Lawrence - Performance Analysis of An Operational Metering Station Using Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Performance Analysis of an Operational Metering Station using Ultrasonic Flowmeters
2009 Operations Conference & Exhibition David L. Lawrence Convention Centre Pittsburgh, May 19 to 21
Copyright 2006 - 2009. Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group
AGENDA
The Metering System Present Phase Methods Results Measurement Uncertainty Summary and Conclusions
19.05.2009 M.Bragg, Copyright 2006 2009. Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group
The Metering System .

Reference to the standards & recommendations documentation: 1988 AGA Gas Measurement Manual, Design of Meter Regulator Stations, Part Nine 1999 NEN-EN 1776 Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations - Functional requirements Address both axial and non-axial components of flow Multipath Metering configurations A FC may be used, but consideration to swirl should be given during the design phase Cross-over deployed (i) L-config., and (ii) Z-config.

AGA manual does not address USM, FC, measurement uncertainty, or bypass configurations 1999 NEN-EN 1776 Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations Functional requirements: USM reference to an ISO document; 12765 now at status withdrawn Use of FC Measurement uncertainty Bypass configurations (maintenance) No document references the Cross-over series meter check using either the L or Z-configuration

Recent project based on real-life metering systems and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) where the individual meter transit-times are compared to the CFD modelling to increase confidence of the data and further reduce the uncertainty Component parts standards:
GAS METER Turbine Meter STANDARD GAS PROPERTY STANDARD Compressibility SGERG88 SGERG91 MGERG AGA NX 19 AGA 8 ISO 6976 ISO 6974 ISO 10723 ASTM 1945 ISO 6976 GPA 2145 GPA 2172 AGA 10 AGA 10 AGA 7 ISO 9951 EN 12261 Ultrasonic Meter AGA 9 ISO 17089 (DIS) EN 14236 Orifice Plate AGA 3 ISO 5167 Conversion Device EN 12405
Base Conditions Composition
Calorific Value
Speed-of-sound Specific Heat
Field Verification and Validation of an Energy Measurement System after: Herwijn, 2008.

In summary it can be shown that: Manuals & standards do not totally reflect what is current within the gas industry Metering systems employing the cross-over series check configuration are growing in number A standard uncertainty budget has not been proposed specifically written for the above
Present Phase
Analysed a metering system in: Normal operating conditions Cross-over series meter check Meter run with and without a FC Identify significant events Derive recommendations for metering station designs: Identify future project work Use CFD to model flow Determine the basis of an enhanced uncertainty calculation model
Methods
2 Microphones in Line # 2 - UP / DN of USM 1 Microphone in Line # 1 - DN of USM in cross-over tee-piece
15D between upstream valves and meter inlet
LINE #1 no FC LINE #2 with FC Cross-over Series Check
Pressure Delta: 10 Bar / 145 PSI Qmax: 22 mps / 72 fps
OUTLET
7D
INLET
60
Flow Meter
Flow Regulating Valves
Paper page 5/20
Flow Conditioner * Varied location
6dB attenuation with FC at 5D down of tee-piece
Readings from Microphones used for Valve Weighting Factor Nv
P+T and Flow readings connected remotely to a flow computer

