Difference between Power T.C & Distribution T.

C April 8, 2011 2 Comments Difference between Power Transformer & Distribution Transformer: Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down application ( 00 k!, 200 k!, 110 k!, "" k!, ##k!$ and are generall% rated a&ove 200'!A( )istri&ution transformers are used for lower voltage distri&ution networks as a means to end user connectivit%( (11k!, "(" k!, #(# k!, 0!, 2#0!$ and are generall% rated less than 200 '!A(

Transformer Size / Insulation Level: Power transformer is used for the transmission purpose at heav% load, high voltage greater than ## *! + 100, efficienc%( -t also having a &ig in si.e as compare to distri&ution transformer, it used in generating station and /ransmission su&station (high insulation level( /he distri&ution transformer is used for the distri&ution of electrical energ% at low voltage as less than ##*! in industrial purpose and 0v-220v in domestic purpose( -t work at low efficienc% at 00-10,, small si.e, eas% in installation, having low magnetic losses + it is not alwa%s full% loaded(

Iron Loss & Copper Loss: Power /ransformers are used in /ransmission network so the% do not directl% connect to the consumers, so load fluctuations are ver% less( /hese are loaded full% during 2 hr2s a da%, so cu losses + iron losses takes place throughout da% the specific weight i(e( (iron weight$3(cu weight$ is ver% less (the average loads are nearer to full loaded or full load and these are designed in such a wa% that ma4imum efficienc% at full load condition( /hese are independent of time so in calculating the efficienc% onl% power &asis is enough( Power /ransformers are used in )istri&ution 5etwork so directl% connected to the consumer so load fluctuations are ver% high( these are not loaded full% at all time so iron losses takes place 2 hr a da% and cu losses takes place &ased on load c%cle( the specific weight is more i(e( (iron weight$3(cu weight$(average loads are a&out onl% 10, of full load and these are designed in such a wa% that ma4 efficienc% occurs at 10, of full load( As these are time dependent the all da% efficienc% is defined in order to calculate the efficienc%( Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the -2r loss can &e minimi.ed for a given power flow( /hese transformers are designed to utili.e the core to ma4imum and will operate ver% much near to the knee point of 6-7 curve (slightl% a&ove the knee point value$(/his &rings down the mass of the core enormousl%( 5aturall% these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i(e( the ma4imum efficienc% point where &oth the losses match$( )istri&ution transformers o&viousl% cannot &e designed like this( 7ence the all-da%-efficienc% comes into picture while designing it( -t depends on the

t%pical load c%cle for which it has to suppl%( )efinitel% Core design will &e done to take care of peak load and as well as all-da%-efficienc%( -t is a &argain &etween these two points( Power transformer generall% operated at full load( 7ence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal( 7owever, a distri&ution transformer is alwa%s online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time( 7ence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal( -n Power /ransformer the flu4 densit% is higher than the distri&ution transformer(

Ma imum !fficienc": /he main difference &etween power and distri&ution transformer is distri&ution transformer is designed for ma4imum efficienc% at "0, to 10, load as normall% doesn2t operate at full load all the time( -ts load depends on distri&ution demand( 8hereas power transformer is designed for ma4imum efficienc% at 100, load as it alwa%s runs at 100, load &eing near to generating station( )istri&ution /ransformer is used at the distri&ution level where voltages tend to &e lower (/he secondar% voltage is almost alwa%s the voltage delivered to the end consumer( 6ecause of voltage drop limitations, it is usuall% not possi&le to deliver that secondar% voltage over great distances( As a result, most distri&ution s%stems tend to involve man% 9clusters2 of loads fed from distri&ution transformers, and this in turn means that the thermal rating of distri&ution transformers doesn2t have to &e ver% high to support the loads that the% have to serve( All da% efficienc% : (;utput in *8hr$ 3 (-nput in *8hr$ in 2 hrs which is alwa%s less than power efficienc%(