http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2_Ab8t9WObIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=basic+mec hanical+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rvfrUuevIcKUrgf6yoGwDA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q= basic%20mechanical%20system&f=false http://books.google.co.in/books?id=d6EHzUX-WHAC&pg=PA202&dq=basic+mechanical+sys tem&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vvfrUtrWPIfBrAflvYGIDQ&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=basic%20m echanical%20system&f=false http://books.google.co.in/books?id=CtT0fzwkMvUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=basic+mec hanical+systems+rajput&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SfjrUt72GsHArAfy6oGgDA&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=on epage&q=basic%20mechanical%20systems%20rajput&f=false http://books.google.co.in/books?

id=99GvViIOSuUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=elements+ of+mechanical+engineering&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZPjrUs2gBcyFrQfHsYD4Cg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v =onepage&q=elements%20of%20mechanical%20engineering&f=false One of the PHI bookshttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=QlYorohzY_AC&pg=PA563&dq=engineering+material +elements+of+mechanical+engineering&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_nrUrP2E9CqrAeciYDYBQ&ved=0CD AQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=engineering%20material%20elements%20of%20mechanical%20engin eering&f=false GTU bookhttp://books.google.co.in/books?id=Jj6Lq6zQJP4C&pg=SA14-PA1&dq=engineering+mater ial+elements+of+mechanical+engineering&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U_nrUrP2E9CqrAeciYDYBQ&ved= 0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=engineering%20material%20elements%20of%20mechanical%20en gineering&f=false

The rock has potential energy localized in it when you lift it up above the grou nd. Drop it and that PE changes to kinetic energy (energy of movement), pushing air aside as it falls (therefore spreading out the rock s KE a bit) before it hits the ground, dispersing a tiny bit of sound energy (compressed air) and causing a little heating of the ground it hits and the rock itself. The rock is unchange d (after a minute when it disperses to the air the small amount of heat it got f rom hitting the ground). But the potential energy that your muscles localized in by lifting it up is now totally spread out and dispersed all over in a little a ir movement and a little heating of the air and ground. [System: rock above grou nd, then on ground. Surroundings: air plus ground.] The iron atoms in a hot fryi ng pan are vibrating very rapidly (like dancing in place fast) and therefore the m otional energy in the hot pan is localized. That motional energy will spread out if it can. Whenever the less rapidly moving molecules in the cooler air of the room hit the hot pan, the fast-vibrating iron atoms transfer some of their energ y to the air molecules. The pan s localized energy thus becomes dispersed, spread out more widely to molecules in the room air. [System: pan. Surroundings: room a ir.] Iron in nails or other objects doesn t have to be hot (i.e., with very fast m oving atoms or molecules) to have localized energy within it in a chemical sense: Iron atoms plus oxygen molecules of the air have more energy localized within th eir BONDS than does iron rust (iron oxide). (That s why iron reacts with oxygen to release energy from their higher energy bonds and form the lower energy bonds i n iron oxide, with all that difference in energy being dispersed to the surround ings as heat i.e., the reaction is exothermic and makes molecules in the surroundi ngs move faster . But don't forget that even substances with lots of energy in t

heir bonds are hindered extremely! from immediately spreading out that energy. I t takes much energy to break the bonds just before or as they react, even though far more energy may be then given out as the result of the reaction as the new bonds form.) Therefore, even in moist air that speeds up the process, iron spont aneously (but not very rapidly) reacts with oxygen and each spreads out some of its bond energy to the surroundings when the iron and oxygen form iron oxide. [S ystem: iron and oxygen, iron oxide. Surroundings: the nearby air and any moistur e or salt in the air plus any object in contact with the rusting iron.]