ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION A.

Discussion Generally, an acid is a substance that releases H + ions in water, while base is a substance that releases OH-ions in water. Titration is the test method used in the acid-base neutralization. Acid-base neutralization reaction is a reaction by the acid-base neutralized and produces water. The indicators which are used are the universal indicator and the indicator phenolphthalein. Universal indicator is used to determine the pH o the solution, whereas phenolphthalein indicator used in the titration process be ore titrant is done. This indicator will chan!e color when the e"uivalent point occurs rom colorless to pin#. To obtain the accuracy o the titration endpoint chosen as close as possible to the e"uivalent point, this can be done by selectin! the appropriate indicators and conducted in accordance with the titration. $ircumstances in which the titration is stopped by means o the color chan!e indicator re erred to as the end point titration. This e%periment was conducted three times. The purpose is per ormed in order to obtain accurate results. And pH measurements per ormed be ore the addition o &aOH, a ter the addition o ' ml o &aOH, while achievin! e"uivalent point and a ter passin! the e"uivalent point. The solution used in this e%periment is a solution o &aOH and H$l solution. The reaction can be written( At pH measurements were carried out irst be ore the addition o &aOH H$l pH obtained is e"ual to '. pH shows that the solution is stron!ly acid. A ter that, the addition o ' ml o &aOH and then measure the pH a!ain and !ained H$l pH is ). *t is not much di erent rom the theoretical results is '.'+ pH because the pH obtained is stron!ly acid. And still below pH ,. This means the addition o &aOH not only chan!ed H$l pH -.' . sli!htly.

Then, a!ain addin! some ml &aOH to reach the e"uivalent point the pH value e"ual to ,. *t shows the solution pH is neutral. A!ain addin! ' ml o &aOH a ter reachin! the e"uivalent point, where pH is obtained a ter the addition o successive '', ') and ') pH. This shows that the pH o the solution already is al#aline, not acidic anymore, in terms o total base more than the amount o acid, with an avera!e volume o ,.-+ ml. The errors occur caused by observer lac# o ri!or in addin! a ew ml &aOH to reach the e"uivalent point compared to the pH theory o the irst e%periment. /"uivalent point is the point where the concentration o the acid or base is e"ual to each other, or the point where the amount o base added e"uals to the number o the acid neutralized. pH obtained rom this e%periments are pH 0, '- and '' with an avera!e volume o ,.-+ ml. 1hile the theory is based on the addition o a ew ml o &aOH solution till the pH reached a point e"uivalent to a volume e"ual to , with 2 ml o &aOH. 3o the data obtained are less accurate. 4ased on theory and the charts, the results o these observations, not in accordance with the theory, which a ter the addition o ' ml o &aOH with a pH e"ual to ) and when they reach the e"uivalent point is al#aline, because pH is obtained rom trial account a ter reachin! a point that is e"uivalent to 0, '- and '' are supposed to pH , 5neutral pH6. .oment conditions e"uivalent '

point is called the end point titration or the circumstances in which the titration is stopped by means o the color chan!e in the solution.

B.

Conclusion 4ased on the purpose o the e%periment, it can be concluded that the acid-base titration use universal indicator and the indicator phenolphthalein. *n e"uivalent point, the amount o acid titrated e"uivalent to the amount o base used. And to determine the e"uivalent point is to use an indicator that chan!es color phenolphthalein as it reaches a point e"uivalent.