E Colours Introduction (www.lactose.co.

.uk) No, these are nothing to do with the internet or cyberspace such as e-commerce, e-shopping, e-banking and the rest. These are a never-ending list of numbers representing colours, preservatives, additives and other agents that are listed along with ingredients on most packaged foods. The E- stands for E (European ommunity) and these numbers have been tested for safety and been passed for use in the E . Numbers without an E in front are allowed in the !" but may have not been passed for use in all E countries. #n the !$ a different system is used which includes numbers instead. %espite their safety pass by the E a few people suffer from allergic reactions to some of them, whether natural or synthetic. The E numbers are helpful to these people because they can easily see whether the food contains an additive to which they are allergic. &any people feel that additives are sometimes used when there is no real need for them - for e'ample, food colouring, but most additives have a useful role. (or e'ample, preservatives help to prevent spoilage of food so that foods can be stored safely for longer. )elow is a list of all e-numbers one finds on European produced food. The same numbers may be used in other countries as well. COLOURS (E*++-E*,*) -isit http.//www.lactose.co.uk Number Name E100# E101# ur cumin Comments orange-yellow colour0 derived from the root of the curcuma (turmeric) plant, but can be artificially produced0 used in cheese, margarine, baked sweets and fish fingers

1iboflavin, 1iboflavin- 3-itamin )43 and colour0 occurs naturally in greenveges, eggs, milk, liver and kidney0 23-phosphate used in margarine and cheese (%6 7ellow No.20 known to provoke asthma attacks (though the !$ (%899 do not recognise this) and urticaria (nettle rash) in children (the !$ (%899 estimates *.*+ +++)0 also linked to thyroid tumours, chromosomal damage, urticaria (hives) and hyperactivity0 tartra5ine sensitivity is also linked to aspirin sensitivity0 used to colour drinks, sweets, :ams, cereals, snack foods, canned fish, packaged soups0 banned in Norway and 8ustria (%6 7ellow No.*+0 used in lipsticks hair products, colognes0 also in a wide range of medications0 cause dermatitis0 banned in 8ustralia, !$8 and Norway yellow colour0 the >8 $=9 recommends to avoid it0 people who suffer 8sthma may also show an allergic reaction to it0 typical products are soft drinks0 banned in 8ustralia and !$8 (%6 7ellow No.@0 used in cereals, bakery, sweets, snack foods, ice cream, drinks and canned fish0 synthetic0 also in many medications including )erocca, Aolaramine, -entolin syrup0 side effects are urticaria (hives), rhinitis (runny nose), nasal congestion, allergies, hyperactivity, kidney tumours, chromosomal damage, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food0 seen increased incidence of tumours in animals0 banned in Norway red colour0 made from insects0 rarely used0 the >8$ =9 recommends to avoid it red colour0 coal tar derivative0 can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin0 typical products are confectionary, mar5ipan, :elly crystals0 banned in $weden, !$8, 8ustria and Norway (%6 1ed No.40 derived from the small herbaceous plant of the same name0 used in cake mi'es, fruit-flavoured fillings, :elly crystals0 can provoke asthma, ec5ema and hyperactivity0 it caused birth defects and foetal deaths in some animal tests, possibly also cancer0 banned in the !$8, 1ussia, 8ustria and Norway and other countries (%6 1ed No.B0 synthetic coal tar and a5o dye, carcinogen in animals, can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin0 banned in !$8 6 Norway (%6 1ed No.C0 red colour used in cherries, canned fruit, custard mi', sweets, bakery, snack foods0 can cause sensitivity to light0 can increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to hyperthyroidism, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in *DD+0 banned in Eanuary *DD+, but not recalled by the !$ (%8990 banned in Norway

E102

Tartra5ine

E104 E107

;uinoline 7ellow 7ellow <=

E110#

$unset 7ellow ( (, ?range 7ellow $

E120#

ochineal, arminic acid, armines 85orubine, armoisine

E122

E12

8maranth Aonceau B1, ochineal 1ed 8 Erythrosine

E124

E127

E12!

1ed 4=

)anned in 8ustralia and many other places e'cept !" (%6 1ed No.B+0 ?range-red colour used in sweets, drinks and condiments, medications and cosmetics, synthetic0 introduced in the early eighties to replace amaranth which was considered not safe due to conflicting test results0 allura red has also been connected with cancer in mice0 banned in %enmark, )elgium, (rance, =ermany, $wit5erland, $weden, 8ustria and Norway )anned in 8ustralia, !$8 and Norway (%6 )lue No.4, commonly added to tablets and capsules0 also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods, confectionary, biscuits, synthetic coal tar derivative0 may cause nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic reactions. )anned in Norway (%6 )lue %ye No.*0 used in dairy products, sweets and drinks, synthetic usually occurring as aluminium lake (solution) or ammonium salt0 banned in )elgium, (rance, =ermany, $wit5erland, $weden, 8ustria, Norway green colour occurs naturally in all plants0 used for dyeing wa'es and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics

E12"

