DOES EDUCATION SYSTEM MATTER?

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SINDH

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Education system in Sindh, Pakistan Education is most necessary for the overall personality developments of people. It plays an important role to change the attitude and behavior of the students. In the process of education, people learn how they can better survive in the fast developing world. Innovations and new discoveries in the fast changing world demand the humans to develop themselves in order to meet the challenges of the future. Higher education plays a vital role in the economic development. Education is the knowledge of putting one's potentials to maximum use. One can say that a human being may not have proper sense till s/he is educated. It tells man how to think and how to make decision. Without education, man is as though in a closed room and with education he finds himself in a room with all its windows open towards outside world. This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education. When the holy book of Islam Qur'an was revealed, the first word of its first verse was 'Iqra' that means, to read. Education is thus the starting point of every human activity. Shah (2003) has investigated that in Sindhi education system, there are a number of stages, i.e., Pre Primary Schooling; Primary Schooling; Middle Schooling: High Schooling; Higher Secondary Education; Higher Education; Professional and Technical Education; and Madrassah Education.

"Universities, for centuries, had a crucial role in educating the potential professionals, businessmen, political leaders, religious and social scholars, who serve the society, to enrich its values and develop its resources (Mustard, 1998) Quality of university education can be divided into three categories, educational inputs, educational outputs, and educational processes. In inputs of education included financial measures, physical measures, and manpower measures associated with the resources that are provided for students at each educational level, Educational outputs refer to the consequences of the educational process as reflected in measures such as the levels of knowledge, skills and values acquired by students, while educational
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processes refer to all processes from curriculum development to final assessment including admission, teaching and learning. 1.2 Private and Public Education at university level in Sindh Mostly universities of Sindh are recognized and controlled by higher Education Commission (HEC), two sources role plays in the education first public role by the government and second private role by an individual person. The extremely low level of public investment is the major cause of the poor performance of Pakistans education sector. Public expenditure on education remained less than 2 percent of GNP before 1984-85. In recent years it has increased to 2.2 percent. In addition, the allocation of government funds is skewed towards higher education so that the benefits of public subsidy on education are largely reaped by the upper income class. Many of the highly educated go abroad either for higher education or in search of better job opportunities. Most of them do not return and cause a large public loss (Memon, 2007). The World Bank report indicates that economic gaps between the developed and the developing countries are due to the differences in the higher education facilities available (Siddique, 2002). As described by Rothschild and White (1995), the market for higher education has some distinctive features that differentiate this sect\` from others. Firstly, most universities allocate places to students by administrative rationing, using selective exams to determine university admissions. Secondly, the performance or quality of universities depends positively on the ability of their students, which makes higher education provision a case of customer-input technology, the main difference between private sectors education and public sector education is the syllabus, private sectors is based and made up of on modern perspectives, which become revised with the passage of time, new scientific theories, researches and trends, are introduced in that syllabus, by reading that syllabus the modern student become update and self creative. While public sectors syllabus is at least 50 years old and out dated which is not hiving youth any new thing, for example in public sector The Darwin theory is to be taught while 15 theories have come which are not taught in public sectors education. The main difference between students of public sector and private sector is that the students of public sector are not updated from new trends, theories, scientific researches. The start of private sectors education is was good but then it became a business sector. One educational institute or academy turned into business sector. In private sectors education the owner of private educational institutes are mostly business minded people, so they compromise on each and everything. They dont hire high qualified teacher because he cant give the proper salary to that high qualified man so
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he hires low qualified. Inexperienced man on less salary and that man are immature, untrained and inexperienced and having no qualified degree, the syllabus is good of private sector but useless because the teacher is not able to teach that syllabus, the private education the qualified teacher makes and builds up the personality of student and that teacher becomes a role model and inspiring for the students but high qualified teachers are not appointed in private sector, the low qualified teacher in private sector damages the entire personality of the students, so in private sector there is only spoon feeding now. In fact there is little literature is available on private and public university system as well as in their attraction. Therefore, this study is designed to prove the hypothesis that public education system produces quality labor force. Moreover, we would like to investigate difference between two higher education systems prevailing in the province. Specific objectives of our study were (i) (ii) (iii) To ascertain what inference makes significant difference between public and private education system. (ii) To compare students perspective about their choices towards public and private universities. (iii) recommend policy measures and suggestion based in the results.