Results
Metering system at 50% flow through Lines # 1 and 2 at 6 Barg Delta: Typical normal conditions
Signal - Line One 50% flow 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 50 150 250 350 450 550 650 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 50 150 Scaled 1A 250 350 450 550 Scaled 1B 650 Signal Line Tw o 50% flow
Scaled 1A
Scaled 1B
SNR 9.90:1
Swirl
SNR 8.68:1
9
Results .
Metering system at 100% flow through Lines # 1 and 2 in a cross-over series meter check configuration at 10 Barg Delta
Line One Signal flow 100% in series dP 10 bar 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 50 150 250 350 450 550 650
Receive Signal Blue is A & Yellow is B signal
Noise signal arrives prior to receive signal
Scaled 1A
Scaled 1B
SNR 9.96:1
Swirl
10
Results .
Metering system at 100% flow through Lines # 1 and 2 in a cross-over series meter check configuration at 10 Barg Delta
Line Tw o Signal flow 100% in Series dP 10 bar 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 50 150 250 350 450 550 Scaled 1B 650
Readings were not reliable during this test
Scaled 1A
SNR 6.09:1
11
Results .
Debris in pipe section
Station Shutdown Line # 2
Gate valve used in design
12
Results .
CFD Modelling Detailed modelling replaced the previous single porous plate with a prescribed pressure velocity profile
Porous Plate
Z plane
Detailed Model
13
Results .
Various simulations were deployed to determine the actual operation conditions and those that may have resulted from a more ideal design Actual Ideal
Typical Benchmark
14
Results .
It was concluded that CFD was / is a useful tool when comparing a real life installation and utilising a live flowmeters transit-times data It can be demonstrated that the cross-over series check introduces profile distortions that contribute to the systems uncertainty. These distortions are system dependent Further work is to be performed as a result of this first phase project in relation to the flow profile distortions and how to reduce this during the system design phase
15
Measurement Uncertainty
Firstly, we applied traditional sub-components of uncertainty and then further added components: Traditional pre and post calibration base uncertainty Installation uncertainty and long-term drift Components for L or Z-configuration in a cross-over series check
USM GROSS VOLUME (PRIMARY) UNCERTAINTY USM BASE UNCERTAINTY (Ucal) (POST CALIBRATION) USM INSTALLATION UNCERTAINTY (Uinst) USM OPERATIONAL UNCERTAINTY (Uopn)
16
Group Effects Impacting Uncertainties

Main Contributor or Group SubContributor or Group Geometry Effects (Ugeomd) USM Base Uncertainty Dry Calibration (Ucald) Transit Time Effects (Uttd) Integration Method Effects (Uimd) None Input Descriptor Diameter (D) at manufactured conditions; covering variations in meter spool bore (non-roundness). Diameter (D) at line conditions; covering variations in meter spool bore but excluding pressure and temperature effects which are covered by the meter correction factor (MF). Variations in reflective path angle Variations in reflective path length Impact of cables, electronics & transducer on the transit time measurement Impact of delta-T correction on the transit time measurements Impact of time detection (time resolution) on the transit time measurements Spatial sampling impact on the gas flow profile Variations in axial lateral positions Variations in traversal lateral positions and inclined position Test facility tolerance during calibration Meter non-linearity post calibration Repeatability of meter during calibration Resolution of axial fluid velocity measurements Meter output resolution Diameter (D) at manufactured conditions; covering variations in meter spool bore (non-roundness). Diameter (D) at line conditions; covering variations in meter spool bore but excluding pressure and temperature effects which are covered by the meter correction factor (MF). Test facility tolerance during calibration Meter non-linearity post calibration Repeatability of meter during calibration Resolution of axial fluid velocity measurements Meter output resolution Input Uncertainty Reference UDo UDl Urpa Urpl Utttd Uttdt Utttmd Uimax Uimtr Ubd Ulind Urepcd Uresv Uresf UDow UDi Ubw Ulinw Urepcw Uresv Uresf Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Addressed by wet calibration Negated
USM Base Uncertainty Wet Calibration (Ucalw)
Geometry Effects (Ugeomw)
None
SAMPLE
17
Uncertainty Budget (Overview)

Expanded USM Standard Volume Uncertainty Equation [Post Dynamic Calibration]
UQvs = [ (UDow) + (UDl) + (Utttdw) + (Uttdtw) + (Utttmdw) + (Uimndw) + (Uimaxw) + (Uimtrw) + (Ubw) + (Lunw) + (Urepcw) + (Uresv) + (Uresf) + (U) + (UDl) + (UE) + (Uth) + (UT) + (UP) + (Upsi) + (Utsi) + (Uini) + (Ucni) + (UWG) + (Ufpei) + (Utei) + (Udepo) + (Ueroso) + (Udrft) + (Upt) + (Uphsc) + (Upref) + (Upte) + (Upstab) + (Upinst) + (Upgp) + (Umol) + (Ugccg) + (Ugcrcg) + (Ugcrsg) + (Ugcc6) + (Ugcrep) + (UR) + (Utt t) + (Utt stab) + (Utt inst) + (Utt te) + (Utt rep) + (Utt hys) + (Ut rtd) + (Utt st) + (Uz) + (UP15,0) + (UR) + (UT15,0) + (UZ15,0) ] 0.5
18
Uncertainty Budget (Meter)