8llura red 8

E1 1 E1 2#

Aatent blue #ndigotine, #ndigo carmine

E1 E140 E141 E142

)rilliant blue ( ( hlorophylis, hlorophyllins

opper comple'es of chloropyll and olive colour, no adverse effects are known chlorophyllins =reen $ green colour0 synthetic coal tar derivative0 used in canned peas, mint :elly and sauce, packet bread crumbs and cake mi'es0 banned in$weden, !$8 and Norway dark brown colour made from sucrose0 the >8 $=9 recommends to avoid it. used in oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles see E*2+(a) see E*2+(a) see E*2+(a) coloor0 coal tar derivative0 used in brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mi'es0 banned in %enmark, 8ustralia, )elgium, (rance, =ermany, $wit5erland, $weden, 8ustria, !$8, Norway black colour, charcoal pigment0 used in :ams, :elly crystals, liFuorice0 only the vegetable derived variety permitted in 8ustralia, banned in the !nited $tates banned in !$8

E1#0$a% Alain caramel E1#0$b% austic sulphite caramel

E1#0$c% 8mmonia caramel $ulphite ammonia E1#0$d% caramel E1#1 E1# # E1#4 E1## )rilliant )lack )N, )lack AN -egetable carbon )rown ("

brown colour, coal tar and a5o dye0 used in chocolate cake mi'es0 can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin0 also known to induce skin )rown >T ( hocolate) sensitivity0 banned in %enmark, )elgium, (rance, =ermany, $wit5erland, $weden, 8ustria, !$8, Norway arotene, alpha-, beta-, gammaorange-yellow colour0 human body converts it to 3-itamin 83 in the liver, found in carrots and other yellow or orange fruits and vegetables red colour0 derived from a tree ()i'a orellana)0 used as a body paint, fabric dye, digestive aid and e'pectorant0 used to dye cheese, butter, margarine, cereals, snack foods, soaps, te'tiles and varnishes0 known to cause urticaria (nettle rash), the >8 $=9 recommends to avoid it avoid it, banned in some countries red coloured carotenoid found in tomatoes and pink grapefruit, can cause decreasing risk of cancer

E1&0$a%#

8nnatto (8rnatto, E1&0$b%# 8nnato), bi'in, norbi'in Aaprika e'tract, E1&0$c%# capsanthin, capsorubin E1&0$d%# Gycopene E1&0$e%#

)eta-apo-,3-carotenal orange colour, no adverse effects are known ( C+)

Ethyl ester of betaE1&0$'%# apo-,3-carotenic acid orange colour, no adverse effects are known ( C+) E1&1$b% Hanthophylls - Gutein E1&1$(%# Hanthophylls antha'anthin yellow colour derived from plants, naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks yellow colour possibly derived from animal sources (retinol)0 the pigment is found in some mushrooms, crustacea, fish, flamingo feathers

E1&2 E1& E170# E171 E172 E17 E174 E17# E1!0 E1!1

)eetroot 1ed, )etanin purple colour derived from beets0 no adverse effects are known 8nthocyanins alcium carbonate Titanium dio'ide #ron o'ides and hydro'ides 8luminium $ilver =old Gatolrubine )" Tannic acid, tannins violet colour matter of flowers and plants0 seems safe mineral salt, used in toothpastes, white paint and cleaning powders0 may be derived from rock mineral or animal bones0 sometimes used to deacidify wines and firm canned fruit and veg.0 to'ic at 3high doses3 white colour used in toothpaste and white paint, pollutes waterways0 no adverse effects are known black, yellow, red colour used in salmon and shrimp pastes0 to'ic at 3high doses3 avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries clarifying agent in alcohol0 derived from the nutgalls and twigs of oak trees0 occurs naturally in tea

9 >yperactive hildren $upport =roup (>8 $=) 99 (ood and %rug 8dministration IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation. )RESER*+,I*ES (E4++-E4D+) Number E200 E201 E202 E20 Name $orbic acid $odium sorbate Aotassium sorbate alcium sorbate Comments either obtained from berries or synthesised from ketene0 possible skin irritant no known adverse effects no known adverse effects no known adverse effects also known as flowers of ben5oin, phenlycarbo'ylic acid, carbo'yben5ene0 added to alcoholic beverages, baked goods, cheeses, gum, condiments, fro5en dairy, relishes, soft sweets, cordials and sugar substitutes0 used in cosmetics, as an antiseptic in many cough medications and an antifungal in ointments0 can cause asthma, especially in those dependant on steroid asthma medications, is also reputed to cause neurological disorders and to react with sulphur bisulphite (444), shown to provoke hyperactivity in children0 obtained from )en5oin, a resin e'uded by trees native to 8sia used as antiseptic, as a food preservative and to disguise taste, as of poor-Fuality food0 orange soft drinks contain a high amount of it, upto 42mg per 42+ml0 also in milk and meat products, relishes and condiments, baked goods and lollies0 used in many oral medications including 8ctifed, Ahenergan and Tylenol0 known to causes nettle rash and aggravate asthma people with a history of allergies may show allergic reactions. for using see 4*+ see 4*4

E210#

)en5oic acid

E211

$odium ben5oate

E212 E21 E214 E21# E21& E217 E21! E21" E220

Aotassium ben5oate alcium ben5oate $odium ethyl phydro'yben5oate Aropyl phydro'yben5oate $odium propyl phydro'yben5oate &ethyl phydro'yben5oate $odium methyl phydro'yben5oate $ulphur dio'ide