2. METHODOLOGY
The research survey to measure the effectiveness off performance of public and private sectors University for the quality assurance of public and private education in Pakistan sindh through Questionnaire was conducted Research design was a program that guides and investigates in the process of collecting, analogies and interpreting the observation and acquired data. It allows inference concerning casual and specific relation and defines the domain of generalizations the major research design types includes experimental, correlation and pre-experimental studies (Frankfurt et.al, 1992). The current studies specially and analogies the performances of public and private institution via quality measurement standers of public & private institute. However assessment was generally quantitative and qualitative in nature supported by sample quantitative data obtained from primary and secondary sources Quality of the program will be measured on the basis of student parents survey and their level of satisfaction The instruments (questionnaires) was prepared after through discussion with head of department, senior faculty members and phd holders teachers 2.1. Study area selection
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The researchers aimed to generalize the result of this study of public and private universities of Sindh Pakistan for data collection, a sample of respondent was drawn from four universities (two private and two public), and the universities were selected from the Sindh, Pakistan The study was to assess the existing the education function between public and private universities. It was considered a adequate in terms accuracy required in term of the time and resources available for the research study: the respondents were selected through stratified random sampling technique in study area.. stratified random sampling in one in which the population is divided in strata and from each stratum the population has an equal chance of being selected there are four universities selected in district Hyderabad and mirpurkhas from Hyderabad one we sindh agriculture university tandojam and mehran university of engineering science and technology the public where from Hyderabad private university is isra university of science and from mirpurkhas is muhammadi medical collage mirpurkhas

2.2.

Data collection and analysis techniques

For this about 20 students to selected five from each university

Techniques:
Primary data were collected during survey a comprehensive questionnaire was prepared to record the interviews of the selected respondents, the questionnaire comprised the quires about quantitative and qualitative aspects of various universities

Data analysis:
Initially the data were arranged and organized in coding system by using coding sheet, all the data were tabulated summarized and analyzed through computer software and excel. 3. RESULTS

Occupational Attainment of parents

Designation Government Employer under BPS-16 Government Employer BPS-17 or above Business Men Public Private 60% 10% 10% 40% 10% 20% ECONOMIST: JJSARIO Email: jjsario47@yahoo.com

Engineer Doctor Labor

00% 00% 20%

10% 20% 00%

by the term of designation of students parents there are 60% government employer under bps-16

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Preference of their parents regarding public & private education Description Quality of education Location Facilities Environment Quality of Good Teacher Fees structure University standard Public

Private

In table no: , refer to the parents why who select the university for their children, Who refers the public university for their children mostly choose on the base of location and fees structure, because they cannot afford the transport and hostel expenses and also highly tuition fees etc, so thats why they compromise on each and everything, they do not give Precedence to the availability of facilities, environment of campus, qualities of good teacher and also they do not prefer to standard of university, because they have only one choice for their children, that is public university, whose children studying in
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private university their parents highlights each and every about above table they are initiative in study about their children because they are conscious that they will pay finical expenditure with any cost of any best private university

%age of qualification of parents Qualification Post Graduates Graduates Intermediates Metric Middle Total Private 50 40 10 0 0 100 Public 20 20 0 10 50 100

Through survey mostly privates university parents are highly or post graduate or averagely graduate and where public universities students parents are comparatily little educated or parents are mediate or uneducated as compare to private university ...
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Post grads grads Inter matric midle private public

