Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By Mr. Panya Warapetcharayut Director of Automotive Air Pollution Section Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
panya.w@pcd.go.th
Outline
Number of Vehicles Sources of Air Pollution Control Strategy for Mobile Source Emission Standard for New Vehicles Emission Standard for In-Use Vehicles Fuel Reformulation Gasoline Vapor Recovery System Challenge Ahead
00000
00000
00000
00000
Economic Crisis
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000 0
19 96
19 98
19 99
20 00
20 03
19 97
20 01
20 02
20 04
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
25
Motorcycle Car
20
T H A I L A N D
Million Unit
Van&Pick Up
15
10
13.53%
Car
Motorcycle
2005(Mar)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Motorcycle Car
4 Million Unit
B A N G K O K
3.26%
0.26% 37.87%
Other
22.04%
36.56%
Motorcycle
2005(Mar)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
25
Motorcycle Van&Pick Up
20 Million Unit
R E G I O N A L
15
10
71.32%
0.70%
4.04%
Other
17.17%
Truck&bus
6.77% Van&Pick Up
Car
Motorcycle
2005(Mar)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2 Stroke
4 Stroke
Total
MOTORCYCLES
2 Stroke 4 Stroke
Percentage
60 40 20
100 80 60 40 20 0
1994 1995 1996
TIS. Level 4
2 Stroke 4 Stroke
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
36.3
1.4
4.1
PM
CO Mobile
HC Area
7%
CO
70%
20% 10%
HC
8%
62%
NOx
Gasoline
14% 3%
LDD
HDD
CO (tons) 134,311 (38.4%) 34,821 (10%) 68,331 (19.5%) 112,308 (32.1%) 349,771 (100%)
Motorcycles
HC (tons) 35,886 (15.4%) 15,749 (6.8%) 17,671 (7.6%) 163,677 (70.2%) 232,973 (100%) NOx (tons) 34,133 (12.9%) 65,836 (24.9%) 163,703 (61.8%) 976 (0.4%) 264,648 (100%) PM (tons) 701 (3.4%) 6,366 (30.9%) 10,663 (51.8%) 2,871 (13.9%) 20,602 (100%)
PM
52%
3.29 19.42 1.38 3.86 White Smoke Avg. (%) Over Std. (%) 21.3 0 12.23 0
Elements of a Comprehensive Control Strategy for Mobile Source Better Air Quality
Low Emissions
Clean Fuels
Appropriate Maintenance