ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.

Physics Demonstrations.

By Arushi Sharma 12th D, Amity Saket

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Arushi Sharma of class 12th-D has done this demo experiment under my guidance and this is her original work.

Physics Teacher Amity International School.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere thanks to Mr.Sudeshwar Pandey my physics teacher, for his guidance and kind cooperation that made this project successful. Arushi Sharma 12th D

OBJECTIVE
1. To demonstrate the occurrence of induced e.m.f. 2. To demonstrate the effect of separation in mutual induction between pair of coil.

THEORY
The phenomenon of production of emf in a conductor due to a change in magnetic flux passing linked with it is called electromagnetic induction.

We have a electric conductor coil(for example a copper coil)which have two ends connected to a galvanometer as shown in figure and move a bar magnet into the coil and out of it ,we shall observe a slight deflection of needle in the galvanometer. This demonstrates that the change in magnetic lines of forces passing through the coil causes production of emf in the coil.

Now if we keep magnet stationary, we shall observe that there is no movement of galvanometer needle showing that there is no change in the magnetic flux liked with the coil. The emf produced in the above process is called induced emf .The electromagnetic induction is governed by Faradays laws and Lenzs Law.

FARADAYS LAW:
1. Whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with the circuit an induced emf is set up in it and lasts as long as the magnetic flux linked with it is changing. The magnitude of the indice emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

2.

LENZS LAW:
The current induced in a circuit always flows in such a direction that it opposes the change or the cause that produces it. Among different effects of electromagnetic induction, mutual induction is a phenomenon of

induction of emf in a coil to change in current or magnetic flux linked with a neighboring coil to change in current or magnetic flux linked with a neighboring coil.

PHYSICAL SET UP
The practical model set up is shown below. Important features of the set up are: 1. Both primary and secondary coils have the same number of turns and are movable linearly on the core. 2. The soft iron core is a laminated construction. 3. Approximately VA value of coils is 200.

OBSERVATION
1. When the 2 pin plug is connected to a 220V AC supply socket and the switch is pressed ,the bulb glows, showing the presence of an induced emf produced in the secondary coil. 2. The soft iron core shoes a very strong magnetic behavior as long as the supply is kept on. 3. When the distance between the two coils is changing by sliding the secondary coil over the core, the intensity of glow of the bulb changes. When the distance between the coils increases, the bulb becomes dimmer showing reduction in the induced emf value .When the 2 coil are very close to each other the bulb glows brightly.

INFERENCE
1. Observation 1 demonstrates that passage of alternating current through primary coil produces induced emf in the secondary coil. In this case the change in magnetic flux is caused by the sinusoidal variation of voltage in the primary coil which continuously changes the strength and direction of magnetic flux linked with the secondary coil. 2. Observation 2 demonstrates that alternating current flow changes soft iron core to a magnet by electromagnetic effect. 3. Observation 3 demonstrates the fact that mutual induction between a pair of coils depends on the separation distance between the 2 coils. Larger the separation distance between the coils, lower is the value of induced emf in the secondary coil.