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Index
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accumulated down slope 118 movement actions 39 advanced constitutive 83 model AIJ 135 amplification 100, 101, 104, 113, 177 angle of dilatancy 5 angle of shearing 3 resistance axial capacity 3 axial failure modes 114 axial load 80, 83, 84, 100, 138 axial modes of failure 84 axial pile failure 84, 85 mechanisms back-calculation base capacity base displacement base load base resistance bearing capacity bearing capacity factor bearing capacity failure bearing failure bearing layer bedrock bending 133, 140 6, 32, 166 6 87 3, 5 92 3 82, 95, 97 84, 95, 108, 187 87 35, 102 37 211

bending deformation bending failure bending moment bilinear approximation blasting bored piles boundary condition bridge piers buckling buckling instability buckling pile cast in-situ catastrophic failure cavity expansion centrifuge data centrifuge modelling cohesive crust combined action compaction piles concrete piles cone diameter cone resistance confining stress conservative design estimate consolidation constant stiffness co-seismic co-seismic group settlement cost

63 84, 156 76, 113, 148 105 85 6 144 21 15, 34, 108 33 32 8 15, 99 95 129 88 54 143 1 18 6 5, 6, 165 183 90 122 119 46, 49, 52 144 87 84

212 coupling stiffness CPT

Design of Pile Foundations in Liquefiable Soils 178 5, 8, 82, 165, 182 19 5, 165 8 5 133 152 123 83 62 81, 87 82, 185 143 31 82, 185 57 172, 179 142 35, 38 48 152 119 114 74, 165 81 5, 74 114 165 200 90 183 128, 135 147 88, 92 116 135, 142 down slope movement downward shaft friction driven ductile piles dynamic axial load dynamic centrifuge testing dynamic kinematic loads dynamic load dynamic response earth pressure co-efficient eccentricity effective length elastic behaviour elastic bending elastic deformation elastic method elastic soil continuum elastic-perfectly plastic elasto-plastic empirical methods end bearing piles end bearing pressure end bearing equilibrium equivalent linear pressure Euler Eurocode 8 excess pore pressure excess pore pressure distribution excess pore pressure ratio excess pore water pressures excessive settlement experimental data facial area 43, 118 88 8 153 145 157 139 40 41 4 47 175 153 34 106 153 44, 46 127 153 146 1, 84 6 8, 166, 168 119 128 33, 98 76 123, 139 105 80 21, 31 37, 82, 84 159 126

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cracking critical state friction angle critical depth critical depth of penetration cross-sectional shapes crust load CundallPyke hypothesis CYCLIC 1-D cyclic lateral loading cyclic mobility cyclic resistance ratio cyclic rocking cyclic shear stress cyclic stress ratio damping coefficient damping ratio dead load deep foundation deep zone deflection de-liquefaction shock wave demand dense sand dense, saturated sand densification depth of liquefaction design brief design procedure deterministic dilatancy index dilation discontinuities downdrag downhill down slope

Index factor of safety failure mechanism finite difference method finite permeability fixed headed pile fixity fixity condition fixity depth fixity length flexibility coefficient flexible flexibility flexible pile flexural bending flexural stiffness floating pile groups floating piles flowing ground force-displacement response foundation displacement foundation hazard foundation rocking Fourier components free field free field displacement free headed pile free to sway free-field soil response frequency response spectrum friction piles full dynamic response full fixity full scale instrumented pile gap gapping global equilibrium gradient of soil modulus ground displacements group pile behaviour 84, 87, 168 31, 33, 108 147 141 52 98 146 149 63 47 51, 177 175 148 34 50 84 1, 105 126 157 164 80 91 107 42, 52, 147 63 52 98 164 53 1 144 36 85 guidelines high seismicity hinge locations horizontal amplitude horizontal capacity horizontal displacement horizontal stiffness horizontal stresses horizontal sub-grade reaction horizontal interaction factor impedance function imperfections impermeability impermeable crustal layer importance class in-elastic settlement inertial force inertial kinematic load inertial load inertial response initial effective stress initial imperfections initial static dead load inner diameter instability instability load instability mechanism instantaneous rotational equilibrium instrumented piles interaction diagram interaction factor interface friction angle interfaces intermediate zone ISO23469

213 95 79 103 52 25 121 178 5 106 52

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56 100 158 151 79 87 89, 138 144 39, 48, 84, 136, 171 56, 191 80 101 142 78 84, 98, 113, 187 156 15 146 88 161 180 109 52, 155 48 9

22 50 152 176 18 154

214 jacked-in JRA

Design of Pile Foundations in Liquefiable Soils 8 15, 134, 136 27 39 89 42, 52, 180 12, 41, 43, 45, 48, 54, 78, 84, 138, 139, 171 51 9, 91, 165 9, 95 21 35, 40 34, 193 160 126 72, 126 103 11, 14, 19, 41, 43, 64, 72, 116, 124, 199 116 131 48 54, 159 159 41, 51, 80, 171 67, 70 68 73 118 144 150 62 136 limiting moment 153 limiting settlement 97 limiting shear force 153 linear elastic 44 linearly increasing 46, 49, 52 stiffness liquefaction 27 liquefaction 41, 43, 80, 116 liquefaction front 105 liquefaction-induced 190 bearing failure liquefaction-induced 80, 190 settlement liquefaction potential 182 liquefaction prone 85 liquefaction 82 susceptibility liquefiable 82 liquefied level ground 48 liquefied sloping ground 49 load phasing 138 locked-in stresses 6 long piles 50 loss of shaft friction 87 loss of strength 118 lower permeability 34 masonry superstructure maximum bending moment maximum crust load maximum moment micro-mechanical minimum base capacity mobilisation mobilised crustal load modes of pile failure modular ratio moment capacity moment distribution moment fixity moment loading moment restraint 28 69 157 149 81 95 40, 42, 85 163 31 110 161 153 63 72 63