Table 01: descriptive analysis of the public and private university students with respect to the family background. Description average family member Average age average education of their parents designation of their parents private 5.7 21 Grads elite Public 9.7 21.8 Middle Civil Servants

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Interesting For selection university

Parents

Own

In table no: , refer to the parents why who select the university for their children, Who refers the public university for their children mostly choose on the base of location and fees structure, because they cannot afford the transport and hostel expenses and also highly tuition fees etc, so thats why they compromise on each and everything, they do not give Precedence to the availability of facilities, environment of campus, qualities of good teacher and also they do not prefer to standard of university, because they have only one choice for their children, that is public university, whose children studying in private university their parents highlights each and every about above table they are initiative in study about their children because they are conscious that they will pay finical expenditure with any cost of any best private university

Table 02: descriptive analysis of the public and private university students with respect to the their socioeconomic conditions. Description Facilities of selecting university Equipment are used in classes Number of students per class environment of classes Qualification of teachers Behavior of teachers political involvement Boycott of classes Private Best Mostly multimedia 40 Best Mostly post graduate Best No No Public Satisfactory Blackboard 119 Normal Graduate Normal Yes, very much Yes

Table no.02 indicates the Performance measurement was between public and private universities with respected to their socioeconomic condition that private university students mostly preference the best facilities should be providing to them where public universities students are mostly less facilitate as compare to private university because of private universities consist great equipments used in their institute and they live in great environment and less number of students in class room and their teachers are mostly highly qualified and their good behavior with their students . Where in public universities there equipments are satisfactory, normal environment less facilities class room more number of students per class less qualified teachers and bad behavior with their students. Shaheen (2008) found in her study that majority of public school teachers behave well, avoid quarreling, getting flair up immediately, blaming others, experiencing anger as compared to private school
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teachers. The process evaluation is that the implementation, strategies, teaching, environment, learning, guidance, behavior, interest, and counseling, and formative evaluation etc. The politics involvement has affected education so badly that students which have indulged in activities like rallies, fights, firing and propaganda against each other. Shouting, fruitlessly wasting their time in such as stupid activities the increasing involvement of politics in public educational universities day by day has transformed them into the root station of the political activities. The parents whose children are indulged in political activities instead of studies are so much afraid in disappointed about their child life in their future. Thats why those parents who can afford the expenditures of the private universities they send their child to the private universities because there is no political involvement and they can easily achieve their aims. TABLE NO.03 Fees structure of public and private universities in Sindh
Description New Admission fees Admission fee per term/semester Examination fess supply fess per term or per subject Private 56300 33600 1640 845 Public 15990 6688 635 651

In table no: 03 we examined that in public universities have less fees structure and which are afforded by their parents easily because mostly lower class peoples send their kids to public universities. Due to high inflation and more socioeconomic problems, the parents cant bear high fees structure of private universities. Where elite peoples can send their kids to private universities. The start of private sectors education is was good but then it became a business sector. One educational institute or academy turned into business sector. In private sectors education the owner of private educational institutes are mostly business minded people,

60000 50000 40000 30000 Private 20000 10000 0 Public

New Admission Admission fee Examination supply fees per fees per fess term or per term/semester subject

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3.1.

Private Colleges Often Offer Better Forms of Aid

Students should look not just at the amount of financial aid they will receive, but also the types of aid they are offered. Public universities, especially in tight financial times, often have fewer resources than private colleges, so they may need to rely more on loans and self-help as they attempt to meet a students need. Students should look carefully at how much debt they are likely to have when they graduate from college.

3.2.

Public Universities are Often Less Able to Respond to Financial Crisis

When state budgets are in the redas most are in the current climatestate-supported universities frequently become targets for cost cutting. For state universities, difficult economic times can lead to a reduced ability to offer merit scholarships, a reduction in the size of the faculty, larger classes, layoffs and the cutting of programs. In general, universities will have fewer resources to devote to student learning. The California State University system, for example, had to cap enrollments for 2009-10 because of dwindling resources. 3.3. Time to Graduate is Often Longer for Public Universities

In general, a higher percentage of students graduate in four years from private colleges than from public universities. If educational resources are cut at public universities, the average length of time to graduation is likely to increase. When students calculate the true cost of college, they need to consider the opportunity cost of delayed income in addition to the potential expense of an extra semester or year.