Ethyl p-hydro'yben5oate avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries possible contact allergen avoid it, banned in some countries allergic reactions possible, mainly affecting the skin avoid it, banned in some countries derived from coal tar0 all sulphur drugs are to'ic and restricted in use (in !$8, (%899 prohibits their use on raw fruits and vegetables), produced by combustion

of sulphur or gypsum0 known to provoke asthma attacks and difficult to metabolise for those with impaired kidney function, also destroys vitamin )*0 typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, :uices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products E221 E222 E22 E224 E22# E22& E227 E22! E2 0 E2 1 E2 2 E2 E2 4 E2 # E2 & E2 7 E2 ! E2 " E24" $odium sulphite $odium metabisulphite Aotassium sulphite alcium sulphite alcium hydrogen sulphite Aotassium hydrogen sulphite )iphenyl, %iphenyl ?rthophenyl phenol $odium orthophenyl phenol Thiabenda5ole Nisin Natamycin (ormic acid $odium formate alcium formate decontaminating agent used in fresh orange :uice0 see 44+ treating agent, see 44+ see 44+ avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries see 44+ banned in some countries0 can be used for agricultural purposes0 typical products are citrus fruit banned in some countries0 can be used for agricultural purposes0 typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potatoe, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines see 4C* banned in some countries, can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, meat, milk antibiotic derived from bacteria0 found in beer, processed cheese products, tomato paste mould inhibitor derived from bacteria0 sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis0 can cause nausea, vomiting, anore'ia, diarrhoea and skin irritation0.typical products are meat, cheese avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries colour fi'ative and curing agent for meat0 nitrites can effect the body3s ability to carry o'ygen, resulting in shortness of breath, di55iness and headaches0 potential carcinogen0 not permitted in foods for infant and young children may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions, potentially carcinogenic, restricted in many countries, can combine with chemicals in stomach to form nitrosamine, the >8 $=9 recommends to avoid it also used in the manufacture of nitric acid, as a fertiliser and in fermented meat products (see 42+) may be derived from waste animal or vegetable matter0 used in gunpowder, e'plosives and fertilisers, and in the preservation of meat0 may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions0 potentially carcinogenic0 restricted in many countries (see 4BD) main component of vinegar, synthetically produced from wood fibres0 used in pickles, chutneys, and sauces food acid0 should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function0 typical products are sauces, pickles $odium hydrogen sulphitesee 44+ Aotassium metabisulphite see 44+

>e'amethylene tetramine avoid it, banned in some countries Aotassium nitrite

E2#0 E2#1

$odium nitrite $odium nitrate

E2#2#

Aotassium nitrate

E2&0 E2&1 E2&2 E2& E2&4 E270#

8cetic acid Aotassium acetate

$odium acetate, $odium food acid, acidity regulator0 no known adverse effects diacetate alcium acetate 8mmonium acetate Gactic acid food acid, acidity regulator0 by product in the manufacture of wood alcohol0 used to make acetic acid (vinegar) and in the production of dyers mordants can cause nausea and vomiting food acid, acidity regulator0 produced by heating and fermenting carbohydrates in milk whey, potatoes, cornstarch or molasses0 difficult for babies to metabolise0 used in sweets, dressings, soft drinks (sometimes beer) infant formulas and

confectionary all propionates are thought to be linked with migraine headaches0 propionates occur naturally in fermented foods, human perspiration and ruminants digestive tract, also can be derived commercially from ethylene and carbon mono'ide or propionaldehyde or natural gas or fermented wood pulp0 produced when bacteria decompose fibre0 commonly used in bread and flour products0 may be linked to migraines, typical products are flour products see 4,* see 4,* propellant, coolant, derived from lime manufacture0 may increase the effect of alcohol0 typical products are wine, soft drinks, confectionary derived from fruit or synthetic0 infants and young children should avoid it derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis or from the fermentation of glucose with fungi0 can be used to flavour, acidify, as an antio'idant or raising agent used in soft drinks and cake mi'es

E2!0

Aropionic acid

E2!1 E2!2 E2! E2"0 E2"& E2"7

$odium propionate alcium propionate Aotassium propionate arbon dio'ide &alic acid (umaric acid

9 >yperactive hildren $upport =roup (>8 $=) 99 (ood and %rug 8dministration IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation. +CI-S. +N,IO/I-+N,S. 0INER+L S+L,S (E4D@-EC,2) Number Name E 00 E 01 E 02 E 0 E 04 E E E E 0&. 07. 0!. 0" 8scorbic acid $odium ascorbate alcium ascorbate Aotassium ascorbate 8scorbyl palmitate, 8scorbyl stearate Comments flour treating agent, 3vitamin 30 may be made synthetically from glucose, naturally occurs in fruit and vegetables0 added to products as diverse as cured meat, breakfast cereals, fro5en fish and wine sodium salt of vitamin vitamin , may increase the formation of calcium o'alate stones potassium salt of vitamin fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid, same function as EC++

3vitamin E30 found in many vegetable oils, including soy, wheat germ, rice germ, Tocopherols, cottonseed, mai5e0 works as an antio'idant for fatty acids and tissue fats, preventing alpha-,gamma-,deltavitamin 8 from o'idation0 used in margarine and salad dressings used to prevent rancidity in oily substances0 derived from nutgalls0 may cause gastric or skin irritation, gallates are not permitted in foods for infants and small children because of their known tendency to cause the blood disorder, methaemoglobinemia0 used in oils, margarine, lard and salad dressings, sometimes used in packaging see C*+ see C*+ produced from sucrose produced from EC*< petroleum based0 the >8 $=9 recommends to avoid it. &ay cause nausea, vomiting, delirium. 8 dose of 2g is considered fatal. Typical products are fats, oils, margarine petroleum derivative, retards spoilage due to o'idation0 used in edible oils, chewing gum, fats, margarine, nuts, instant potato products, polyethylene food wraps0 not permitted in infant foods, can provoke an allergic reaction in some people, may trigger hyperactivity and other intolerances0 serious concerns over carcinogenicity and estrogenic effects, in large doses caused tumours in lab animals, banned in Eapan in *D2,, official committees of e'perts recommended that it be banned in the !", however due to industry pressure it was not banned, &c%onald3s eliminated )>T from their !$ products by *D,@, see also )utyl compounds petroleum derivative0 see EC4+

