Test Paper-1 Electrical Machines Test Paper

Source Book: GATE Multiple Choice Questions Electrical Engineering (Vol-1 and Vol-2) Author: RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia ISBN: 9788192276212, 9788192276229 Publisher : Nodia and Company Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in Edition: 1st

Q. No. 1 - 10 Carry One Mark Each

MCQ 1.1

A magnetic circuit with a cross-sectional area of 20 cm2 is to be operated at 50 Hz from a 120 V rms supply. The number of turns required to achieve a peak magnetic flux density of 1.8 T in the core is (A) 942 (B) 106 (C) 150 (D) 666 2 Vrms AB peak 2 # 120 2 # 50 # 20 # 104 # 1.8

SOL 1.1

Number of turns N = =

= 150 Hence (C) is correct option.

MCQ 1.2

Wave winding is employed in a d.c. machine of (A) high current and low voltage rating (B) low current and high voltage rating (C) high current and high voltage rating (D) low current and low voltage rating

SOL 1.2

Wave windings are high-voltage rated, since the number of coils in series between commutator segments permits a high voltage to be built up more easily than with lap windings. Current rating of wave winding is taken low. Hence (B) is correct option. a 230 V dc shunt motor is operated at rated voltage and driving a constant-torque load. Neglect the effects of rotational losses and armature reaction. If an external resistance of 1.0 is now inserted in series with the armature while the shunt field current is kept constant, then the armature current will (A) increase (B) decrease

MCQ 1.3

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(C) not change

SOL 1.3

(D) none of above

For a constant torque load, changing the armature resistance will not change the armature current. Hence (C) is correct option. In a cylindrical rotor synchronous machine, the phasor addition of stator and rotor mmfs is possible because (A) two mmfs are rotating in opposite direction (B) two mmfs are rotating in same direction at different speed (C) two mmfs are stationary with respect to each other (D) one mmfs is stationary and the other mmf is rotating

MCQ 1.4

SOL 1.4

In a cylindrical rotor synchronous machines the stator and rotor both runs at synchronous speed so they are stationary with each other. Hence (C) is correct option. Which one of the following statements is not correct in respect of synchronous machines ? (A) In a salient pole machines, the direct-axis synchronous reactance is greater than the quadrature axis synchronous reactance (B) The damper bars help the motor to self-start (C) Short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produce the rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current (D) The V-curve of a synchronous motor represents the variation in the armature current with field excitation at a given output power

MCQ 1.5

SOL 1.5

In short circuit test of a synchronous machine short circuit ratio is defined as of l SCR = of m Where of l is the field current required to generate reated voltage at rated speed on open-circuit and of m is the field current required to produce rated armature current under a sustained three phase short circuit. Thus statement in option (C) is not true. Hence (C) is correct option.

MCQ 1.6

A synchronous motor draws 2000 kVA at a power factor of 90% leading. If the efficiency of the motor is 95%, the developed power will be (A) 1800 kW (B) 2000 kW (C) 1710 kW (D) 1897.7 kW = 0.9 # 2000 = 1800 kW

SOL 1.6

Input power Pin Efficiency = Pout Pin

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Pout = # Pin = 0.95 # 1800 = 1710 kW Hence (C) is correct option.

MCQ 1.7

Consider the following statements for a 60 Hz, four-pole induction motor running at 1755 rpm at rated load 1. Speed of the rotor field with respect to stator is 1800 rpm 2. Speed of rotor field with respect to rotor is 45 rpm 3. Speed of the rotor field with respect to stator is 1755 rpm 4. Speed of the rotor field with respect to the rotor is zero. Which of the above statement is/are true ? (A) 3 and 4 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

SOL 1.7

Synchronous speed is 120f = 120 # 60 = 1800 rpm ns = 4 P Slip s = 1800 1755 = 0.025 1800 Rotor rotates at synchronous speed with respect to the stator that is 1800 rpm. Rotor rotates at slip speed ahead of the rotor, so the speed of the rotor field with respect to rotor = s # ns = 0.025 # 1800 = 45 rpm Hence (D) is correct option.

MCQ 1.8

Match List I (Constructional Components) with List II (Machines) and select the correct answer using the codes given below : List I P. Q. R. S. Codes : P (A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 2 Vacuum Cleaner Refrigerator Air conditioner fan Clock Q 4 3 4 3 R 3 4 3 1 S 1 2 2 4 1. 2. 3. 4. List II Split phase motor Universal motor Capacitor start motor Hysteresis motor

SOL 1.8

(P) Universal motor for its high torque (Q) Capacitor start For its high starting torque and relatively constant speed at a wide variety of loads

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(R) Split-phase Fans are low starting torque applications, and a split phase motor is appropriate (S) Hysteresis motor for its easy starting and operation at synchronous speed. Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.9

