WRITTEN TEST I

VARIANT 1

Part A. Grammar focus

Present Simple and Present Continuous
1. Present Simple is used: for permanent situations. 1. Present Continuous is used: for temporary situations.

She works in an office. 2.

He's staying with some friends at the

moment. for repeated actions in the present, 2. for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. He's looking for a new job at the

especially with adverbs of frequency. He often buys her flowers. 3. true. The sun sets in the west. 4. for timetables or programmes. The lesson starts at 10 o'clock.

moment. for facts which are permanently 3. with always to express annoyance or criticism. He's always telling lies! 4. for fixed arrangements in the near future. I'm flying to ondon tomorrow.
!t"s all arranged. !"ve already bought the tickets. #he time of the action is always stated or understood.$

Time e pressions used !it" Time e pressions used !it" Present Simple: Present Continuous: usually! always! ne"er! often! now! at the moment! at $resent! always! sometimes! e"ery day#week#month#year tonight etc. etc. %dverbs of frequency often! always! Some "erbs a$$ear rarely in continuous tenses. They e%$ress a $ermanent state& usually! sometimes etc.$ are placed a$$ear '(seem)! be! belie"e! belong! before main "erbs but after au%iliary # cost! feel! forget! hate! ha"e '($ossess)! know! like! lo"e! mean! $refer! reali*e! modal "erbs be! na"e! can! will! must! remember! see! smell! seem! sound! shall etc.$. su$$ose! taste! think! understand! want etc. He often goes to the theatre. I understand '+,T am understanding)it He is ne"er late. now.

E ercise 1. Choose a verb from the list and complete the text and put the verbs into Present Continuous. read! slee$! eat! sail! cry! drink! run! sing! $lay! fish! sit &aura 1$ is sitting under a sunshade. #wo boys 2$ ''''''' round a sandcastle while their father 3$ ''''''' a newspaper. #om 4$ ''''''' (oke. #wo girls )$ ''''''' ice*cream while their mother +$ ''''''' along with the radio. ,ome boys -$ ''''''' football near a man who .$ '''''''. /im 0$ ''''''' 1n his right a baby 12$ ''''''' ,ome people 11$ ''''''' past the beach. E ercise #. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous. -hris is asking .im about her holiday arrangements. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ -$ 3here are you going4 5ow ''''''' you ''''''' there4 3hat time ''''''' the plane '''''''4 3hen ''''''' it ''''''' in (airo4 3here ''''''' you ''''''' when you get there4 3hy ''''''' you ''''''' to go there4 ''''''' you ''''''' a camera with you4 go$ get$ leave$ arrive$ stay$ want$ take$

E ercise $. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous. !t 1$ is be$ winter and the snow 2$ ''''''' fall$. !t usually 3$ ''''''' snow$ in /anuary here. 6etty and /ames 4$ ''''''' play$ in the garden. #hey )$ ''''''' build$ a snowman and they +$ ''''''' throw$ snowballs. #hey -$ ''''''' like$ the snow very much7 #heir mother and father .$ ''''''' not8like$ it. #hey always 0$ ''''''' stay$ in the house when it is cold. 9other usually 12$ ''''''' watch$ #: and ;ather 11$ ''''''' listen$ to the radio or 12$ ''''''' read$ a book. %t the moment they 13$ ''''''' sit$ in the living*room. 9other 14$ ''''''' write$ a letter and ;ather 1)$ ''''''' read$ a book. E ercise %. Fill in with Present Simple or Continuous. ,ue< 3hat 1$ are you doing you8do$ now4

9ark< ,ue< 9ark< ,ue< isn"t he4 9ark < ,ue< me these days. 9ark < ,ue<

! 2$ ''''''' look$ through these old film maga=ines. &ook, 1h, ! 3$ ''''''' think$ he 4$ ''''''' look$ awful7 %nd his ?es, ! +$ ''''''' agree$. %nd he -$ ''''''' appear$ to be 5e 0$ ''''''' be$ in that new film that"s on at the 1deon now, ?es, ! saw it last night. 5e 12$ ''''''' look$ very different ! 12$ ''''''' hope$ it"s a good film. ! 13$ ''''''' see$ it

here"s an old picture of /ack >icholson. suit )$ ''''''' not8fit$ him properly. really angry. ! wonder what he .$ ''''''' think$ about.

now. 5e 11$ ''''''' weigh$ a lot more. tonight. ,tuart 14$ ''''''' take$ me. %ctually, he 1)$ ''''''' be$ very nice to 5e probably 1+$ ''''''' want$ to borrow some money. ! 1-$ ''''''' see$. #hat explains it.

Past Simple and Present Perfect

Past Simple: &er' ( ed Past Simple is used: for actions which happened at a 1. Present Perfect: "a&e ( past participle Present Perfect is used: for actions which happened at an

1.

stated time in the past. #wo weeks ago.$ 2. to express a past state or habit. small flat.

unstated time in the past. know.$ 2. to express actions which have in the present. He has just $ainted the room. #he paint

He sold his car two weeks ago. 3hen4 He has sold his car. 3hen4 3e don"t

/hen she was young she li"ed in a finished so recently that there"s evidence

3.

is wet.$ for past actions which happened 3. for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present.

one after the other.

She $ut on her coat! took her bag and She has li"ed in this house for two left the house. years. ,he still lives in this house.$ 6@#< 5e lived in %ustralia for one year. 4. 5e doesn"t live in %ustralia now.$ for a past action whose time is not 4. for a past action whose time is not present.

mentioned and it is not connected with mentioned but it is connected with the the present. I saw 0l"is 1resley. ! won"t see him I'"e met 2adonna. ! may meet her againA he"s dead. B period of time now againA she"s still alive. B period of time finished$ not finished yet$ Time ad&er's and e pressions used Time ad&er's and e pressions used !it" Past Simple: !it" Present Perfect: yesterday! last week#month#year# just! e"er! ne"er! always! already! yet! 2onday etc! ago! how long ago! just for! since! so far! how long! recently! now! then! when! in 1340 etc. today! this week#month#year! once! se"eral times etc. Special points for Past Simple and Present Perfect: Since is used to express a starting point. I'"e known 7nn since ,ctober. 5or is used to express a period of time. 6et is used in questions and negations. questions. 8ust 9 1resent 1erfect 8ust now9 1ast Sim$le I'"e known 7nn for two months. Ha"e you met him yet: I ha"en't met I'"e already $osted the letters. I'"e just called the doctor. He left just now.

7lready is used in statements and him yet.