Q.SONIC BASE COMPONENT OF UNCERTAINTY (U calw )
SYMBOL INPUT UNCERTAINTY % INPUT UNCERTAINTY PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION DIVISOR % STANDARD UNCERTAINTY SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT OVERALL CONTRIBUTION
U Dow Udi U tttd
1 2 1 3
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000 mm/s 0.0388 0.0050 0.0000 0.1500 0.2200 0.0300 0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 Rectangular 1.732051 0.02887 1.00000
OVERALL
U ttdtw U ttmdw U imnd U bd U linw U repcw U resv U resf
Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Normal Rectangular Rectangular
1.732051 1.732051 1.732051 2 1.732051 1.732051
0.02240 0.00289 0.08660 0.11000 0.01732 0.02887
1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
0.0005016014 0.0000083333 0.0075000000 0.0121000000 0.0003000000 0.0008333333 0.0008333333 0.02208 0.14858% 0.29716%
U imaxw + U imtrw
1. Value deemed to be know without error or having negligible impact on sub-component of uncertainty 2. Will be incorporated within the Meter Factor sub-component of uncertainty (U MF ) 4. Insufficient data available to allow values to be ascribed to this contributor to the sub-component of uncertainty
Uc Ucalw (Uc * k)
3. This contributor to the sub-component of uncertainty varies with flow velocity, thus the value derived within this table is based on the "snap shot" flowrate
19
Uncertainty Budget (Installation)

Q.SONIC INSTALLATION & OPERATING PHILOSOPHY COMPONENT OF UNCERTAINTY (U inst )
U1 U Di UE
1
0.0000 0.0500 0.0000 0.1000 Normal 2 0.05000 0.00142 0.0000000050 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0500 Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular 1.732051 1.732051 1.732051 0.02887 0.08660 0.04330 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
OVERALL
Normal
0.02500
0.00071
0.0000000003
U th U T U P U psi U ini U cni

2 1 1 2
0.0008333333 0.0075000000 0.0018750000 0.01021 0.10104% 0.20207%
0.0000 0.1500 0.0750
U WG U fpei + U tei
1. Value deemed to be know without error or having negligible impact on sub-component of uncertainty 2. Insufficient data available to allow values to be ascribed to this contributor to the sub-component of uncertainty
Uc Uinst (Uc * k)
20
Uncertainty Budget (Post Installation)

Q.SONIC LONG TERM OPERATING COMPONENT OF UNCERTAINTY (U opn )
U depo U eroso U drft
0.0000 0.0000 0.1500
Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
1.732051 1.732051 1.732051
0.00000 0.00000 0.08660
0.00071 0.00071 1.00000

OVERALL
0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.0075000000 0.0075 0.08660% 0.17321%
Uc Uopn (Uc * k)
Q.SONIC LINE DENSITY COMPONENT OF UNCERTAINTY (U )

UP UT UM UZ 1 UR
0.3078 0.1888 0.0401
barg Deg C
kg.kmol
-1
0.3722 0.7552 0.2295 0.1000 0.0000
Normal Normal Normal Normal
2 2 2 2
0.18612 0.37762 0.11475 0.05000
1.07043 0.14674 1.00000 1.00000

OVERALL
0.0396926792 0.0030703634 0.0131664194 0.0025000000 0.058429462 0.24172% 0.48344%

3
1. Value deemed to be know without error or having negligible impact on sub-component of uncertainty
Uc U (Uc * k) U k (kg/m )
0.33615
21
Summary & Conclusions

Further tests are required to identify why the SNR improved in Line # 2 after the FC was removed. Was it the debris/FC or the lower DP across the flow regulating valve? It was assumed, in the initial design, that the meters in the series check configuration would be presented with similar flow profiles. Not evident! Adding an active noise filter (electronic) only improved the SNR by 0.25 dB The tee-piece piping element in Line # 1 attenuated the noise from the flow regulating valve Placing the FC in Line # 2 at 5D DN from the tee-piece will provide 6 dB of attenuation making it similar to Line # 1 with the extra piping element between the meter and the flow regulating valve
22
Summary & Conclusions .