What is the step angle of a variable-reluctance stepper motor with 12 teeth in the stator and 8 rotor teeth ? (A) 75c/step (B) 15c/step (C) 25c/step (D) 10c/step Number of stator teeth Ns = 12 Number of rotor teeth Nr = 8 Step angle = Ns Nr # 360c Ns N r (12 8) = 360c = 15c/step 12 # 8 # Hence (B) is correct option. A 550 kVA, 60 Hz transformer with a 6.6 kV primary winding draws a current of 5 A at no-load, rated voltage and frequency. A second transformer has a core with all its linear dimensions 2 times of the first transformer. The primary windings of both transformers have the same number of turns. The second transformer with 13.2 kV at 60 Hz applied on its primary, will draw a no-load current of (A) 3.53 A (B) 10 A (C) 14.14 A (D) 7.07 A

SOL 1.9

MCQ 1.10

SOL 1.10

The core length of the second transformer is 2 times that of the first, so the core area of the second transformer is twice that of the first, and its volume is 2 2 times that of the first. Since the voltage applied to the second transformer is twice that of the first, the flux densities will be the same. The magnetizing inductance is proportional to the area and inversely proportional to the core length and hence is 2 times larger. Thus the no-load magnetizing current will be 2 times larger in the second transformer or I no load = 2 # 5 = 7.07 A Hence (D) is correct option.

Q. No. 11- 21 Carry Two Mark Each

MCQ 1.11

Four types of d.c. generators of constant speed are considered (List I). Their external characteristics at constant speed are given in List II. Match List I (Type of d.c. generator) with List II (External characteristics) and select the correct answer using the codes given below

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Codes : A (A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 2

SOL 1.11

B 3 4 3 4

C 1 2 2 1

D 4 3 4 3

For a separately excited dc generator, terminal voltage is Vt = Ea Ia Ra So the external characteristic is

For a shunt generator

For a series excited generator

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For over-compound generator

Hence (A) is correct option.

MCQ 1.12

A six pole 250 V dc shunt generator is supplying full load current at a speed of 1000 rpm. Its armature and field resistance are 0.04 and 100 respectively and it has 700 lap connected conductors. The voltage across armature resistance is 7.2 V. The value of load current and flux per pole are (B) 177.5 A, 22 mWb (A) 182.5 A, 7.33 mWb (C) 180 A, 40 mWb Field current armature voltage or armature current Load current (D) 182.5 A, 22 mWb Ish = Vt = 250 = 2.5 A Rsh 100 Ia Ra = 7.2 Ia = 7.2 = 7.2 = 180 A 0.04 Ra I = Ia Ish = 180 2.5 = 177.5 A Eg = Vt + Ia Ra = 250 + 7.2 = 257.2 V Eg = NZ # P 60 A 257.2 = # 1000 # 700 60 ` A = P due to lap winding

Generated emf We know that

or

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Flux = 22.0 mWb Hence (B) is correct option.

MCQ 1.13

A 10 kW, 250 V shunt generator is delivering full-load at rated voltage and at 800 rpm. It has an armature resistance of 0.1 and a field resistance of 250 . The machine now runs as a motor while taking 10 kW at 250 V. What is the approximate speed(rpm) of the motor ? (A) 630 (B) 923 (C) 827 (D) 775

SOL 1.13

When the machine is running as a generator Field current Ish = 250 = 1 A 250 Load current IL = 10 # 10 = 40 A 250
3

Armature current Ia = IL + Ish = 40 + 1 = 41 A Induced Emf Eg = 250 + 41 (0.1) = 254.1 V Now the machine runs as a motor 3 l = 10 # 10 = 40 A Load current IL 250 l = 250 = 1 A Field current Ish 250 l = 40 1 = 39 A Armature current Ia Generated emf Em = 250 39 (0.1) = 246.1 V Speed as a motor Nm = Em Ng = 246.1 (800) . 775 rpm 254.4 Eg Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.14

A 200 V shunt motor with a constant main field is driving a load whose torque varies as the square of the speed. It draws 30 A while running at 600 rpm. If a 20 resistor is connected in series with armature and motor losses are assumed to be neglected, then the speed(n ) and armature current( Ia ) will be (A) n = 600 rpm, Ia = 30 A (B) n = 260.5 rpm, Ia = 5.66 A (C) n = 200.4 rpm, Ia = 4.33 A (D) n = 180.5 rpm, Ia = 6.22 A Let the armature resistance is negligible and field current is very small compare than armature current. So IL = Ia Since the field current is constant 200 = Ke # 600 ...(i)

SOL 1.14

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Also T = Kt # 30 = KL # (600) 2 When the additional resistance is added in the armature circuit (200 20Ia) = Ke # n Kt Ia = KL n2 Dividing equation (iii) by (i) and equation (iv) by (ii) 200 20Ia = n 200 600 Ia = n2 30 (600) 2 Solving equation (v) and (vi) n = 260.5 rpm Ia = 5.66 A Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.15