E ercise ). *ill in Present Simple or Present Perfect. ! 1$ C"e known know$ #immy for a long time. 3e always 2$ ''''''' play$ together. #immy 3$ ''''''' not8can$ read or write because he 4$ ''''''' never8be$ to school. 5e )$ ''''''' have$ long brown hair since he was born. DE +$ ''''''' live$ in our house for five years. 9y parents -$ ''''''' take$ care of him while ! . ''''''' be$ at school. #immy 0$ ''''''' not8work$A actually he

12$ ''''''' never8have$ a Fob. #his 11$ ''''''' not8be$ strange because #immy 12$ ''''''' be$ my dog. E ercise +. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Present Perfect or Past Simple. 2r ;riggs is away on business and he is $honing his wife to see how she is. 9r 6riggs< 9rs 6riggs< ''''''' leave$. 9r 6riggs< 9rs 6riggs< 3hat 3$ ''''''' you8do$ so far4 ! 4$ ''''''' do$ the painting, ! )$ ''''''' mend$ the 5ello, darling. 5ow are you4 !s everything okay4 !"m fine. ! 1$ <"e been be$ very busy since you 2$

bookshelf and ! +$ ''''''' build$ a cupboard. ! -$ ''''''' have$ my hair cut and ! .$ ''''''' go$ to the dentist"s. 1h, and yesterday ! 0$ ''''''' speak$ to a builder about the garage. 9r 6riggs< the garage4 9rs 6riggs< ago. 9r 6riggs< 9rs 6riggs< garage wall. 9r 6riggs< he4 9rs 6riggs< Simple. #ina< /ane< Fust8return$. #ina< 4$ ''''''' never8be$ to 6ristol. 3hat"s it like4 3hat 1$ ''''''' you8do$ last weekend4 2$ ''''''' spend$ the weekend in 6ristol and ! 3$ '''''''. >o7 ?our car 1+$ ''''''' be$ fine. Hon"t worry7 E ercise -. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Present Perfect or Past 1h no7 5e 1)$ ''''''' not8crash$ into my new car, did 35%#44444 !G ! 12$ ''''''' not8finish$ yet. 3e, well, the 3ell, the garage wall 11$ ''''''' fall down$ two days % builder4 #he garage4 3hat 12$ ''''''' happen$ to

neighbour 13$ ''''''' have$ a little accident. 5e 14$ ''''''' drive$ into the

/ane< #ina< /ane< #ina< weekend4 /ane<

;riends of mine )$ ''''''' live$ there for five years so they +$ ''''''' you8enFoy$ yourself4 ?es. !t -$ ''''''' be$ great7 ! .$ ''''''' not8have$ such a #hat"s good. 0$ ''''''' you8decide$ what you"re doing this 12$ ''''''' already8invite$ my friends from 6ristol to stay

know some interesting, fun places.

good time for ages.

with me for the weekend. E ercise .. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into t"e present perfect or t"e past simple. /ohn< ideas4 Harren< /ohn< Harren< /ohn< her about it. 1$ ''''''' you8ever8be$ to ,pain4 ! 2$ ''''''' go$ to 9adrid ! 4$ ''''''' spend$two years in ,pain while )$ ''''''' be$ % friend of mine -$ ''''''' work$ in 6ra=il before. ! think 1h, yes. ,he .$ ''''''' love$ it in 6ra=il. 9aybe !"ll talk to and 6arcelona last year and ! really 3$ ''''''' enFoy$ myself. at @niversity. +$ ''''''' never8visit$ ,outh %merica, though. you .$ ''''''' meet$ her once. Ho you remember Iate4 ! don"t know where to go on holiday this year. 5ave you got any

T"e Passi&e

T"e passi&e is formed !it" t"e appropriate tense of t"e &er' to 'e ( past participle Acti&e Voice Passi&e Voice Present Simple 5e deli"ers letters. &etters are deli"ered. Past Simple 5e deli"ered the letters. #he letters were deli"ered. Present Perfect 5e has deli"ered the letters. #he letters ha"e been deli"ered. *uture Simple 5e will deli"er the letters. #he letters will be deli"ered. Past Perfect 5e had deli"ered the letters. #he letters had been deli"ered. Present Continuous 5e is deli"ering the letters. #he letters are being deli"ered. Past Continuous 5e was deli"ering the letters. #he letters were being Infiniti&e 0odals modal J be J past participle$ 1. 5e has to deli"er the letters. 5e may deli"er the letters. deli"ered. #he letters have to be

deli"ered. #he letters may be deli"ered. #he letters must be deli"ered.

5e must deli"er the letters. T"e Passi&e is used: when the agent K the person who 2. when the action is more important than events, reports, headlines, news items, and >0 $eo$le were killed in the earth?uake. church was built in 141=.

does the action$ is unknown, unimportant the agent, as in processes, instructions, or obvious from fie context. her.$ This unimportant agent$ He has been arrested. obviously by the police$ 3. to make more polite or formal 4. more polite$ 6ou ha"en<t cleaned the car. less polite$ C"an/in/ from Acti&e into Passi&e. #he obFect of the active verb becomes the subFect in the new sentence. e.g. 1icasso $ainted that $icture. to put emphasis on the agent. 8ane was shot. 3e don"t know who shot advertisements.

statements. The car hasn't been cleaned. The new library will be o$ened by the @ueen.

#he active verb changes into a passive form and the subFect of the active verb becomes the agent. #he agent is introduced with by or it is omitted. e.g. That $icture was $ainted by 1icasso. %fter modal verbs 'will! can! must! ha"e to! should! may! ought to) we use be 9 $ast $artici$le. e.g. e.g. 6ou can use the machine for cutting bread. The machine can be used for cutting bread.

3ith verbs taking two obFects it is more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person. e.g. e.g. 'less usual) 3e put the agent K the person who does the action$ into the passive sentence only if it adds information. 3hen the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious it is omitted. %gents such as $eo$le in general$, they, somebody etc. are omitted. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. ;ell in"ented the tele$hone. The tele$hone was in"ented by ;ell. #he agent is not omitted because Somebody murdered him. He was murdered 'by somebody). unknown agent is omitted.$ The $olice arrested him. I sent her some roses. She was sent some roses. 'more usual) or Some roses were sent to her.

it adds information.$

He was arrested 'by the $olice). obvious agent is omitted.$

E ercise 1. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Present Simple Passi&e. #here is a chimpan=ee which 1$ is called call$ L6ubblesL. !t 2$ ''''''' own$ by 9ichael /ohnson. !t 3$ ''''''' keep$ in home. !t 4$ ''''''' feed$ every day by 9ichael /ohnson himself. !t )$ ''''''' always8dress$ in funny clothes. !t +$ ''''''' say$ that L6ubblesL is 9ichael /ohnson"s only friend. E ercise 12. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e.

1. 2. 3. 4. ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. e.g. usual) 2. 3. 4. ). +. 1. 2. 3. 4. ). +. -. ..

,omeone has broken the crystal vase. 5is parents have brought him up to be polite. ;leming discovered penicillin. #hey will advertise the product on television. ,omeone is remaking that film. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e. ?ou must leave the bathroom tidy. ?ou should water this plant daily. 1ur neighbour ought to paint the garage. ! have to return these books to the library. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e as in t"e e ample : 5e gave me a present. I was gi"en a $resent. 'more usual) # 7 $resent was gi"en to me. 'less #he waiter will bring us the bill. 6ob has sold #ed a second*hand car. #he Mueen presented him with a medal. &arry is going to send a letter to #om. 5er mother bought 9ary some sweets. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e. 9y friend sent me an invitation. e.g. I was sent an in"itation. #he cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor. #he farmer is building a new barn. #he secretary has given 9rs /ones some letters. #he traffic warden had already given him a ticket for illegal parking. Neople must obey the law. ,omeone had broken our door down. #hey chose him as the best actor of the year. Re!rite t"e follo!in/ passa/e into Passi&e.