E 10 E 11 E 12 E 17 E 1! E 1"

Aropyl gallate ?ctyl gallate %odecyl gallate Erythorbic acid $odium erythorbate Tert)utyl>ydro;uinone (T)>;)

E 20

)utylated hydro'yanisole ()>8)

E 21

)utylated hydro'ytoluene ()>T)

E 22#

Gecithins

emulsifier derived from soy beans, egg yolks, peanuts, corn or animal resources0 non to'ic but overdose can upset the stomach, kill the appetite and cause profuse sweating0 used to allow combination of oils in margarine, chocolate, mayonnaise, milk powder0 must be chosen vegetable type derived from milk (lactic acid)0 may contain pork rennin or whey in process, young children with lactose intolerance may show adverse reactions see C42 see C42 see C42 see C42 food acid, naturally derived from citrus fruit, used in biscuits, canned fish, cheese and processed cheese products, infant formulas, cake and soup mi'es, rye bread, soft drinks, fermented meat products food acid0 no known adverse effects food acid0 no known adverse effects food acid0 no known adverse effects in small Fuantities food acid, obtained from unripe fruit, grape :uice0 no known adverse effects in small Fuantities food acid0 no known adverse effects food acid0 no known adverse effects food acid0 no known adverse effects food acid, derived from phosphate ore0 used in cheese products0 no known adverse effects mineral salt, used as a la'ative and a fi'ing agent in te'tile dyeing0 high intakes may upset the calcium/phosphorus eFuilibrium mineral salt found in rocks and bones0 used in medicines as an antacid and polishing agent in enamels essential mineral, anticaking agent found in salt substitutes no known adverse effects no known adverse effects no known adverse effects no known adverse effects seems safe food acid from the root adipose (pertaining to fatK) no known adverse effects avoid it, banned in some countries food acid, salt of fumaric acid (derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis) no known adverse effects no known adverse effects avoid it, banned in some countries vitamin )C0 naturally occurs in bean, pea and other legumes, milk, egg, meat, poultry, and fish0 at doses in e'cess of *,+++ mg per day can cause liver damage, diabetes, gastritis, eye damage, and elevated blood levels of uric acid (which can cause gout)0 at amounts as low as 2+-*++ mg may cause flushing (harmless but painful), headache, and stomach-ache especially if taken on an empty stomach may interfere with liver and pancreas function essential mineral, food acid derived from citric acid0 used as a dietary iron supplement in breakfast cereals and dietary formulas avoid it, banned in some countries

E 2## E 2&# E 27# E 2!# E 2"# E E E E E E E E E E 4 # & 7 ! " 0 1 2

$odium lactate Aotassium lactate alcium lactate 8mmonium lactate &agnesium lactate itric acid $odium citrates Aotassium citrates alcium citrates Tartaric acid $odium tartrates Aotassium tartrates $odium potassium tartrate Ahosphoric acid $odium phosphates

E 40 E 41# E 4 E #0 E #1 E #2 E # E #4 E ## E #7 E & E &# E && E &7 E 70

Aotassium phosphates see CCD alcium phosphates &agnesium phosphates $odium malates Aotassium malate alcium malates &etatartaric acid alcium tartrate 8dipic acid Aotassium adipate $uccinic acid $odium fumarate Aotassium fumarate alcium fumarate *,B->eptonolactone

E 7#

Niacin

E !0 E !1 E !#

Tri-ammonium citrate 8mmonium ferric citrates alcium disodium

E%T8 9 >yperactive hildren $upport =roup (>8 $=) IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation.