...(ii) ...(iii) ...(iv) ...(v) ...(vi)

The test data obtained at the rated speed on a three-phase, Y-connected, synchronous generator are given as follows: Short-circuit test: Field current = 10 A Short-circuit current = 200 A Open-circuit test: Field current = 10 A Open-circuit voltage = 1150 V The per-phase winding resistance is 0.6 . The per phase synchronous reactance of the generator is equal to (A) 3.26 (B) 5.72 (C) 3.37 (D) 3.92 The phase voltage Vph = Vline 3 Here Vline = VOC = 1150 V , so Vph = 1150 = 663.95 V 3 Synchronous impedance Vph = I ph # Z ph Z ph = ZS = 663.95 = 3.3198 ` 200 Synchronous reactance 2 XS = Z S2 R S = (3.3198) 2 (0.6) 2 = 3.265 Hence (A) is correct option.

SOL 1.15

MCQ 1.16

A three-phase, star connected synchronous generator running at 750 rpm generates a line-to-line voltage of 440 V at 50 Hz on open circuit. The stator is wound with 2 slots per pole per phase and each coil has 4 turns. Assume full-pitch coil, the useful

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flux per pole is (A) 12.3 mWb (C) 24.6 mWb

SOL 1.16

(B) 73.8 mWb (D) 36.9 mWb

Induced emf per phase is E = 440 = 254 V 3 Number of poles 120f = 120 # 50 = 8 P = 750 Ns total number of stator slot = 2 # 8 # 3 = 48 Slot angle = 360 = 7.5c (mechanical) 48

or slot span in electrical degree = 30c Distribution factor sin ^n/2h kd = n sin (/2) sin 2 # 30 2 kd = = 0.966 2 sin 30 2 Pitch factor k p = 1 (full-pitch coils) Rms value of emf induced per phase is, E = 4.44fTkd k p 254 = 4.44 # # 50 # 32 # 0.966 # 1 Flux per pole = 36.9 # 103 Wb Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.17

A 8 kW, 500 V, 3-phase, star connected synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 12 per phase. The full-load efficiency of the motor is 86%. and the armature resistance is neglected. What is the approximate induced emf in the motor ? (A) 316 V (B) 417 V (C) 258 V (D) 110 V

SOL 1.17

Given that Pout = 8 kW, Vt = 500/ 3 = 288.67 V, Xs = 12 Input power Pout Pin = = 8000 = 9302.32 W 0.86 efficiency

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Armature current Pin Ia = 3 VL cos 930.32 = 10.74 A 3 # 500 # 1 Voltage across reactance ER = Ia Xs = 10.74 # 12 = 128.88 V For unity power factor, induced emf will be 2 Ea = V t2 + E X = = 288.672 + 128.882 = 316.13 V Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.18

An industrial system has a load of 100 kVA at 0.6 pf lagging. A synchronous motor is added to the system to improve the overall power factor. If the synchronous motor is operating at 10 kW and 0.5 pf leading, then the overall power factor of the system is (A) 0.58 (lagging) (B) 0.74 (lagging) (C) 0.99 (leading) (D) 0.39 (leading)

SOL 1.18

For the plant P = cos1 (0.6) = 53.13c (lag) Complex power SP = 100 53.13c = 60 + j80 kVA For the synchronous motor m = cos1 (0.5) = 60c (lead) Sm = 10 = 20 kVA 0.5 Thus, Sm = 20 60c = 10 j17.32 kVA The overall power requirements are Stotal = SP + Sm = 60 + 10 + j (80 17.32) or Stotal = 93.96 41.84c kVA and the power factor is pf = cos (41.84c) = 0.74 lagging Hence (B) is correct option.

MCQ 1.19

A 50 Hz, 3-phase, 4 pole, induction motor operating at 4% slip draws 40 kW of power. The stator copped-loss and the the mechanical losses are 1.5 kW and 0.8 kW respectively. What is the efficiency of the motor ? (A) 94.25% (B) 90.4% (C) 92.4% (D) 36.25%

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The power flow diagram is

Air-gap power Rotor copper loss Developed power

Pag = Pin PSCL = 40 kW 1.5 kW = 38.5 kW PRCL = sPag = 0.04 # 38.5 = 1.54 kW Pd = Pag PRCL = 38.5 1.54 = 36.96 kW Pout = Pd Pr = 36.96 0.8 = 36.16 kW = Pout = 36.16 = 0.904 40 Pin

Efficiency

Hence (B) is correct option.

