Section 9.

1: Exercises 6, 12, 20, 28, 32, 50

6.) Explain why each graph is that of a function.

Each graph is that of a function because at each point in a graph we get a value for y
corresponding to a value for x. This is just the pictorial reflection of what we get in case of a
function.

Solve each system by substitution
12.) 11 5 4 = y x
5 2 = + y x

Solution
2x + y = 5
y = 5- 2x

Substituting in first equation
4x 5y = -11
4x 5(5-2x) = -11
4x 25 + 10x = -11
14 x = -11 + 25
14x = 14
x = 1

Therefore, we get :
So, y = 5-2x = 5 -2*1 = 3
x = 1, y =3






Solve each system by elimination.
20.) 23 4 = + y x
17 2 = y x

Solution
4x +y = -23 eq 1
x - 2y = -17.eq 2

Performing 2*eq 1 + eq 2 we get :

8x + 2y = -46
x 2y = -17
This Gives us :
8x + x = -46 -17
9x = -63
x = -7

So,
x 2y = -17
-7 -2y = -17
2y = 17-7 =10
y = 5

So, X = -7, Y =5



28.) 2
2 2
3
= +
y x

0
2 2
= +
y x

Solution
3x/2 + y/2 = -2
3x + y = -4 .eq 1

x/2 + y/2 = 0
x + y = 0 ..eq2

Performing eq 1 eq 2
3x + y = -4
(-)
x +
(-)
y =
(-)
0

3x x = -4
2x = -4
X = -2

So,
X + y = 0
-2 + y = 0
Y = 2

So, x = - 2, y = 2



Solve each system. State whether it is inconsistent or has infinitely many solutions. If the system has
infinitely many solutions, write the solution set and y arbitrary.
32) 5 2 3 = + y x
8 4 6 = + y x
Solution

3x + 2y = 5 .eq 1
6x + 4y = 8 .eq2
3x + 2y = 4 ..eq 2

This system is inconsistent as the coefficients of one equation does not match the other equations
coefficients


Solve each system.
50.) 2 3 4 = + z y x
15 5 3 = + x y x
14 4 2 = + + z y x
Solution
X -1
Y = 4
Z 2



Section 9.2: Exercises 4, 8, 10, 20, 32
Use the given row transformation to change each matrix as indicated.
4.)

3
4
2

7
1
5

(
(
(

(
1
2
6
; -6 times row 3 added to row 1
Solution

+
3
4
6 * 3 2

7
1
7 * 6 5

+

(
(
(

( +
1
2
6 * 1 6

3
4
16

7
1
37

(
(
(

(
1
2
0



Write each augmented matrix for each system and give its size. Do not solve the system.
8.) 0 4 3 2 4 = + z y x

0 7 4 5
0 7 5 3
= +
= + +
z y x
z y x


Solution

5
3
4

1
5
2

4
1
3

(
(
(

(
7
7
4




Write the system of equations associated with each augmented matrix. Do not solve.
10.)

5
4
2

0
3
1

4
0
3

(
(
(

(
11
10
12


Solution

0 12 3 2 = + + z y x

0 11 4 5
0 10 3 4
= + +
=
z x
y x



Use the Gauss-Jordan method to solve each of equations. For systems in two variables with infinitely
many solutions, give the solution with y arbitrary; for systems in three variables with infinitely many
solutions, give the solution with z arbitrary.
20.)
0 15 3
0 10 5 2
= +
=
y x
y x


Solution
Writing in augmented form

3
2

1
5

(

(
15
10

R1= R1

3
1

1
2 / 5

(

(
15
5

R2 3R1 = R2

0
1

2 / 17
2 / 5

(

(
0
5

2/17* R2= R2

0
1

1
2 / 5

(

(
0
5

R1 + 5/2 R2 = R1

0
1

1
0

(

(
0
5


So, X = 5, Y = 0


32.) 1 = + y x

2 2
0 2
= +
=
z y
z x


Solution
Writing in augmented form

0
2
1

1
0
1

2
1
0

(
(
(

(
2
0
1


R2 2R1 = R2

0
0
1

1
2
1

2
1
0

(
(
(

2
2
1


-1/2 *R2 = R2

0
0
1

1
1
1

2
2 / 1
0

(
(
(

(
2
1
1

R1 R2 = R1
R3 R2 = R3

0
0
1

0
1
0

2 / 3
2 / 1
2 / 1

(
(
(

(
3
1
0


2/3*R3 = R3

0
0
1

0
1
0

1
2 / 1
2 / 1

(
(
(

(
2
1
0

R1 + R3 = R1
R2 R3 = R2

0
0
1

0
1
0

1
0
0

(
(
(

2
2
1


So,
X = -1
Y = 2
Z = -2



Section 9.3: Exercises 6, 14, 18, 40, 52, 62, 74, 82
Find the value of each detriment.
6.)
1
0

5
2

Determinant = 5*0 2*1 = -2

Find the cofactor of each element in the 2
nd
row for each detriment.
14.) 2 -1 4
3 0 1
-2 1 4

Co factors for each of the elements in the 2
nd
row :-
For 3 = - (-1*4 1*4) = +8
For 0 = 2*4 (-2)*(4) = +16
For 1 = - (2*1 (-2)(-1) ) = 0


Find the value of each detriment.
18.) 2 1 -1
4 7 -2
2 4 0

Determinant = 2(7 * 0 - 4 *(-2)) - 4(1*0 ( 4) *(-1))+2(1 *(-2) - 7*(-1)) = 10

Solve each equation for x.
40.) 4 3 0
2 0 1 = 5
-3 x -1

Determinant = 4*(0*-1 x*1) 3(2*-1 (-3)*1) +0 = -4x -3
-4x 3 = 5
-4x = 8
X = -2


Use the determinant theorems to find the value of each detriment.
52.) 4 8 0
1 -2 1
2 4 3