*E1E,+2LE 1U0S. E0ULSI3IERS. S,+2ILISERS etc. (EB++-EBD2) Number Name E400 E401 E402 E40 E404 E40# E40& 8lginic acid $odium alginate Aotassium alginate 8mmonium alginate alcium alginate Aropylene glycol alginate 8gar Comments thickener and vegetable gum, derived from seaweed0 used in custard mi', cordial, flavoured milk, ice blocks, thickened cream and yoghurt0 no known adverse effects in small Fuantities, large Fuantities can inhibit the absorption of some nutrients see B++ see B++ see B++ see B++ thickener and vegetable gum, derived from petroleum0 see separate entry thickener and vegetable gum derived from red seaweed0 sometimes used as a la'ative, found in manufactured meats and ice cream a fibre e'tracted from seaweed, it has recently been linked with cancer because it may become contaminated when ethylene o'ide is added to an inferior product, this results in ethylene chlorohydrins forming, a highly carcinogenic compound0 linked to to'ic ha5ards, including ulcers and cancer0 the most serious concerns relate to degraded carrageen, which is not a permitted additive0 however, native carrageen an, which is used, may become degraded in the gut derived from arob or Gocust bean tree Ceratonia siliqua0 used in lollies, cordials, essences, some flour products, dressings, fruit :uice drinks0 freFuently used as a caffeine-free chocolate substitute0 may lower cholesterol levels derived from the seeds of Cyamoposis tetragonolobus of #ndian origin0 fed to cattle in the !$0 can cause nausea, flatulence and cramps, may reduced cholesterol levels resin form the tree Astragalus gummifer0 used in foods, drugs including nasal solutions, eli'irs and tablets0 also used as a binder in cosmetics0 possible contact allergy derived from the sap of Acacia Sengal0 easily broken down by the human digestive system0 possible allergen, soothes irritations of mucous membranes derived from the fermentation of corn sugar with a bacterium derived from the tree Sterculia urens0 often used in con:unction with arob (E B*+), in ice cream, custard and sweets, as a filler for its capability to multiply its volume by *++ times with the addition of water0 possible allergen derived from the Tara bush, Caesalpinia Spinosa is indigenous to Ecuador and Aeru and is grown in "enya artificial sweetener and humectants0 derived from glucose, either obtained from berries or synthesised0 used in lollies, dried fruit, pastries, confectionary, low calorie foods, pharmaceutical syrups and ophthalmic preparations and is the seventh most widely used preservative in cosmetics0 not permitted in foods for infants and young children, can cause gastric disturbance artificial sweetener and humectants0 derived from seaweed or the manna ash tree0 possible allergen, not permitted in infant foods due to its ability to cause diarrhoea and kidney dysfunction, also may cause nausea, vomiting0 typical products are low calorie foods humectants and sweetener0 oily colourless alcohol0 derived by decomposition of natural fats with alkalis0 usually as a by-product of soap making using animal fat or vegetable oil0 can be obtained from petroleum products sometimes synthesised from propylene or fermented from sugar0 used in fle'ible coatings on sausages and cheeses, also in crystallised and dried fruit, liFueurs and vodka. I=lycerine has been shown to protect against %N8 damage induced by tumour promoters, ultraviolet lights and radiation, presumably via free radical scavengingI0 large Fuantities can cause headaches, thirst, nausea and high blood sugar levels. Typical products are liFuors, confectionary, dried fruit, low calorie foods K

E407

arrageenan

E410

Gocust bean gum

E412

=uar gum

E41 E414 E41# E41& E417

Tragacanth 8cacia Hanthan gum "araya gum Tara gum

E420

$orbitol

E421

&annitol

E422#

=lycerol

E4 0#

E4 1# E4 2# E4 #

Aolyo'yethylene stearate Aolysorbate 4+ Aolysorbate ,+ Aolysorbate B+ Aolysorbate @+ Aolysorbate @2

K avoid it, banned in some countries emulsifiers derived from animal fatty acids0 used as synthetic flavourings, surfactants, defoaming agents and dough conditioners0 may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances avoid it, banned in some countries see BCC see BCC naturally occurring in the skins of apples0 used to thicken :ams, :ellies and sauces0 large Fuantities may cause temporary flatulence or intestinal discomfort no known adverse effects possible allergen, may contain 44+, asthmatics and people allergic to sulphites bewareL no known adverse effects >igh intakes may upset the calcium/phosphate eFuilibrium anti-caking agent0 no adverse effects known can cause flatulence, distension, intestinal obstruction avoid it, banned in some countries no known adverse effects no known adverse effects no known adverse effects no known adverse effects avoid it, banned in some countries

E4 4# E4 ## E4 &#

E440$a% Aectin E440$b% 8midated pectin E441# E442 E4#0 E4&0 E4&1 E4& E4&4 E4&# E4&& E4&" E470# E471# E472# E47 # E474# E47## E47&# E477# E47!# =elatine 8mmonium phosphatides %iphosphates ellulose &ethyl cellulose >ydro'ypropyl cellulose >ydro'ypropyl methyl cellulose Ethyl methyl cellulose arbo'y methyl cellulose, $odium carbo'y methyl cellulose $odium caseinate (atty acids salts

&ono 6 di glycerides of fatty no known adverse effects acids (atty acid esters of glycerides $ucroglycerides Aolyglycerol esters of fatty acids Aropylene glycol esters of fatty acids K no known adverse effects

$ucrose esters of fatty acids no known adverse effects avoid it, banned in some countries no known adverse effects

Aolyglycerol polyricinoleate no known adverse effects derived from petroleum0 no known adverse effects K K

Thermally o'idi5ed soya bean oil interacted with E47"$b%# mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E4!0 E4!1# E4!2# E4! # E4"1# E4"2# E4" # E4"4# E4"## %ioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate

awaiting results of studies

$odium stearoyl-4-lactylate no known adverse effects alcium stearoyl-4-lactylate no known adverse effects $tearyl tartrate $orbitan monos tearate $orbitan tristearate $orbitan monolaurate $orbitan mono-oleate $orbitan monopalmitate avoid it, banned in some countries no known adverse effects may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries

IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation.