E ercise 11.

E ercise 1#.

E ercise 1$.

E ercise 1%.

,omeone broke into a local Fewellery shop yesterday. #he owner had Fust locked up the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. #he robber told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. #hen the robber tied him up. #he police have organised a search for the robber. #hey hope they will find him in a few days. Hoctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

E ercise 1).

Re!rite t"e follo!in/ passa/e into Passi&e.

9y uncle painted this picture. ,omeone has offered him a lot of money for it. 5e will deliver the painting tomorrow. 3hen they give him the money he will tell them the truth. 5e painted it one night while he was sleepwalking7

Part 3. Su'4ect area: 5Science and tec"nolo/65

Topic vocabulary in contrast artificial 8 false aim 8 cause 8 reason progress 8 development natural 8 physical estimate 8calculate modern 8 new true 8 accurate electric8electronic industry8factory method 8 way invent 8 discover award 8 reward engine 8 machine 8 motor research 8 experiment take place 8 occur Phrasal verbs break down stop working for a machine, etc.$ carry out perform an experiment, etc. come off succeed come on develop or make progress come up with think of an idea, a plan, etc.$ cut off stop the supply of sth find out discover information, etc. give off produce sth such as heat or a smell narrow down reduce the number of possibilities plug in connect to the electricity supply put through connect by phone turn into change into sth different turn off stop a machine working work out find the solution to a problem, etc. Phrases and collocations attempt make an attempt at sth8doing 8 to do$A attempt to doA

average beginning bottom cause conclusion experiment fact introduction phone call photo graph$ research

in an attempt to do on average in the beginningA at the beginning of sth$A beginning with at8on the bottom of sth$ be8find8look for8etc$ the cause of sth come to8reach the conclusion that$A in conclusion do8perform8carry out an experiment on sth$A experiment with sth8doing in factA as a matter of factA the fact of the matter$ is that$A face the facts with the introduction of sthA an introduction to sth8sb make8receive8get a phone call take a photo of sth8sb$ carry out 8 do research on8into sth$ Word patterns

cause sth to do$ consider sth8doingA consider if8whetherA consider sb for sthA consider it strange, etc for sb to do$ discuss sth8doing with sb$ explain thatA explain sth to sb$ intend to do8doing know about$ sth8doingA know of sbA be known as sth look at8for sth8sbA look forward to sth8doing manage to do plan sthA plan to do possible for sb$ to doA find sth possibleA find it impossible to d result of sth8doingA result in sthA result in your$ doingA result from sth8doingA as a result of sth wonder about sth8doingA wonder if8whether8why Word formation appear appearance, apparently build builder, building discover discovery explain explanation important unimportant, importance, importantly introduce introduction, introductory invent inventor, invention observe observer, observation possible impossible, im$possibility, im$possibly psychology psychologist, psychological ly$

research revolution science technology wood

researcher revolutionary scientist, un$scientific ally$ technological ly$, technical ly$A technician, technique wooden

E ercise 1. Topic &oca'ular6 in contrast. Choose the correct answer. 2odern science !t seems entirely 1$ ''''''' to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other institutions around the world attempting to 2$ ''''''' the way the world works. 5owever, it hasn"t been that 3$ '''''''. %lthough the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Oreeks, for example, believed that they could work out the 4$ ''''''' of natural events Fust by the power of thought. Huring the 1-th century, more and more people began to realise that they could )$ ''''''' their ideas by designing a relevant +$ ''''''' and seeing what happened. % lot of -$ ''''''' was "in this way by individual scientists. #hese men and women often worked alone, carrying out .$ ''''''' into many different areas of science, and they often received very little 0$ ''''''' for their hard work. %t the start of the 22th century, though, it became 12$ ''''''' that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. #he individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. 9odern science was born. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ -$ .$ 0$ % physical % create % route % aims % calculate % experiment % development % research % award 6 natural Q invent Q method Q reasons Q estimate Q research Q movement Q experiment Q pri=e P typical P construct ( way ( causes P measure P attempt ( progress P discovery P gift H real H discover H technique H impulses H test H analysis H evolution H education H reward

12$ 1$ wood. 2$ 3$ motor. 4$ law. )$ +$ -$

% dear

Q true

P accurate

H actual

E ercise #. Topic &oca'ular6 in contrast. Choose the correct word. 9any materials have been used for artificial # false teeth, including 6e careful7 ?ou might give yourself an electric # electronic shock7 !Cm afraid the problem with your washing machine is the engine # 9any employers in the chemicals industry # factory obFect to the new 9y computing exam is taking $lace # occurring next week. #echnology is a fundamental part of new # modern life. 3e had our car serviced and it seems there"s a problem with the

engine # machine. E ercise $. P"rasal &er's. Complete using the correct form of the words in italics. $lug turn carry narrow $ut work come break 1$ 2$ 3$ exercise. 4$ aircraft. )$ +$ -$ on. .$ in7 >o wonder the vacuum cleaner isn"t working. ?ou haven"t ''''''' it #omorrow, we will be ''''''' out an experiment to test this theory. 3ho ''''''' up with the idea of the ball*point pen4 !Cll Fust ''''''' you through to our research department. Nlease hold ,cientists are trying to ''''''' out ways to reduce pollution from % lorry had ''''''' down on the motorway and we had to wait for ! have ''''''' it down to two computer games, but ! still can"t make ! wish you would ''''''' the #: off and go outside and get some over an hour. up my mind.

E ercise %. P"rasal &er's. 1 2 3 4 ) + %lex"s electricity was cutG 3ear a mask because these chemicals giveG !"m writing an essay and ! need to findG ! was pleased that our gamble cameG %lchemists spent years trying to turnG ?our teacher says you"ve really comeG

atch to make sentences. % Q P H R ; off because she forgot to pay the bill metals such as lead into gold. out who discovered penicillin. on in physics over the last year. off fumes that can be harmful. off and the experiment was a success.

E ercise ). P"rases and collocations. Choose the correct answer. 1$ % for 2$ % in 3$ 22th century. Q at P through H on &et"s face ''''''' B we are destroying the environment and we need Q facts P things H information ! don"t think people should be allowed to perform experiments Q over P on H to ''''''' animals. #here was an explosion in technology ''''''' the beginning of the

to do something now. % truth 4$ % by )$ % in +$ % gave #he distance from the Rarth to the ,un is, ''''''' average, about 140 Q on Q by Q did P from P at P drew H in H to H took

million kilometres. !t"s ama=ing that creatures survive ''''''' the bottom of the ocean. ;ox #albot ''''''' the first photograph in 1.3).

