the reasons.
(b) Can you construct a regular grammar for odd palinrome? If so write the
grammar? If not give the reasons. [8+8]

5. (a) Give the transformation matrix used to rotate an image by 450 clockwise. How
would this transformation is used to achieve the desired image rotation
(b) Write short notes on sampling & quantization of an image. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail image averaging. [4]

(b) What is the use of smoothing the image? What are the different methods to
smoothen the image? [5+7]

7. (a) How do you measure information?

(b) Describe the compression of image by eliminating coding redundancy [4+12]

8. (a) What is meant by image segmentation? Mention the applications of image

segmentation. [4+4]
(b) Explain about detection of discontinuities. [8]

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