&#NE18G $8GT$, 8NT#- 8"#N= 8=ENT$ (E2++-E2,2) Number Name E#00 E#01 E#0 E#04 E#07 E#0! E#0" E#10 E#11 E#1 E#14 E#1# E#1& E#1! E#1" E#24 E#2# E#2& E#27 E#2! E#2" E# 0 E# # E# & E#40 E#41 E#42# E#44 E#4# E##1 E##2 $odium carbonates Aotassium carbonates 8mmonium carbonates &agnesium carbonate >ydrochloric acid Aotassium chloride alcium chloride 8mmonium chloride &agnesium chloride $ulphuric acid $odium sulphates Aotassium sulphates alcium sulphate &agnesium sulphate opper sulphate $odium hydro'ide Aotassium hydro'ide alcium hydro'ide 8mmonium hydro'ide &agnesium hydro'ide alcium o'ide &agnesium o'ide $odium ferrocyanide Aotassium ferrocyanide %icalcium diphosphate $odium aluminium phosphate, 8cidic )one phosphate alcium polyphosphates $ilicon dio'ide alcium silicate Comments no known adverse effects in small Fuantities no known adverse effects irritant to mucous membranes medically used as an antacid and la'ative safe in small Fuantities large Fuantities can cause gastric ulceration derived from brine should be avoided by people with impaired liver or kidney function. Typical products are flour products magnesium is an essential mineral avoid it, banned in some countries may upset the body3s water balance no known adverse effects derived from limestone a la'ative essential mineral avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries no adverse effects in small Fuantities avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries safe in small Fuantities avoid it, banned in some countries no adverse effects known by-product of coal gas production0 low to'icity avoid it, banned in some countries avoid it, banned in some countries derived from bones0 used in dried milk for coffee machines avoid it, banned in some countries no adverse effects are known in food use derived from limestone and diatomaceous earth (the silicified skeletons of diatoms, a single celled plankton), antacid0 no known adverse effects avoid it, banned in some countries has been linked to stomach cancer, typical products are polished rice, chocolate, confectionary used in salt, dried milk substitutes and flours0 aluminium is known to cause placental problems in pregnancy and has been linked to 8l5heimer3s no known adverse effects possibly of animal origin0 see stearates no known adverse effects in food use no known adverse effects

8mmonium polyphosphatesavoid it, banned in some countries

E## $a% &agnesium silicates E## $b% Talc E##4 E##& E##! E##" E#70# E#72# E#7# $odium aluminium silicate

alcium aluminium silicate derived from minerals0 used in milk powders0 see E22B )entonite $tearic acid &agnesium stearate =lucono delta-lactone 8luminium silicate ("aolin) no known adverse effects

E#7& E#77 E#7! E#7" E#!#

$odium gluconate Aotassium gluconate alcium gluconate (errous gluconate (errous lactate

avoid it, banned in some countries no known adverse effects no known adverse effects colour-retention agent0 derived from iron and glucose0 used in olives, iron supplements0 safe in small amounts K

IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation. 3L+*OUR EN4+NCERS (E@4+-E@B+) Number Name E&20# =lutamic acid Comments flavour enhancer, salt substitute0 amino acid present in many animal and vegetable proteins, derived commercially from bacteria0 might cause similar problems as &$=(@4*), young children should avoid it flavour enhancer derived from the fermentation of molasses, salt substitute0 adverse effects appear in some asthmatic people, not permitted in foods for infants and young children0 typical products are canned vegetables, canned tuna, dressings, many fro5en foods can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps0 typical products are low sodium salt substitutes

E&21

&onosodium glutamate (&$=) &onopotassium glutamate &onoammonium glutamate &agnesium diglutamate =uanylic acid %isodium guanylate alcium guanylate %isodium inosinate alcium inosinate %isodium 23ribonucleotide &altol Ethyl maltol

E&22 E&2 E&24 E&2# E&2& E&27 E&2" E& 1# E& E& ##

alcium diglutamate salt substitute, no known adverse effects salt substitute, no known adverse effects salt substitute, no known adverse effects may trigger gout isolated from sardines or yeast e'tract0 may trigger gout, not permitted in foods for infants and young children may trigger gout may be prepared from meat or sardines0 may trigger gout, not permitted in foods for infants and young children may trigger gout may be associated with itchy skin rashes up to C+ hours after ingestion0 rashes may vary from mild to dramatic0 the reaction is dose-related and cumulative, some individuals are more sensitive than others0 typical foods include flavoured chips, instant noodles and party pies0 avoid it, banned in some countries derived from the bark of larch trees, pine needles, chicory wood, oils and roasted malt0 it may be produced synthetically derived from maltol

E& & E& 7 E&40#

=lycine 6 its sodium K salt

IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation. 0ISCELL+NEOUS (ED++-E*24+)

Number Name E"00 E"01# E"0 E"04# E"0## E"07# E"1 # E"20# E"21# E"24 E"2# E"2& E"27 E"2! E" 1 E" 2 E"#0 E"#1# E"#2 %imethyl polysilo'ane )eeswa'es arnauba wa' $hellac

Comments silicone based gla5ing agent, used to wa' fruit0 see bee products0 occasionally causes allergic reactions derived from a $outh 8merican palm0 used in cosmetics and inks, and to wa' fruit0 occasionally causes allergic reactions derived from insects0 occasionally causes irritations of the skin