-$

Sesearchers have ''''''' to the conclusion that your personality is Q got Q take Q at Q cause P reached P have P with P base H arrived H make H in H motive

affected by your genes. % come .$ % do 0$ % into 12$ 11$ control. % on 12$ % on The future 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ be +$ '''solved by technology. ! am look forward to our next discussion. E ercise -. Word patterns. Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Take the similar meaning in the Word patterns section. 1$ in #he mistake by scientists caused a massive explosion. #he mistake by scientists ''''''' a massive explosion. '''3e were discussing about the future in class today. ,ome people were '''wondering it whether we would have to live in space when we destroy '''our own planet. ! explained them that the answer lies in technology '''scientists are intend to develop forms of energy that will not damage the '''environment. #he problems caused as being a result of technology will Q to P of H from #he telescope will photograph distant galaxies, ''''''' an attempt to Q for P with H in % reason Ho you mind if ! Fust ''''''' a quick phone call from here4 9any lives were saved ''''''' the introduction of antibiotics. #he ''''''' of the nuclear accident is still unknown. 9y father works at the university, doing research ''''''' weather

understand their past. E ercise +. Word patterns. Find the extra word in each line.

because

2$ 3$ as 4$ $lan )$ +$ us

Hr %therton finally succeeded in discovering the secret formula. Hr %therton finally ''''''' the secret formula. !ron oxide ''''''' "fool"s gold". 9any local residents intend to protest about the nuclear power plant. 9any local residents ''''''' about the nuclear power plant. 3e are thinking of appointing Hr Inight to the position of Nrofessor. 3e cannot live in outer space without special equipment. !t ''''''' to live in outer space without special equipment. %nother name for iron oxide is Lfool"s goldL.

managed

considering 3e ''''''' the position of Nrofessor.

E ercise .. Word formation. !se the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. @ualcom$ 1owerto$ Mualcomp have Fust brought out their 1$ ''''''' new SR:1&@#!1> 5andheld computer, the Nowertop. !t"s 2$ ''''''' not to love it, with its smooth, shiny 3$ ''''''' and its bright screen. !t might not be the best 4$ ''''''' to handheld !>#S1H@(R computing because it is quite advanced, but you"ll find an )$ ''''''' of all the features in the detailed manual. #he Nowertop has been +$ ''''''' designed to fit a lot of (omputing power in your palm.#he -$ ''''''' of a unique wireless !nternet connection means there"s a world of .$ ''''''' Fust waiting for you. 3e give the Nowertop nine out of ten. E ercise 1. Word formation. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary. 1$ Hid you know that Oeorge 3ashington had ''''''' 311H$ teeth4 H!,(1:RS RTN&%!> ,(!R>(R !>:R># N1,,!6&R %NNR%S

2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ -$ issue is free7 .$

#he old astronomer patiently made his ''''''' 16,RS:R$ and ''''''' SR,R%S(5$ have announced that a maFor breakthrough !"m planning to train as a ''''''' N,?(51&1O?$ when ! grow up. #hat red ''''''' 6@!&H$ over there is the ,cience Hepartment. #he scientist said she had an announcement of international ''''''' Science /eekly has a special ''''''' !>#S1H@(R$ offer B the first !f there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more '''''''

wrote down what he saw. has been made.

!9N1S#%>#$.

#R(5>1&1O?$ advanced than we are4

Glossar6
artificial adF$ false adF$ reali=ed natural adF$ physical adF$ true adF$ is based on a true story. accurate adF$ method n$ way n$ correct in every detail and without any mistakes< /e need a way of doing something, especially a planned or a method for doing something< There are so many to get an accurate estimate of what the new building will cost. established way< /e de"elo$ed new methods of $ollution control. delicious ways you can $re$are chicken. not natural or real, but made by people< The growers use made to look like something real that the man was wearing a false beard. existing in nature, and not produced by people< This cloth real and able to be seen, touched or felt< There was no based on facts or on things that really happened< The film both natural and artificial light.

is made from natural fibres. $hysical e"idence to connect /hitman with the crime.

engine n$ machine n$ motor n$ aim n$ cause n$ reason n$

the part of a vehicle that makes it move< There was a a piece of equipment with moving parts that does a the part of a machine or vehicle that makes it work< The the thing that you hope to achieve by doing something< an event, thing or person that makes something happen< a fact, situation or intention that explains why something

$roblem with the engine! so we took the car to the garage. particular Fob< Sue showed him how to o$erate the washing machine. $um$ is $owered by an electric motor. 2y main aim on this course is to gain confidence. The cause of death was found to be a heart attack. happened, why someone did something or why something is true< The $olice asked her the reason for her "isit. estimate v$ affected. calculate v$ electric adF$ toothbrush. electronic adF$ calculators in the e%am. invent v$ discover v$ research n$ to design or create something that did not exist before< to find something that was hidden or that no one knew the detailed study of something in order to discover new 7lfred +obel in"ented dynamite. about before< /illiam Herschel disco"ered Branus in 1C41. facts< He did some research into the causes of lung cancer. using electricity and extremely small electrical parts, such as microchips< ,ur maths teacher said that we're allowed to use electronic to discover a number or amount by using mathematics< using or relating to electricity< I'"e just got a new electric He calculates that the $ro$osal would cost A million. to guess or calculate an amount or value by using available information< It is im$ossible to estimate how many of the residents were

experiment n$ e%$eriments. progress n$ development n$ their own homes. modern adF$ new adF$ industry n$ factory n$ award n$ reward n$ so hard. take place phr$ occur v$ about A.>0 $m.

a scientific test to find out what happens to someone or

something in particular conditions< Desearchers now need to conduct further the process of developing or improving< .ee$ me change, growth or improvement over a period of time<

informed about the $rogress of the $roject. The de"elo$ment in the country's economy means that more $eo$le are able to buy relating to or belonging to the present time< 2odern recently made, invented or developed< They are going to all the businesses involved in producing a particular type a building where large quantities of goods are produced a pri=e that is given to someone who has achieved something good that happens or that you receive because

offices are usually full of com$uters. build anew office block here. of goods or services< The new ta% will affect e"eryone in the fishing industry. using machines< She works in a factory. something< She won the 1layer of the 6ear award. of something that F you have done< 6ou deser"e a day off as a reward for working to happen< The ,lym$ics take $lace e"en four years. to happen< The $olice said that the accident occurred at

VARIANT #

Part A Grammar focus

Present Simple and Present Continuous
1. Present Simple is used: for permanent situations. Present Continuous is used: 1. for temporary situations. He's staying with some friends at the

She works in an office.

2.

moment. for repeated actions in the present, 2. for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. He's looking for a new job at the

especially with adverbs of frequency. He often buys her flowers.

moment. 3. for facts which are permanently true. 3.with always to express annoyance or The sun sets in the west. 4.for timetables or programmes. The lesson starts at 10 o'clock. criticism. He's always telling lies! 4.for fixed arrangements in the near future. I'm flying to ondon tomorrow.
!t"s all arranged. !"ve already bought the tickets. #he time of the action is always stated or understood.$

Time e pressions used !it" Time e pressions used !it" Present Simple: Present Continuous: usually! always! ne"er! often! now! at the moment! at $resent! always! sometimes! e"ery day#week#month#year tonight etc. etc. %dverbs of frequency often! always! Some "erbs a$$ear rarely in continuous tenses. They e%$ress a $ermanent state& usually! sometimes etc.$ are placed a$$ear '(seem)! be! belie"e! belong! before main "erbs but after au%iliary # cost! feel! forget! hate! ha"e '($ossess)! know! like! lo"e! mean! $refer! reali*e! modal "erbs be! na"e! can! will! must! remember! see! smell! seem! sound! shall etc.$. su$$ose! taste! think! understand! want etc. He often goes to the theatre. I understand '+,T am understanding)it He is ne"er late. now. E ercise 1. *ill in !it" Present Simple or Present Continuous. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ Rxcuse me. Eo you s$eak you8speak$ Rnglish4 U3here is #om4V U''''''' he8have$ a showerV. ''''''' !8not8watch$ television very often. &isten7 ,omebody ''''''' sing$. ,andra is tired. ''''''' she8want$ to go home now.

