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Contrastive / Counterpoint: each part of the poem presents a conflicting idea or different conception of the same reality.
Circular structure: the poem begins and ends in the same way.
!ome lines from the beginning of the poem may be repeated at the end to reinforce the structure. The content expressed does not change and the poem reverts to the initial statement.
"inear structure: different details, features or information are added in the various stan as.
#eleting any of the stan a would not alter the overall meaning of the poem.
POETIC VOICE
The attitude adopted by the poetic addresser $persona% in relation to the facts told. The poet creates a fictional identity that becomes the spea&er of the text. This fictional spea&er may be a direct participant or character in the poem, or simply an invisible voice producing the tone, state of mind, feeling, attitude, etc.
POETIC I
't stresses the spea&er(s function in the text by focusing on his/her personal opinions, feelings, thoughts. 't is associated with the expressive function of language. 't indicates sub)ectivity and intimacy. 'ts effect is that of a close relation or complicity with the reader.
POETIC YOU
't adopts the position of the receiver or addressee. 't focuses on the conative function of the language. !ometimes the *you+ merges or identifies with the reader, as a direct address. !ome of the themes associated with it might be: absence, love, appealing.
The spea&er does not participate from the events in the poem. The poem refers to external events or facts. 't stresses the content of the poem so that it fall under the referential function of language. 't produces a sense of distance and detachment. !ometimes associated with an ob)ective view and an impersonal approach to the poem(s sub)ect,matter.
LYRICAL PATTERNS
-epetitive: a single state of mind is repeated from stan a to stan a. .arrative: the poem tells a story in an ordered way/ from beginning to end. "ogical: the spea&er argues a case and comes to a conclusion.
%"rph"syn!a)!i) l(+(l
The linguistic elements follow the same order 't accelerates the rhythm of the composition 't provides rhythm and musicality 't has the effect of remembrance #ynamic sense by ascribing meaning to the
elements that are repeated. 4inary parallelism: same syntactic structure is repeated twice 5ultiple parallelism: same structure is repeated more than two times
C"rr(la!i+( s!r*)!*r(
The repetition is at the level of words having the same or similar meaning, or belonging to the same category The repeated items appear in the same order -epetition slows down the progression of the poem 't focuses on stressing the same contents
Ph"n"l".i)al l(+(l
5etre
.umber of stresses per line $9,:% ;oot: combination of stressed and unstressed
syllables in the line 'ambic pentameter: : stresses, : iambic feet $combination of 9 unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one%
!ound: repetition of sounds, either at the end of the line or within the line
S"*n' pa!!(rns
Rhyme: masculine $one,syllable rhyme%/ feminine $two, syllable rhyme% Assonance: last vocalic sounds $line / rhyme% 2lliteration: initial stressed consonant cluster within the same line $<nce was every woman the witch% Consonance: last consonant sound between lines $road / would/ that / thought% -everse -hyme: initial consonant and vowel sounds in the last stressed unit of the line $pig / pit/ tight / time% 6ararhyme: initial and final consonants in the last stressed unit of the line $seeds / sides/ tall / tale% 4lan& verse: no rhyme or sound pattern at the end of the line