Circles Equations

r Z

i) Find centre and radius of Circle 1 Given that the equation of Circle 1 is General Rule: Use completing the square method As for the x term, it remains as it is at its simplest form; eventually the equation of Circle 1 will result in =0 Group quadratic equations together similar unknowns are grouped as one. For e.g.1 the above equation will be group into and Complete each side and try to obtain a completed square form. = 0.

Since the general equation of all circles which allows easy identification of its centre coordinates and magnitude of the radius is , the centre of Circle 1 is (0,7) and the magnitude of the radius is 7 units. * The unknown a is the x-coordinate of the centre and the unknown b is the y-coordinate of the centre; the is the value of the radius squared. ii) Find equation of Circle 2 Part 1 * I introduced a new point which is Z. This has to be mentioned in the workings. A line that is perpendicular to the x-axis is drawn from B to touch the y-axis at point Z. This forms rightangled triangle ABZ. Let radius of Circle 2 be r 1

*Pythagoras theorem for triangle ABZ Part 2 By visualizing the entire image again, you will realise P is (0. 14) as it is twice of the radius; therefore, y-coordinate of B is 14 5 = 9 Furthermore, the length of PQ also symbolizes the x-coordinate for B which is Coordinates of B ( , 9) and radius is 5 units; use this information in the general equation as shown above to obtain the equation of Circle 2 - Do not need to expand. AZ = radius of Circle 1 radius of Circle 2 = (7 r) AB = radius of Circle 1 + radius of Circle 2 = (7 + r) Since PQ = ZB = = 49 + 14r + 140 = 28r; therefore r = 5 units and = (pythagoras theorem)

iii) Equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB Find gradient of AB, which is =

Find the perpendicular bisectors gradient by using the formula, m1m2 = -1 (each m represent either gradient) Therefore, gradient of perpendicular bisector is .

Midpoint of AB is found using the formula, Sub into the equation of the perpendicular bisector y = 8=C = 8 + 35 = 43

Therefore, equation of perpendicular bisector is y = Completing square method Given a general equation, , ensure that the value of a = 1 by factorizing out that value and subsequently affecting b and c also, if needed. If value of a = 1, the completed square general formula should be