+$ -$ .$ 12$ 11$ 12$ 13$ walk$. 1)$

5ow often ''''''' you read$ a newspaper4 URxcuse me but ''''''' you8sit$ in my placeV. U1h, !Cm sorryV. !tCs late. ''''''' !8go$ home now. 0$ ''''''' you8come$ with me4 3hat time ''''''' your father8finish$ work in the evenings4 ?ou can turn off the radio. ''''''' !8not8listen$ to it. U3here is Naul4V U!n the kitchen. ''''''' he8cook$ somethingV. 9artin ''''''' not8usually8drive$ to work. 14$ 5e ''''''' usually ,ue ''''''' not8like$ coffee. 1+$ ,he ''''''' prefer8tea$.$

E ercise #. Complete t"ese sentences usin/ Present Simple or Present Continuous. 7se t"e &er' /i&en in 'rac,ets. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ -$ .$ 0$ 12$ 9y sister ''''''' wait$ patiently for her exam results. 3e ''''''' not travel$ by train very often. ! ''''''' consider$ accepting that Fob in (rete. #he film ''''''' end$ with a dramatic car chase. !"m sorry, ! ''''''' feel$ too tired to go out this evening. 3e ''''''' have$ a great time here in &ondon. ''''''' you ''''''' see$ much of your brother these days4 3e ''''''' rely$ on you to bring the keys with you. ! ''''''' wish$ people didn"t smoke in restaurants. 3ho ''''''' you ''''''' think$ you are, speaking to me like that7

E ercise $. Put in t"e correct tense 8Present Simple or Present Continuous9. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ :egetarians are people who don"t eat 8are not eating$ meat. &ook out7 9y husband comes8is coming$. ,ome people still think the sun goes8is going$ round the earth. ! play8!"m playing$ tennis every weekend. 3ho sits8"s sitting$ in my chair4 3hat happens8is happening$ in golf if you lose the ball4

-$ stop. .$ 0$ 12$ 11$ (hicago. 12$ 13$ 14$ 1)$

%n alcoholic is a person who drinks8is drinking$ too much and can"t &ook7 ,he wears8,he"s wearing$ the same shoes as me. U3hat are you looking8do you look$ at4V U% strange birdV. ! stay8!"m staying$ with /ohn for a few weeks until my flat"s ready. 3e usually stay8"re usually staying$ with Neggy when we go to (an you explain why water always runs8is running$ downhill4 3hat do you do8are you doing$ with my coat4 >obody gets8is getting$ up early for fun. >ot many passenger planes fly8are flying$ faster than sound.

E ercise %. Put t"e &er' into t"e correct form: Present Continuous or Present Simple. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ -$ .$ 0$ 12$ 11$ 12$ 5otel. 13$ 5e usually ''''''' stay$ at the 5ilton 5otel when he"s in &ondon. ! ''''''' not8belong$ to a political party. 5urry7 #he bus ''''''' come$, ''''''' not8want$ to miss it. #he Siver >ile ''''''' flow$ into the 9editerranean. #he river ''''''' flow$ very fast today B much faster than usual. ''''''' it8ever8snow$ in !ndia4 3e usually ''''''' grow$ vegetables in our garden but this year we %< 6< (an you drive4 >o, but ! ''''''' learn$. 9y father ''''''' teach$ me. enFoy$ parties but ! '''''''

''''''' not8grow$ any.

?ou can borrow my umbrella. ! ''''''' not8need$ it at the moment. at a party$ ! usually '''''''

not8enFoy$ this one very much. Oeorge says he"s .2 years old but ! ''''''' not8believe$ him. Son is in &ondon at the moment. 5e ''''''' stay$ at the 5ilton

Past Simple and Present Perfect

Past Simple: &er' ( ed Past Simple is used: for actions which happened at a 1. Present Perfect: "a&e ( past participle Present Perfect is used: for actions which happened at an

1.

stated time in the past. #wo weeks ago.$ 2. to express a past state or habit. small flat.

unstated time in the past. know.$ 2. to express actions which have in the present. He has just $ainted the room. #he paint

He sold his car two weeks ago. 3hen4 He has sold his car. 3hen4 3e don"t

/hen she was young she li"ed in a finished so recently that there"s evidence

3.

is wet.$ for past actions which happened 3. for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. years. ,he still lives in this house.$ 6@#< 5e lived in %ustralia for one year.

one after the other. left the house.

She $ut on her coat! took her bag and She has li"ed in this house for two

4.

5e doesn"t live in %ustralia now.$ for a past action whose time is not 4. for a past action whose time is not present.

mentioned and it is not connected with mentioned but it is connected with the the present. I saw 0l"is 1resley. ! won"t see him I'"e met 2adonna. ! may meet her againA he"s dead. B period of time now againA she"s still alive. B period of time finished$ not finished yet$ Time ad&er's and e pressions used Time ad&er's and e pressions used !it" Past Simple: !it" Present Perfect: yesterday! last week#month#year# just! e"er! ne"er! always! already! yet! 2onday etc! ago! how long ago! just for! since! so far! how long! recently! now! then! when! in 1340 etc. today! this week#month#year! once! se"eral times etc. Special points for Past Simple and Present Perfect: Since is used to express a starting point. I'"e known 7nn since ,ctober.

5or is used to express a period of time. 6et is used in questions and negations. questions. 8ust 9 1resent 1erfect 8ust now9 1ast Sim$le

I'"e known 7nn for two months. Ha"e you met him yet: I ha"en't met I'"e already $osted the letters. I'"e just called the doctor. He left just now.

7lready is used in statements and him yet.

E ercise ). Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Present Perfect or Past Simple. 1. %$< 6$< 2. 3. 4. %$< 6$< %$< 6$< %$< Q$< 5ow long 1$ ha"e you had you 8 have$ your car4 ! 2$ ''''''' have$ it since (hristmas. ! 3$ ''''''' buy$ it 4$ ''''''' you 8see$ that film before4 ?es, ! )$ ''''''' see$ it when ! +$ ''''''' be$ in &ondon. 5ow long -$ ''''''' you8be$ ill4 ! .$ ''''''' be$ ill since ! 0$ ''''''' eat$ that meal. 3hen 12$ ''''''' %nn 8 move$ into her new house4 ,he 11$ ''''''' move$ in a month ago. ! 12$ ''''''' not 8

from my uncle.

visit$ her yet, but ! 13$ ''''''' arrange$ to meet her this week. E ercise +. *ill in Past Simple or Present Perfect. 9y best friend is called %lison. 3e 1$ ha"e known know$ each other since we 2$ ''''''' be$ five years old. 3e 3$ ''''''' always 8 share$ our problems and our troubles, but we 4$ ''''''' also8enFoy$ good times together and )$ ''''''' spend$ many hours laughing together. 3e +$ ''''''' live$ next door to each other before %lison -$ ''''''' move$ to &ondon. ! .$ ''''''' visit$ her many times since then. ,he 0$ ''''''' Fust 8 buy$ a new house but ! 12$ ''''''' not8see$ it yet. E ercise -. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Past Simple or Present Perfect. 1. %< &ast night ! saw see$ L#he 6odyguardL at the cinema.