Determinant = 4(-2*3-4*1)-1(8*3-4*0)+2(8*12*0) = -48




Use Cramers rule to solve each equation. If D = 0, use another method to determine the solution set.
62.) 4 2 3 = + y x
5 2 = y x
SOLN :

D = -7

D1 = 14

D2 = -7

X = D1/D 14/-7 = -2
Y = D2/D = -7/-7 = 1

74.) x + y + z 4 = 0
2x y + 3z 4 = 0
4x + 2y z + 15 = 0
SOLUTION:
D=17

D1 = -68

D2 = 51

D3=85

X= D1/D = -68/17 = -4
Y=D2/D = 51/17 = 3
Z = D3/D = 85/17 = 5

82.) 3x + 5y = -7
2x + 7z = 2
4y + 3z = -8
Here the determinant is 0, so we use Gauss Jordan Rule :


Section 9.5: Exercises 12, 22, 48
Give all solutions of each nonlinear system of equations, including those with nonreal complex
components.
12.) 9 6
2
+ + = x x y
2 2 = + y x
Using the value of y in eqn 2 we get :
X+ 2x
2
+12x+18 = -2
Or, 2x
2
+13x+20 = 0
Or, 2x
2
+8x+5x+20 =0
Or, 2x(x+4) + 5(x+4) = 0
Or, (2x+5)(x+4) = 0
Or, x = -5/2, -4
Therefore y = , 1

22.) 9 2
2 2
= + y x
27 4 3
2 2
= y x

Multiply eqn 1 by 2 to get : 18 4 2
2 2
= + y x
Adding eqn (ii) with eqn(i) we get : 5x
2
= 45
Solving this we get, X = (
+
-
3)
And putting the value of x in eqn (i) we get : Y = 0
Therefore, X=+-3 and Y=0


Solve each problem using a system of equations in two variables.
48.) Unknown numbers Find two numbers whose sum is 10 and who squares differ by 20.
Let the numbers be x and y
X + y = 10 .eq 1
X
2
y
2
= 20. Eq2
(x+y)(x-y) = 20
Since x+y =10, we replace it in the eqn : (x+y)(x-y) =20 , to get
10*(x-y) = 20
X-y = 2 . Eq 3

Now,
We add eqn1 and Eqn 3 to get :
Eq1 + eq 3

X+ y + X y = 10 - 2
2x = 12
X = 6

X + y = 10
Y = 10 x = 10-6 = 4


Section 9.6: Exercises 4, 32, 38
Graph each inequality.
4.) 4y 3x < 5



Graph the solution set of each system of inequalities.
32.) y x 3 4 + < 12
y + 4x > -4

SOLUTION :
X< 3-3y/4 and x> -1/4y -1


38.) x + y 9
x
2
y
SOLUTION :
X 9-y
X -y
2


Section 9.7: Exercises 6, 14, 22, 36, 52, 58, 66, 88

Find the values of the variables for which each statement is true, if possible.
6.)

6
2
5

0
3
4

x

(
(
(

(
5
8
9
=

+
+
6
4
3
z
y

0
3
2

(
(
(

(
w
8
9


X-4 = 2 . Therefore x = 6
Y+3 = 5 . Therefore Y = 2
Z+4 = 2 . Therefore Z = -2
W = 5 . Given

Find the size of each matrix. Identify any square, column, or row matrices.
14.)

4
9

1
6

(

(
8
2


Size = 2*3. It is neither a row or a column or a square matrix.


Perform each operation when possible.

22.)

8
9

(

(
2
4

+
4
3

(

(
7
2
= 6 6
-12 9


36.)
(
(
(
(

+
+
+

(
(
(
(

+
+

n m
a k
x z
y k
n m
a k
x z
y k
2 4
6 4
5 2
6 5
2 4
5 2
3 6
8 4
=

Find each matrix product when possible.


-k -14y
4z -8x
-2k -a
-8m 4n
52.)

7
1

(

(
2
6
0
5
=





58.)

2
7

(

(
28
0

2
3 2

(

6
7
=



Given A =

3
4

(

(
1
2
, B =

3
0
5

(
(
(

7
2
1
, and C =

0
5

3
4

(

(
6
1
, find each product when possible.
66.) AC
Yes it is possible and the solution is :
4*-5 -2*0 4*4-2*3 1*1-2*6 = -20 10 -8
3*-5+1*0 3*4+1*3 3*1+1*6 -15 15 9

A =

21
11
a
a

(

(
22
12
a
a
, B =

21
11
b
b

(

(
22
12
b
b
, and C =

21
11
c
c

(

(
22
12
c
c
, where all the elements are real numbers.
Use these materials to show each statement is true for 2 x 2matrices.

88.) A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C (associative property)
B+C = b11 + c11 b12+c12
b21+c21 b22+c22

-1*6 + 5*2 4
7*6 0*2 = 42

7*23+ 0*2 7*-7 + 0*6 221 -7
2*23 + 28*2 2*-7 +28*6 = 4(7+3) 107



A+(B+C) = a11+b11+c11 a12+b12+c12
a21+b21+c21 a22+b22+c22



A+B = a11+b11 a12+b12
A21+b21 a22+b22


a11+b11+c11 a12+b12+c12
(A+B)+C = a21+b21+c21 a22+b22+c22

Therefore , (A+B)+C = A+(B+C)