Kandla Port kinematic kinematic forces kinematic interaction kinematic load

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kinematic response L1 earthquake L2 earthquake Landing Bridge lateral displacement lateral earth pressure lateral kinematic force lateral load lateral pressure lateral soil-pile reaction lateral spread

lateral spread displacement lateral stresses laterally loaded piles laterally spreading soil LE model level ground limit equilibrium analysis limit equilibrium of piles limit state limiting acceleration limiting conditions limiting equilibrium limiting horizontal displacement limiting lateral earth pressure

Index monotonic monotonic displacement monotonic response monotonic spreading MTD method natural frequency natural period near surface zone negative pore pressure spike neutral axis neutral plane Newmarkian sliding block Niigata earthquake nondimensional factor nonlinear loading nonlinear Winkler foundation nonliquefiable nonliquefiable crust nonliquefiable layer nonliquefied ground nonliquefied soil non-plastic silts normalised depth normalised lateral resistance normalised p-y curve observed deformation outer diameter over-consolidated clay overturning moment parabolic stiffness passive earth pressure passive failure passive pressure P - effect peak bending moment peak crust load 142 141 158 141 7, 168 42, 172 141 48 119 110 92, 94 116, 118 14, 18 151 44 104 82 34, 43, 54, 64, 70, 125, 139 12, 34, 74 19 33 172 55 55 64 118 78 26 146 46, 49, 52 40, 42, 71, 75 22, 26 12, 124 34, 69 132 140 peak cyclic displacement peak demand peak dynamic peak horizontal displacement peak inertia force peak inertial load peak response performance grade Perry Robertson phase transformation line PIANC pier-pile system pile bending moment pile cap pile capacity pile cap bearing capacity pile cap fixity pile cap rotation pile deflections pile deformation pile design pile diameter pile flexibility pile geometry pile group pile head fixity coefficient pile head shear force pile settlements pile tests plastic hinge

215 89 140 136 179 140 40 142 10, 38 100 64 9 25 131 92, 126, 200 170 87 149 40 113 16 136 6 50, 101 84 35, 48, 149 77

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144 89, 92 7 24, 31, 40, 72, 102 plastic moment capacity 24 plasticity based 133 solutions Poissons ratio 175 poor performance 99 pore pressures 131 post-buckling behaviour 103, 104

216 potential energy psuedo-static p-y analysis p-y curve p-y spring

Design of Pile Foundations in Liquefiable Soils 106 144, 150 58, 63, 64 44, 45, 59, 66 58, 144 7 7 56 98 24 106 113 88, 92, 93 103 120 63 130 56, 63 118 141 147 6 142 119 32 51 104 35, 98 150 54 74 58, 69 69, 92, 178 64 54 134 174 second moment of area seismic liquefaction semi-flexible serviceability criterion serviceability limit state settlement settlement of pile groups shaft shaft capacity shaft friction shaft resistance shallow foundations shear capacity shear failure shear force shear force distribution shear strength shear stress short piles Showa bridge silty sand simplified soil profiles single pile sinusoidal skin friction slender piles slenderness ratio sloping ground small-strain shear modulus smooth pile snap-through soft response soil compressibility soil density soil factor soil liquefaction soil modulus soil resistance soil-pile interaction soil-pile stiffness 78 90 51, 177 91, 166 9, 187 113 91 87 4 7, 32 8, 167, 168 80 161 84 76, 139, 140 153 119, 200 4, 169 50 14 165 44 147 85 4 101 98 33, 41, 43, 54, 64, 116, 192 172 64 148, 155 65 93 5 179 11 50 63 138 144

radial distance radial stresses radiation damping radius of gyration raked piles RayleighRitz method RC piles reconsolidation reference strain regression relative horizontal displacement relative soil-pile displacement relative stiffness relative velocity residual foundation displacement residual lateral response residual pressure residual response residual strength resistance rigid Riks algorithm rock-socketed piles rocking rotational interaction factor rotational restraint rotational spring rotational stiffness rough pile rough, square pile cap RTRI secant modulus

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Index SPT square piles stability of slope state of full liquefaction static design static equilibrium static lateral loading static stability steel tubular piles steeply sloping ground stick-slip motion stiff clay stiff response stiffening stiffness coefficient strain softening stress path sub-grade reaction superstructure load temporary stiffening tension cracks tension piles thickness of liquefiable layer three-hinged three-layered soil profile top-down transient kinematic load transient loads transition translation translational spring triangular distribution 82 133 125 119 84, 165 72 58 116, 119 113, 166 116 119 70 65 81 47 65 64 136 35, 69 64 22 1 121 36 199 81 144 124 84 63 58 128 two-layered soil profile t-z curve ultimate bearing capacity ultimate lateral resistance ultimate limit state ultimate limiting state uncertainty undrained undrained shear strength unstable unstable collapse unsupported upper bound upslope upward hydraulic gradient vertical equilibrium vertical settlements vertical strains water film Winkler spring yield yield moment Young's modulus of concrete Young's modulus of pile Young's modulus of soil

217 192 44, 45, 60 109 62 9 113, 187 85 175 55 118 84 31, 35, 98 69 142 81, 151

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32 35 93 147, 158 44, 46 153 153, 195 110 50, 78, 175 50, 77, 176