6< 2. years4 6< 3. %< 6< %< he is dead now. 4. house. 6< %< ). %< 6< +. %< 6< -. .. 0. %< 6< %< 6< W< 6< %< 12. W< Q< %< %< %<

1h, ! 1$ ''''''' already 8 see$ it twice. Ho you know that 9rs /ones 2$ ''''''' work$ here for sixteen ! thought she 3$ ''''''' start$ working here ten years ago. 4$ ''''''' you 8 ever 8 meet$ anyone famous4 3ell, ! )$ ''''''' see$ /ane ;onda. Seally4 ! +$ ''''''' meet$ her father, 5enry ;onda, once. 6ut ?esterday ! -$ ''''''' leave$ the house and .$ '''''''

catch$ the train. #hen ! 0$ ''''''' realise$ that my keys 12$ ''''''' be$ in the 1h no7 #hat 11$ ''''''' happen$ to me before. 3hat 12$ ! 13$ ''''''' call$ the locksmith. ! 14$ ''''''' already 8 make$ the beds and ! 1)$ ''''''' Hon"t worry. ! 1-$ ''''''' do$ it yesterday. 5ow long ago 1.$ ''''''' you 8begin$ painting4 #en years ago. ! 10$ ''''''' recently 8 complete$ a painting 3hy are you so happy4 ! 21$ ''''''' Fust8pass$ my driving test7 22$ ''''''' you 8always8 have$ long hair, /ulie4 >o, when ! was young my hair 23$ ''''''' be$ very short. 1n 9onday my father 24$ ''''''' give$ me X22. #hat"s wonderful7 >o it isn"t. ! 2)$ ''''''' already 8 spend$ it. 3hat 2+$ ''''''' happen$4 3hy is the room full of smoke4 ! 2-$ ''''''' Fust8cook$ your dinner, dear. 3ell, !"m not that hungry.

''''''' you8do$4

Fust8sweep$ the floor, but ! 1+$ ''''''' not8start$ the ironing yet.

that the >ational Oallery 22$ ''''''' ask$ me to do a year ago.

T"e Passi&e
T"e passi&e is formed !it" t"e appropriate tense of t"e &er' to 'e ( past participle Acti&e Voice Passi&e Voice Present Simple 5e deli"ers letters. &etters are deli"ered. Past Simple 5e deli"ered the letters. #he letters were deli"ered. Present Perfect 5e has deli"ered the letters. #he letters ha"e been deli"ered. *uture Simple 5e will deli"er the letters. #he letters will be deli"ered. Past Perfect 5e had deli"ered the letters. #he letters had been deli"ered. Present Continuous 5e is deli"ering the letters. #he letters are being deli"ered. Past Continuous 5e was deli"ering the letters. #he letters were being Infiniti&e 0odals modal J be J past participle$ 1. 5e has to deli"er the letters. 5e may deli"er the letters. deli"ered. #he letters have to be

deli"ered. #he letters may be deli"ered. #he letters must be deli"ered.

5e must deli"er the letters. T"e Passi&e is used: when the agent K the person who 2. when the action is more important than events, reports, headlines, news items, and >0 $eo$le were killed in the earth?uake. church was built in 141=.

does the action$ is unknown, unimportant the agent, as in processes, instructions, or obvious from fie context. her.$ This unimportant agent$ He has been arrested. obviously by the police$ 3. to make more polite or formal 4. more polite$ 6ou ha"en<t cleaned the car. less polite$ C"an/in/ from Acti&e into Passi&e. #he obFect of the active verb becomes the subFect in the new sentence. to put emphasis on the agent. 8ane was shot. 3e don"t know who shot advertisements.

statements. The car hasn't been cleaned. The new library will be o$ened by the @ueen.

e.g.

1icasso $ainted that $icture.

#he active verb changes into a passive form and the subFect of the active verb becomes the agent. #he agent is introduced with by or it is omitted. e.g. That $icture was $ainted by 1icasso. %fter modal verbs 'will! can! must! ha"e to! should! may! ought to) we use be 9 $ast $artici$le. e.g. e.g. 6ou can use the machine for cutting bread. The machine can be used for cutting bread.

3ith verbs taking two obFects it is more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person. e.g. e.g. 'less usual) 3e put the agent K the person who does the action$ into the passive sentence only if it adds information. 3hen the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious it is omitted. %gents such as $eo$le in general$, they, somebody etc. are omitted. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. ;ell in"ented the tele$hone. The tele$hone was in"ented by ;ell. #he agent is not omitted because Somebody murdered him. He was murdered 'by somebody). unknown agent is omitted.$ The $olice arrested him. I sent her some roses. She was sent some roses. 'more usual) or Some roses were sent to her.

it adds information.$

He was arrested 'by the $olice). obvious agent is omitted.$

E ercise .. Put t"e &er's in 'rac,ets into Past Simple Passi&e. #wo men 1$ were seen see$ breaking into a house in my street last night. #he police 2$ ''''''' call$ and they arrived very quickly. 1ne man 3$ ''''''' catch$ immediately. #he other escaped, but he 4$ ''''''' find$ very soon. 6oth

men )$ ''''''' take$ to the police station where they +$ ''''''' question$ separately by a police officer. #he two men -$ ''''''' charge$ with burglary. E ercise 1. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. ). +. -. .. 0. 1. e.g. 2. 3. 4. ). +. -. .. #he gardener has planted some trees. Hoctor 6rown will give you some advice. % famous designer will redecorate the hotel. ,teven ,pielberg directed LR.#.L. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e. (olumbus discovered %merica. 3e keep money in a safe. % bee stung her. #hey speak !talian in !taly. #hey have taken his aunt to hospital. #he boys damaged the television. Ha :inci painted the 9ona &isa. 5e invited 32 people to his party. #hey grow bananas in %frica. Turn from Acti&e into Passi&e. ,omeone is helping her with the housework. She is being hel$ed with the housework. % pickpocket robbed me. ?ou must extinguish your cigarettes. #he mail*order company sent 9rs Oreen a parcel. ?ou must dry*clean this shirt. ,omeone will pay you within the next few days. ?ou can improve your health with more exercise. % dog is chasing the child. Re!rite t"e follo!in/ passa/e into Passi&e.

E ercise 12.

E ercise 11.

E ercise 1#.

,ome people saw a @;1 in the sky above &ondon last night. #hey reported it to the police. #he army sent a helicopter to look at it more closely. #he @;1 shot

the helicopter down and killed both men in it. Neople have given photographs of the @;1 to the police. Rxperts are looking at them now. E ercise 1$. Re!rite t"e follo!in/ passa/e in t"e Passi&e. ,omebody has stolen a bus from outside the school. ,ome children saw the thief. #he police are searching for the bus now. #hey will use the children"s descriptions to catch the thief.