may inhibit absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins, mild la'ative, there may be a Aaraffins, &icrocrystalline link to bowel cancer0 used on sweets, in processing yeast, vitamin tablets, dried wa' fruit, confectionary, collagen 1efined microcrystalline wa' Ganolin G- ystein G- ystin Aotassium bromate hlorine hlorine dio'ide 85odicarbonamide )en5oyl pero'ide Nitrogen Nitrous o'ide 8cesulphane potassium 8spartame yclamic acid avoid it, banned in some countries derived from sheep wool flour treatment agent derived from animal hair and chicken feathers see ED4+ large Fuantities can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain. Typical products are flour products destroys nutrients, carcinogen, in some areas tab water is contaminated with it, to make it 3safer3 to drink. Typical products are flour products well.....basically see D42 avoid it, banned in some countries approved by (%89 for bleaching the carotenoids in refined flours0 asthmatics and people with a history of allergies )EM81E, see 4*+ used in free5ing and vacuum packing0 seems safe seems Fuite safe in small Fuantities K artificial sweetener, too many adverse effects possible to list, some people are allergic to aspartame, migraine headaches a common reaction in these people calcium 6 sodium cyclamate, artificial sweetener0 known to cause migraines and other reactions, can be carcinogenic, caused damage ot rats testicles and mouse embriyos in tests, banned in the !$ and !" due its links with cancer calcium 6 sodium saccharin0 artificial sweetener derived from toluene (a known carcinogen)0 banned in *D<< in the !$, but reinstated sub:ect to strict labelling starting. I!se of this product may be ha5ardous to your health, this product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancer in laboratory animalsI artificial sweetener, a protein derived from the tropical plant Thaumococcus danielli0 used to sweeten wines, bread and fruit humectant, starch decomposed with digestive en5ymes0 used in confectionery, dried fruits, low-:oule foods0 la'ative in high concentrations humectant, found in raspberries, plums, lettuce and endives, though produced for commercial purposes from wood pulp0 caused kidney stones and a diuretic effect on test rats. a waste of time and the lives of the rats, for the EE( 8 in *D,C ruled the tests invalid in relation to humans, the symptoms caused by 3physiological disturbances3 in the ratsL, we can only imagine what conditions led to upset rats0 used in low-:oule foods and carbohydratemodified sweets, icecream and :ams foaming agent, emulsifier, natural surfactant0 derived from chilean soap bark tree (Quillaia Saponaria)0 used in beer and soda0 known to promote healing and reduce e'cessive oiliness in the skin derived from mould mushroom or pig pancreas seems safe in small doses dispersing agent, coating for tablets0 used in artificial sweeteners clarifying agent for wine, colour and colloidal stabiliser no known adverse effects

E"#4

$accharines

E"#7 E"&#

Thaumatin &altitol, >ydrogenated glucose syrup

E"&7

Hylitol

E""" E1100# E1200 E1201 E1202 E14005 E14#0

;uillaia e'tract 8mylase Aolyde'trose Aolyvinylpyrrolidone Aolyvinylpolypyrrolidone $tarches

E1#0# E1#10 E1#17. E1#1!#

Triethyl acetate Ethanol =lycerol acetates

part becomes alcohol in the body alcohol humectants and solvent derived from glycerol0 used to coat fresh fruit in the !$ humectants, wetting agent, dispersing agent, petroleum based0 its glycerine like taste has made it popular for children3s medications and other eli'irs0 used in many topical creams and ointments, cosmetics, hair products and deodorants0 has been linked with fatal heart attacks (when given intravenously), central nervous system depression and cosmetic or pharmaceutical contact dermatitis

E1#20

Aropylene glycol

9 (ood and %rug 8dministration IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation.

UNNU02EREName 8lbuminJ 8mbergrisJ 8rachidonic acidJ 8ronia 8spartic acidJ )etaineJ )iotin derived from whale derived from liver, brain, animal origin gland or oil derived from aronia arbutifolia0 used as a taste e'pander in :elly, pudding, powdered deserts, yoghurt, milk deserts, creams, homogenised cheeses, confectionery products, crispy cakes, fruit creams, ice-creams and instant beverages derived from aspartame (see ED2*) derived from oil colourless crystalline growth vitamin of the vitamin ) comple' found especially in yeast, liver, and egg yolk0 no side effects are known, it is being tested an alkaloid that e'ists naturally in tea, kola nut and coffee0 clearly to'ic in high doses, can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, vomiting, convulsions, headache, diarrhoea, freFuent urination, dehydration, insomnia, stomach cramps, hand tremors, muscle twitches0 acts as la'ative, also saps the body3s supply of calcium0 used as a mild stimulant in moderation phosphoprotein of milk, which has a molecular structure that is e'tremely similar to that of gluten0 celiac people have to avoid derived from cattle liver spice made from bark0 may be allergic cancer in animals0 used for dying skins of oranges derived from cat natural essential oil steamed-distilled from clove buds (sy ygium atmaticum)0 may be allergic animal origin tissue Comments

affeine

asein atalaseJ holesterinJ innamon itrus 1ed No.4 ivetJ love )ud ?il olin bitartrateJ ollagenJ En5ymeJ ErythritolJ

produced through a fermentation process that begins with de'trose (a simple sugar derived from corn starch), also derived from calf stomach0 used as a sweetener for beverages and confectionery products a perfumed artificial vanilla flavouring, it is C */4 times more powerful than the real thing and cheaper too, this e'plains why manufacturers like to use it in soft drinks, ice creams and baked goods0 generally recogni5ed as safe # %irect )lue 2C contact dermatitis bladder tumours it is an allergen0 not permitted to use for foods contact dermatitis this carbohydrate and simple sugar (monosaccharide) occurs naturally in honey and fresh fruits0 commercial bakers use it in cakes, breads and cookies to make them brown better # )asic contact dermatitis a naturally occurring substance in the body, made in the liver from glucose, helps to stimulate the metabolism and thus helps to deto'ify the body0 also occurs in plants, mainly in gums0 also an important constituent of fibrous and connective tissues in all animals components of fats0 used to stabili5e sausages, lard, vegetable oils, margarines and shortenings, the most widely used of them is monoglyceride citrate, although the (%89 imposes strict limits wheat is the first consideration0 it is a ma:or ingredient in breads, rolls, pastry, cakes,

