Important Outline -Wireless Networks DDPP 3573 Chapter 1 Fading and its challenges Definition of fading time variation

ion in signal amplitude at the receiver caused by characteristics of signal path and changes in it over short time intervals or distances. What caused fading? 3 factors as in slides Multipath propagation factors causing it. Multipath propagation effects o Multiple copies of a signal arriving at destination at different phases o Intersymbol interference Types of fading fast fading and slow fading Error compensation mechanisms for fading o Forward error correction o Adaptive equalization o Diversity techniques Chapter 2 Wireless LAN Definition or scenario of wireless LANs WLAN Applications o LAN extension Saves cabling cost and ease task of installation and modification Connectivity in buildings with large open areas eg manufacturing plants, stock exchange trading floors and warehouses Linking wired LAN to another separate server/host using wireless communication o Cross-building interconnect Eg pt to pt wireless link between 2 buildings o Nomadic access Mobility requires a wireless link between a LAN hub and a mobile data terminal Used in an extended environment such as campus or a business operating out of a cluster of buildings. o Ad-hoc networking Peer-to-peer communication set-up temporarily to meet some immediate needs Several diagrams on structure of WLAN for business network, home network and ad-hoc networking are discussed in class. Important to identify their differences and understand how they connect WLAN Requirements o Must meet the same requirements of any LAN such high capacity, ability to cover short distances, full connectivity among attached stations and broadcast capability

o Throughput o Number of nodes, WLAN may need to support hub=ndreds of nodes across multiple cells o Connection to backbone LAN (wired) o Service area of 100m to 300m o Battery powered consumption is important o Transmission robustness and security o Collocated network operation o License-free operation o Handoff/roaming o Dynamic configuration WLAN Technology o Infrared (IR) LANs o Spread spectrum LANs o Narrowband microwave IEEE 802 wireless standards o Need to understand parameters such as technique, band, type of modulation and transmission rate. Types of WLANs o BSS o ESS Need to understand and show how connection is made for communication between nodes in the same BSS and nodes in two BSS. Access method CSMA/CA and basic concept of MAC layer Requirement and design constraints of WLANs o Most important are throughput, efficiency, stability, fairness, low access delay (time between packet arrival and first attempt) and low transmission delay (time between packet arrival and successful delivery) and low overhead. o Overhead can result from per-packet overhead, collisions, or from exchange of control packets o Collisions can happen if MAC protocols allows two or more nodes to send packets at the same time. o Operation and performance of MAC protocol is heavily influenced by the properties of the underlying physical layer Bluetooth o Structure o Transmission technology