MCQ 1.20

A 120 V, 60 Hz capacitor start motor has the following impedances for the main and auxiliary windings at stand still Main winding Z main = 4.5 + j3.7 Auxiliary winding Z aux = 9.5 + j3.5 The value of starting capacitance that will place the main and auxiliary winding current in quadrature at starting is (A) 177 F (B) 610 F (C) 15 F (D) 125 F The current I main and I aux are shown in the following figure

SOL 1.20

The impedance angle of the main winding is

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main = tan1 b 3.7 l = 39.6c 4.5 To produce 90c phase difference between the currents in the main and auxiliary winding, the impedance angle of the auxiliary winding circuit (including the starting capacitor) must be = 39.6c 90.0c = 50.4c The combined impedance of the auxiliary winding and starting capacitor is equal to Z total = Z aux + jXC = 9.5 + j (3.5 + XC ) Where XC = 1 is the reactance of the capacitor to be added. C = 50.4c tan1 b 3.5 + XC l 9.5 3.5 + XC = tan ( 50.4c) = 1.21 9.5 or XC = 1.21 # 9.5 3.5 = 15.0 The capacitance C is then 1 C = 1 = = 177 F XC 377 # ( 15.0) Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.21

A three-phase, 50 Hz , four-pole induction motor runs at a no-load speed of 1440 rpm and a full-load speed of 1410 rpm. The no-load and full load slip are respectively (A) 4%, 6% (B) 4.16%, 6.38% (C) 6%, 4% (D) 6.38%, 4.16%

SOL 1.21

The synchronous speed is 120 # f ns = = 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm 4 P The slip at no-load snL = ns nnL # 100 ns snL = 1500 1440 # 100% = 4% 1500 The slip at full-load n n fL s fL = s # 100 ns = 1500 1410 # 100% = 6% 1500 Hence (A) is correct option.

Common data for Question 22 to Q. 23

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A 208 V, three-phase, star-connected synchronous motor draws 7.2 kW at 0.8 pf at a certain load. The synchronous reactance of motor is 4 per phase. Assume the armature-winding resistance is negligible.
MCQ 1.22

If the excitation voltage is increased by 50% by raising the field excitation while the developed power remains the same, the new value of torque angle will be (A) 7.31c (B) 32.23c (C) 28.5c Applied voltage Armature current Generated voltage Ea = (Vt cos Ia Ra) 2 + (Vt sin Ia Xs) 2 = (120 # 0.8 0) 2 + (120 # 0.6 25 # 4) 2 = 100 V Magnitude of the new excitation voltage Ea (new) = 100 # 1.5 = 150 V Let new is the new torque angle. We know that, power developed is given by 3Ea (new) Va sin new Pd = Xs sin new = Pd # Xs 3Ea (new) Va 7200 # 4 = = 0.533 3 # 120 # 150 or new = 32.23c Hence (B) is correct option. (D) 20.7c Vt = 208 = 120 0c V 3 Ia = 7200 = 25 A 3 # 120 # 0.8

MCQ 1.23

The value of new armature current will be approximately (A) 7.5 A (B) 14.5 A (C) 8.63 A (D) 20.0 A

SOL 1.23

The new armature current is V Ea (new) Ia (new) = t jXs = 120 150 32.23c = 20.073 4.92c A j4

Hence (D) is correct option.

Common data for Question 24 to Q. 25

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A 50 Hz split-phase induction motor has a resistance of 5 and an inductive reactance of 20 each in both main and auxiliary winding.
MCQ 1.24

The value of resistance to be added in series with auxiliary winding such that the main and auxiliary winding current becomes equal in magnitude is (B) 20 (A) 15 (C) 16.2 (D) 25 Z = 5 + j20 = 20.6 76c V 0 Im = Ia = V = 5 + j20 Z = V 0 V 76c = 20.6 20.6 76c

SOL 1.24

As shown in figure below, auxiliary winding current I l a will now make an angle of 14c with V . After the introduction of an additional resistance, R and a capacitor C , in the auxiliary winding circuit we get,

cos 14c = 5 + R Z 5 + R = Z cos 14c R = Z cos 14c 5 = 20.6 cos 14c 5 = 19.99 5 R = 14.99 Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.25

The value of capacitance to be added in series with auxiliary winding such that the main and auxiliary winding current are in quadrature will be (B) 212.2 F (A) 25 F

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(C) 127.5 F
SOL 1.25

(D) 39.5 F

Again from the above figure sin 14c = XC XL Z XC = XL + Z sin 14c XC = 20 + 20.6 # sin 14c = 24.98 1 XC = 1 = = 24.98 j C 2 # 50 # C or C = 127.5 F Hence (C) is correct option.
Answer Sheet

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(C) (B) (C) (C) (C)

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

(C) (D) (D) (B) (D)

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

(A) (B) (D) (B) (A)

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

(D) (A) (B) (B) (A)

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

(A) (B) (D) (A) (C)