Ethyl -anillin Evans )lue

(%6 =reen No.C (ast =reen (%6 1ed No.*+4 New occine (%6 7ellow No.**

(ructose =entian -iolet -iolet No.C

=lucuronolactone, =lucuronic acidJ =lycerides =lycogenJ =liadin

cookies and most baked products0 noodles macaroni and spaghetti are typically made with wheat0 celiac people have to avoid =uaiacol >ormoneJ cereal gluten0 glutens are proteins found in the plant kingdom subclass of monocotyledonae (monocots)0 these plants are members of the grass family of wheat, oat, barley, rye and triticale and their derivatives, (derivatives include. malt, grain starches, hydrolysed vegetable/plant proteins, te'tured vegetable proteins, grain vinegars, soy sauce, grain alcohol, flavourings and the binders and fillers found in vitamins and medications.)0 celiac people have to avoid, celiac disease (also known as celiac sprue or gluten!sensiti"e enteropathy) is a chronic disease in which malabsorption of nutrients is caused by a characteristic lesion of the small intestine mucosa0 used in smallgoods, packaged convenience foods, gravies and many canned products. #t is also present in e'cipients in pharmaceutical preparations, particularly vitamin and mineral supplements same as #$% derived from nail or hair has been used for decades in compounded products as an e'pectorant

>ydroly5ed -egetable Arotein (>-A)

>ydroly5ed Alant Arotein (>AA) "eratinJ Gipid, GipoidJ Gysin-GJ Gysin-%GJ

same as erythritol natural, comple' carbohydrate, it is not a simple sugar (de'trose, fructose, sucrose etc.)0 can be derived from potato or corn starch0 used in food industry such as sweets, drink, bear, ice cream, preserved fruit, milk powder, malted mild, cake, biscuit and bread, as well as in medicine, te'tile, printing and dyeing, paper making, casting and petroleum drilling0 generally recogni5ed as safe crystalline alcohol that occurs especially in mint oils, has the sharp fragrance and cooling properties of peppermint0 may be allergic derived from protein contact dermatitis derived from cells cheese yeast derived from calf stomach

&altode'trin, &dltrin

&enthol &etionineJ Neutral 1ed NucleNc acidJ ?leamine, ?leic acidJ 1ennetJ ?'ysterinJ Aalmitic acidJ AanthenolJ AepsinJ

essential amino acid0 the body uses it to produce some hormones (epinephrine& norepinephrine& thyro'ine& cholecystokinin) and melanin, (a brown skin pigment)0 cholecystokinin causes suppression of the appetite (this may be useful to sports people Ahenylalanine, Ahenylanine who need to reduce body fat or maintain a certain weight)0 pain relieving effects of phenylalanine may be of use to athletic people who e'perience pain due to muscle, ligament, :oint and tendon in:ury, inflammation and spasms which commonly result from intense e'ercise Ahenylephrine AhospholipideJ AolypeptidesJ Aoly-inylAolyAyrrolidone, A-AA ArogesteroneJ $alicylate ;uinine dihydrochloride, ;uinine sulfate salt of salicylic acid0 used in candies, pies, soft drinks and sweet rolls to'ic alkaloid e'tracted from the bark of chinchona tree0 used as flavourings in carbonated beverages (primarily bitter lemon and tonic water), bitters and as a treatment for malaria0 side effects are headache, nausea, ringing in the ears and blurred vision0 (%8 strictly limits the amounts of it that can be used white powder added to beer for removing phenolic compounds, then beer is clear and has long shelf life decongestant which helps relieve nasal congestion0 used in pharmacy0 side effects are nausea, stomach upset, loss of appetite, nervousness, restlessness, di55iness, headache, chest pain, rapid heart rate, an'iety, fear, difficult or painful urination and sleeplessness cheese yeast

Taurine

nonessential amino acid0 produced by synthesis of the amino acids methionine and cysteine in the liver, vitamin )@ helps the process0 diabetic and hypoglycaemic patients should use taurine under medical supervision as it may have an effect on insulin activity, e'cessive consumption of taurine may result in diarrhoea and peptic ulcer formation a source of vitamin )*0 functions as a coen5yme in energy metabolism, keeps appetite, digestive tract and nervous system healthy0 adverse effects in high doses are headache, irritability, rapid pulse, trembling and weakness very effective preservative that contains mercury and has been used in some vaccines and other products0 (%89 estimates that it is used in more than C+ licensed vaccines and biologics0 mercury is e'creted from the body over time0 nervous system is very sensitive to all forms of mercury, methyl mercury and metal vapours are more harmful than other forms, e'posure to high levels of metallic, inorganic or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys and developing foetus, effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing and memory problems high-protein derived from wood sugars as a by-product of the pulping process in paper making0 type $ is used in baby food and cereals, type ( is used in feed supplements for cattle, fish and chickens0 allergen for hay fever and asthma essential element for humans0 naturally occurs in meat (especially liver), fish (especially shellfish), lentils, green leafy vegetables, whole cereals (including wheat germ), brewer3s yeast, cheese, milk, nuts, sunflower and sesame seeds0 to'ic doses of 5inc cause vomiting, diarrhoea, restlessness, stomach irritation, depressed immune function and anaemia0 e'cessive 5inc doses may decrease the level of >%G (IgoodI) cholesterol and increase the risk for heart disease

Thiamine

Thimerosal

Torula

Oinc

9 (ood and %rug 8dministration IJI 8dditives which probably or definitely animal (mostly pig) derivation. 3or more details 6isit 7778lactose8co8u9