Overall improvements could have been made to the initial system design with additional piping elements Are station designers and / or accountants leading when it should be the metering engineer specialised in the chosen metering technique? Who leads the station design? Standards and recommendations for metering stations are not reflecting the current status and require updating A cross-over series meter check will introduce additional components of uncertainty that are station dependent A bypass as detailed in the EN standard is not a cross-over series check
23

There are several verification and validation standards for the component parts but what of the front-end design of the total system? Parallel meter runs should include like-for-like, e.g., for this station a FC in both Line # 1 and Line # 2 Flow conditioners can be effected from debris in a pipeline that can be dynamic, i.e., not a permanent blockage
24

The design of the metering stations under evaluation have in effect reduced the noise range tolerance (NoRaT) of the meters: Piping and fittings should also be considered from an USM noise attenuation viewpoint (upstream and downstream)
New software at Beta release
25

Next Steps to continue our development work: to complete the current CFD work and derive a best practice document for a metering system employing transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters in a cross-over series meter configuration to determine the basis for a best practice document for a metering system employing transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters that focuses on a standard piping configuration to further develop the uncertainty model for a metering station as above points it is the authors intention to revisit this subject at the next AGA meeting in completing the above steps to conclude this development work.
26
THANK YOU
Copyright 2006 - 2009. Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group
27

Lawrence - Performance Analysis of An Operational Metering Station Using Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lawrence - Performance Analysis of An Operational Metering Station Using Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Performance Analysis of an Operational Metering Station using Ultrasonic Flowmeters

The Metering System .

The Metering System .

The Metering System .

Base Conditions Composition

Speed-of-sound Specific Heat

The Metering System .

Pressure Delta: 10 Bar / 145 PSI Qmax: 22 mps / 72 fps

Flow Regulating Valves

Paper page 5/20

Flow Conditioner * Varied location

6dB attenuation with FC at 5D down of tee-piece

Readings from Microphones used for Valve Weighting Factor Nv

P+T and Flow readings connected remotely to a flow computer

Receive Signal Blue is A & Yellow is B signal

Noise signal arrives prior to receive signal

Readings were not reliable during this test

Debris in pipe section

Station Shutdown Line # 2

Gate valve used in design

Group Effects Impacting Uncertainties

USM Base Uncertainty Wet Calibration (Ucalw)

Geometry Effects (Ugeomw)

Uncertainty Budget (Overview)

Uncertainty Budget (Meter)

U Dow Udi U tttd

U ttdtw U ttmdw U imnd U bd U linw U repcw U resv U resf

Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Normal Rectangular Rectangular

1.732051 1.732051 1.732051 2 1.732051 1.732051

0.02240 0.00289 0.08660 0.11000 0.01732 0.02887

1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Uncertainty Budget (Installation)

U th U T U P U psi U ini U cni

0.0008333333 0.0075000000 0.0018750000 0.01021 0.10104% 0.20207%

0.0000 0.1500 0.0750

Uncertainty Budget (Post Installation)

U depo U eroso U drft

0.0000 0.0000 0.1500

Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular

1.732051 1.732051 1.732051

0.00000 0.00000 0.08660

0.00071 0.00071 1.00000

0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.0075000000 0.0075 0.08660% 0.17321%

Q.SONIC LINE DENSITY COMPONENT OF UNCERTAINTY (U )

0.3078 0.1888 0.0401

0.3722 0.7552 0.2295 0.1000 0.0000

Normal Normal Normal Normal

0.18612 0.37762 0.11475 0.05000

1.07043 0.14674 1.00000 1.00000

0.0396926792 0.0030703634 0.0131664194 0.0025000000 0.058429462 0.24172% 0.48344%

Summary & Conclusions

Summary & Conclusions .

Summary & Conclusions .

Summary & Conclusions .

New software at Beta release

Summary & Conclusions .

You might also like