4.CONCLUSION The university for their children, Who refers the public university for their children mostly choose on the base of location and fees structure, because they cannot afford the transport and hostel expenses and also highly tuition fees etc, so thats why they compromise on each and everything, they do not give Precedence to the availability of facilities, environment of campus, qualities of good teacher and also they do not prefer to standard of university, because they have only one choice for their children, that is public university, whose children studying in private university their parents highlights each and every about above table they are initiative in study about their children because they are conscious that they will pay finical expenditure with any cost of any best private university .

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Performance measurement was between public and private universities with respected to their socioeconomic condition that private university students mostly preference the best facilities should be providing to them where public universities students are mostly less facilitate as compare to private university because of private universities consist great equipments used in their institute and they live in great environment and less number of students in class room and their teachers are mostly highly qualified and their good behavior with their students . Where in public universities there equipments are satisfactory, normal environment less facilities class room more number of students per class less qualified teachers and bad behavior with their students. Shaheen (2008) found in her study that majority of public school teachers behave well, avoid quarreling, getting flair up immediately, blaming others, experiencing anger as compared to private school teachers. The process evaluation is that the implementation, strategies, teaching, environment, learning, guidance, behavior, interest, and counseling, and formative evaluation etc. The politics involvement has affected education so badly that students which have indulged in activities like rallies, fights, firing and propaganda against each other. Shouting, fruitlessly wasting their time in such as stupid activities the increasing involvement of politics in public educational universities day by day has transformed them into the root station of the political activities. The parents whose children are indulged in political activities instead of studies are so much afraid in disappointed about their child life in their future. Thats why those parents who can afford the expenditures of the private universities they send their child to the private universities because there is no political involvement and they can easily achieve their aims. Public universities have less fees structure and which are afforded by their parents easily because mostly lower class peoples send their kids to public universities. Due to high inflation and more socioeconomic problems, the parents cant bear high fees structure of private universities. Where elite peoples can send their kids to private universities. The start of private sectors education is was good but then it became a business sector. One educational institute or academy turned into business sector. In private sectors education the owner of private educational institutes are mostly business minded people. References Ghulam Rasool Memon (2007), Education in Pakistan: The Key Issues, Problems and The New Challenge. Department of Education, University of Karachi. Journal of Management and Social SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, (Spring 2007) 47-55.

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Rothschild, M. and White, L. (1995). The Analytics of the Pricing of Higher Educationand Other Services in which Customers are Inputs, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 103 I-SAPS (2010), Institute of Social and Policy Sciences. Accessed on ( ) available at: www.i-saps.org. Dawood Shah (Presented at UNESCO Seminar on Decentralization Policies and Strategies in Education, held at Buenos Aires, Argentina from 30th June to 3rd July, 2003.

Siddique, S.(2000). Making Higher Education Meaningful. Pakistan Journal of Education 17(2), pp.31-33. Higher Education Commision (2007). Higher Education Midterm Development framework 2005-2010. Islamabad: HEC.

World Bank (2000). Higher Education in developing countries: Peril and Promise, UNESCO Task Force Report. New York, World Bank. Jack R. Fraenkel, Norman E.Wallen (2003). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (5th Edition). New York: Mc.Graw-Hil Inc., pp. 105-109.

Asim Fawad Siddiqui, and Dr. Syed Abdul Aziz (2012). A comparative study of the private and public sector medical universities in karachi with reference to quality of education. Shaheen, R. (2008). A Comparative Study of Aggressive Behavior of Public and Private School Teachers in Lahore. Unpublished Thesis of Master in Education. Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore.

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