Part 3 Su'4ect area ;Education and <earnin/=

Topic vocabulary in contrast take 8 pass prefect 8 pupil 8 student lesson 8 subFect read 8 study qualifications 8 qualities achieve 8 reach test8exam count 8 measure task 8 effort primary 8 secondary 8 high degree 8 certificate 8 know 8 recognise results colleague 8 classmate speak 8talk teach 8 learn Phrasal verbs catch on understand come a$round to$ be persuaded to change your mind about$ cross out draw a line through sth written dawn on if sth dawns on you, you realise it for the first time deal with handle, cope with drop out of$ leave school, etc before you have finished a course get at try to express get on with continue doing give in stop making an effort to achieve sth difficult keep up with stay at the same level as sail through do sth or deal with sth very easily set out explain, describe or arrange sth in a clear and detailed way think over consider Phrases and collocations attention pay attention to sth8sb$A attract sb"s$ attentionA break discussion exam homework idea draw sb"s$ attention to sth have8take a break from sth8doing$A lunch breakA tea breakA commercial breakA give sb a break have a discussion with sb$ about8on sth8doing take8do8have8pass8fail an examA sit for$ an exam do your homeworkA have homework to do$ question an ideaA have an ideaA bright ideaA

learn lesson mind

have no idea about$ have a lot to learn about sth8doingA learn how$ to do go to8have a lessonA double lessonA learn a8your lessonA teach sb a lesson make up your mind about sth8doing$A bear sth$ in mindA in two minds about sth8doingA change your mind about sth8doing$A cross your mindA to my mindA not$ mind if in my opinionA give8express your8an opinion of8about sth8doing$A hold8have an opinion of8about sth8doing$ pass sth over$ to sbA pass an exam8test8etcA pass a building8etc see8take sb"s point about sth8doing$A see$ the point in8of sth8doingA there"s no point in sth8doingA make a point of doing$ make sense of sthA it makes sense to do$A sense of humour8taste8sight8etc make8accept a suggestion Word patterns

opinion pass point

sense suggestion

able to do admire sb for sth8doing$ boast of8about sth8doing to sb$ capable of doing congratulate sb on sth8doing fail to do hope to doA hope that learn about sth8doingA learn to doA learn by doing settle for8on sth similar to sth8sb8doing study sthA for sth succeed in sth8doing suitable for sth8doingA suitable to do Y Word formation academy academic, academically attend attention, in$attentive ly$, attendance, attendant behave behaviour certify certificate, certified educate education, educator, educational ly$ fal failure, failing improve improvement, improved intense intensity, intensify, intensely

literate reason revise solve study teach think understand

illiterate, il$literacy, literature un$reasonable, un$reasonably, reasoning revision, revised solution, un$solvable student, studies, studious teacher, taught thought, un$thinkable, thoughtful, thoughtless mis$understanding, mis$understood, understandable understandably

E ercise 1. Topic &oca'ular6 in contrast. Complete using the correct form of the words in italics. $erfect $u$il student 1$ 2$ each class. 3$ 4$ )$ #he university accepts around 2222 new ''''''' every year. 3hen he finally graduated, :ictor felt he had ''''''' everything he #he work we"re doing now will make more sense when you ''''''' achie"e reach set out to do. the sixth form. teach learn +$ -$ 3ho ''''''' you how to play the drums like that4 ! would love to ''''''' a new language ! don"t know anything about, !n our school, most classes have about 3) ''''''' in them. Rvery year, two new ''''''' are chosen from the best students in

like ,wedish. high $rimary secondary .$ eleven. 0$ !n 6ritain, grammar schools, public schools and comprehensives are often referred to as ''''''' schools. (hildren in Rngland go to ''''''' school from the ages of five to

12$

%mericans usually refer to their secondary school as a '''''''

school, and there are often separate Funior and senior schools. degree certificate results 11$ passed. 12$ 13$ ! was so proud when my exam ''''''' finally arrived in the post. ! would prefer to go to university and do a ''''''' in astronomy, #he exam ''''''' come out today and !"m really nervous. ! hope !"ve

rather than start work. E ercise #. Topic &oca'ular6 in contrast. Choose the correct word. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ chemistry. )$ at first. +$ a stadium. -$ .$ 0$ ?ou"ll find plenty of books on the subject # lesson of business studies ?ou have to read # study hard in order to do well at university. &ook at what we did in today"s lesson and we"ll have a quick e%am # in the library. !n design and technology, we were given the effort # task of designing 1ur headteacher had had her hair cut and ! didn"t know # recognise her ! made a few mistakes in the exam and ! don"t think ! $assed # took it. !t"s not always easy to count # measure how intelligent someone is. Hid you know that our ;rench teacher can s$eak # talk four languages4 9y ?ualifications # ?ualities include a degree and an 9% in

test tomorrow morning. 1ur teacher asked us to choose one of our colleagues # classmates to be our partner for the next exercise. E ercise $. P"rasal &er's. Write one word in each gap. 1$ 2$ sure. 3$ Have didn"t understand what 9iss ,mith was getting ''''''', so he asked her to explain it again. /ust get ''''''' with Rxercise P and !"ll be back in a minute. 9y teacher says that ! should sail ''''''' the exam, but !"m not so

4$ )$ +$ -$

3e all tried to convince our teacher to change his mind about the !f you make a mistake, Fust cross it ''''''' with a single line. 6elinda missed a few months of school because of illness and found it #he other kids were making fun of me, but ! didn"t catch '''''''

school trip and he finally came '''''''.

difficult to keep ''''''' with her classmates. until ! heard them laughing. E ercise %. P"rasal &er's. Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Take the similar meaning in the P"rasal &er's section. 1$ set 2$ them4 o"er 3$ in 4$ deal )$ +$ out 1$ % pull 2$ 3$ % make % have dawned 3hy don"t ''''''' for a few days and then call them4 ?ou"ll never pass the exam if you Fust stop trying like that. ?ou"ll never pass the exam if you Fust ''''''' like that. 3hen he was at university, >ick Fust couldn"t handle all the work. >ick Fust couldn"t ''''''' at university. ! suddenly realised that ! had left my homework at home. !t ''''''' that ! had left my homework at home. Rd ''''''' after only one month because he was very lonely. !f you need to ''''''' the teacher"s attention, Fust put your hand up. Q attract Q solve Q do P capture P write P put H draw H do H make 9ake sure you ''''''' your homework before you go out. (ould ! ''''''' a suggestion4 3hy not have piano lessons4 Rd was very lonely at university and he left after only one month. #he ideas in your essay need to be organised better. ?ou need to ''''''' in your essay better. 3hy don"t you consider the college"s offer for a few days and then call

E ercise ). P"rases and collocations. Choose the correct answer.

4$ ready for it.

! really don"t ''''''' the point of taking the exam when you"re not Q see Q gap Q through P have P interval P over H mind H pause H in

% take )$ +$ -$ 9onday. % having .$ 0$ 12$ 11$ it. % my 12$ 13$ mark. % make 14$ % none #ewrite them correctly. 1$ 2$ % learning % around % from % make % break % under

!"ll meet you at the school gates during the lunch '''''''. Ho you think you could pass that book ''''''' to me, please4 9rs Hawson said that we are ''''''' our lesson in the library next Q making Q about Q to Q write P reading P for P at P take H going H from H in H answer

!n Rnglish yesterday, we had a discussion ''''''' different cultures. ''''''' my opinion, maths shouldn"t be a compulsory subFect. 3hen you ''''''' the exam tomorrow, try to stay calm and relaxed. 9y dad wants me to go to university, but !"m in ''''''' minds about Q two Q to learn P some P for learning H different H of learning

! still have a lot ''''''' about the Rnglish language. !f the examiner can"t ''''''' sense of your writing, you"ll get a low Q bring Q no P take P even H understand H not

! hadn"t studied, so when the teacher asked me ! had ''''''' idea.

E ercise +. Word patterns. "ach of the words in italics is incorrect. !"ve always admired our music teacher from being so patient. 9y new school is quite similar with my old one.

3$ 4$ )$ +$ media. -$ .$

9r 3ilkins congratulated me for passing the exam. !"d better go home and study on tomorrow"s test. !an is capable for doing very well this year if he works hard. #his course is suitable to students who are considering a career in the !f you don"t get into university, you"ll have to settle with art college. %fter six attempts, 6ill finally succeeded with passing his driving test.

E ercise -. Word patterns. Water has damaged part of this text from a diary. #ead it and decide what you think each of the original words was. Write these words. Hear Hiary 3ell, my first day at the new school is over. ! was able 1$ ''''''' make a few friends, although ! hope ! 2$ ''''''' meet more people tomorrow. ! met one girl ! didn"t like, who Fust boasted 3$ ''''''' her exam results and succeeded 4$ ''''''' annoying everyone. #he teacher asked me what !"d been learning )$ ''''''' at my other school and when ! told her, she said she failed +$ ''''''' see how ! would be able to catch up with the others. !"ll show her7 !"m Fust as capable -$ ''''''' doing the work as the others. !"m really going to study hard .$ ''''''' the test. E ercise .. Word formation. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary. 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ )$ +$ 6R5%:R$. ! wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the ''''''' Ho you think that you pay enough ''''''' %##R>H$ in class4 (ould you tell me what the ''''''' ,1&:R$ to number seven is4 9y dad said !"d better spend more time on my ''''''' ,#@H?$. ! would like to know what qualifications '''''''. #R%(5$ require in /oshua was suspended from school for a week for bad ''''''' ,(51&%S$4

your country.

-$ .$

! did six hours of ''''''' SR:!,R$ for the test, and ! still failed7 Nlease send photocopies of all your ''''''' (RS#!;?$ to us at the

address below. E ercise 1. Word formation. Complete the text by changing the form of the word in capitals. ;eing unable to read !t seems 1$ ''''''' #5!>I$ today not to provide children with a decent 2$ ''''''' RH@(%#R$.#here is such an emphasis on 3$ ''''''' %(%HR9?$ achievement these days that it"s easy to forget what a problem 4$ ''''''' &!#RS%#R$ used to be. 6eing unable to read can be )$ ''''''' !>#R>,R$ embarrassing and can make someone feel like a complete +$ ''''''' ;%!&$. ,omeone who can"t read is often -$ ''''''' @>HRS,#%>H$ afraid of certain situations. #he problem can seem .$ ''''''' ,1&:R$. 5owever, given the right teacher, a lot of hard work and a 0$ ''''''' SR%,1>$ amount of time, anyone can learn. 6eing able to read can lead to an 12$ ''''''' !9NS1:R$ quality of life.

Glossar6
take v$ pass v$ read v$ study v$ test n$ your $hysics test: exam n$ an important test of your knowledge, especially one that you take at school or university< I'm taking the e%am in 8une. to perform an action< I decided to take the e%am! to be successful in an examination or test, by to look at and understand words in a letter, book, to do work such as reading and homework< 6ou a set of written or spoken questions that is used for e"en though I knew I was going to fail. achieving a satisfactory standard< Eoyou think you'll $ass: newspaper, etc< I read a few cha$ters e"ery night. need to study hard if you want to $ass. finding out how much someone knows about a subFect< Eid you get a good mark in

primary adF$ secondary adF$ a lot of selfFconfidence. high Zschool[ adF$

relating to the education of children between the relating to the education of children between the

ages of about five and eleven< I really didn't want to lea"e my $rimary school. ages of 11 and 1+ or 1.< ,nce Ian went to secondary school! he really de"elo$ed in the @I, a school for children between the ages

of 11 and 1.A in the @,, a school for children between the ages of 14 and 1.< I hated high school because e"eryone was worried about being $o$ular. colleague n$ classmate n$ well with all my classmates. prefect n$ in some schools in the @I, an older student who controls the activities of younger students and helps them to obey the rules< 7t our school! the headmaster chooses the $refects at the start of each academic year. pupil n$ student n$ qualifications n$ ?ualifications. qualities n$ count v$ measure v$ positive features of a person"s character< /hat to calculate how many people or things there are in to find the exact si=e, amount, speed or rate of ?ualities do you most admire in others: a group< 7ll the "otes ha"e been counted. something< /e measured from the back of the house to the fence. someone who goes to school or who has lessons in someone who goes to a university, college or something such as a degree or a diploma that you a particular subFect< 7ll the $u$ils stood u$ as the head teacher entered the room. school< 8ennifer is one of my best students. get when you successfully finish a course of study< Simon left school with no someone who works in the same organisation or someone who is in your class at school< I get on department as you< 5riends and colleagues will remember him with affection.

degree n$ 0%eter Bni"ersity. certificate n$

a course of study at a university, or the

qualification that you get after completing the course< She's doing a degree at an official document that proves that you have

passed an examination or have successfully completed a course< Eoctors often $ut their certificates u$ in their offices to show that they are ?ualified. results n$ speak v$ s$eak -hinese: talk v$ talk yet: lesson n$ subFect n$ and biology! to arts subjects. achieve v$ achie"ed what we set out to do. reach v$ $ri"acy. task n$ information. effort n$ know v$ know Terry Ea"is: physical or mental energy needed to do something< to be familiar with someone or something, for /riting a book takes a lot of time and effort. example because you have met someone before or been to a place before< Eo you something that you have to do, often something that is difficult or unpleasant< .en began the difficult task of organising the to get to a particular point in time, or to a particular stage in a process< The children ha"e reached the age when they want more to succeed in doing or having something< /e ha"e a period of time in which students are taught about something that you learn or teach in a school, for a subFect in school< Eon't forget to bring your books to 2onday's lesson. example Rnglish, mathematics or biology< I $refer science subjects! like $hysics to speak, or to have a conversation< -an their baby the mark that a student gets in an examination< 6ou to be able to talk in a particular language< Eo you should get your e%am results ne%t week.

recognise v$ teach v$ difficulties. learn v$

to know someone or something because you have to help students to learn something in a school,

seen, heard or met them before< I recognised the house from your descri$tion. college or university by giving lessons< ,he teaches children with learning to gain knowledge or experience of something, for

example by being taught< /hat did you learn at school today: