Early 10th Mountain Division

! ! Primary Sources: ! Aird, Brandon. 10th Mountain Soldier in the Afghan Highlands. 2007. Photograph. Afghanistan. ! ! !
"And in the Beginning There was Pando and the Wilderness." Camp Hale Ski Zette [Pando Valley, CO] 30 Sep. 1944: 1-4. Print. This was a from a firsthand construction worker who helped construct Camp Hale. This was very useful information for our page on Camp Hale.

Annotated Bibliography

This is a picture of what the Tenth Mountain Division does current day. This picture is of a soldier of the Tenth Mountain Division current day, protecting a village from the Afghan Highlands. This picture is used on our website.

! "Beauty and Dirt-That's Naples." Blizzard Newspaper [Naples, Italy] 17 Feb. 1945: 3,8. Print. ! ! ! ! !

This source showed how the 10th Mountain Division viewed Naples, Italy, one of the towns they stayed in when they weren't fighting. This article captures the upbeat attitude of the soldiers when they werent fighting, versus the more melancholy attitudes captured in the Blizzard the soldiers were caught up in a mission.

Old Camp Hale. Colorado Ski Authority. Esper Media, 1942. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. We used this source because it showed us the facility buildings of Camp Hale. This picture was used on our website.

Charles Minot Dole - Sport Builder/ Inspiration - 1977. Colorado Ski & Snowboard Museum Hall of Fame. Northstar, n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. We used this source because it showed Charles Minot Dole, the founder of the Tenth Mountain Division, against the backdrop of a snowy mountain, his favorite place to be. This picture is used on our website.

Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole. Find a Grave. Thomas George, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.

! Dole, Charles Minot. "Birth of the Mountain and Winter Warfare Soldier." 1955. Print. ! ! ! ! ! !

We used this source for information as to what was written on Charles Minot Doless grave. This information shows what Charles Minot Dole will be most remembered for. This picture is used on our website.

This was a letter written by the founder of the 10th Mountain Division and gave us great quotes and information concerning how the 10th Mountain Division came into being, why it was created, and how it was to be used.

Douglass, Malcolm C. Hale Men Find Gen. Rolf Ideal Mountain Leader. Camp Hale Ski Zette 28. April.1943: 1. Print. We used this source because it is a newspaper published at Camp Hale, Colorado which is where the 10th Mountain Division was trained. This particular article is good for research because it shows how the troops at Camp Hale felt about a good leader.

Gavon, Thomas. History of the Tenth Light Division (Alpine). The United States Army, 1946. Print. We used this source for the general military information about the early 10th Mountain Division. This information included the 10th Mountain Divisions mission, how the troops were trained, the authority in the division, and equipment used by the division.

! Gavon, Thomas. Training for Mountain and Winter Warfare. U.S. Army, 1946. Print. ! ! !

This source gave us an extremely detailed description of the training at Camp Hale, along with the plans to for the training for mountain and winter warfare.

GERMAN PRISONERS CAPTURED BY 10TH MOUNTAIN DIVISION. Ibiblio. School of Information and Library Science, 1945. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. This source was used because it showed how the Tenth Mountain Division would move their German prisoners. This picture is used on our website.

! Interview with Dick Koeck. Springhill Asbury. 25 April. 2012. Web ! !

This source gave us insight into the mind of a soldier fighting in the one of the Tenths most famous battles, Mt. Belvedere.

Krieser, Curt. 10th Mountain Division troops in whites. Denver Public Library. Denver Public Library, 1944. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

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We used this source because it was a picture of what kind of conditions the Tenth Mountain Division was expected to perform in. This picture also shows what the Tenth Mountain would wear when in the mountains.

Medics of the Tenth Mountain Division Evacuating Wounded in a Jeep. U.S. Medical Department. U.S. Army, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. This picture gave us an idea how the soldiers would treat the wounded during the assault on Po Valley. This picture is used on our website.

Men, mules, with tank, near Bologna, Italy. 1945. Photograph. Bologna Italy. This picture showed how the Tenth Mountain Division transported men and equipment during the assault on Po Valley. This picture is used on our website.

Minnie Dole, 1940s. Ski-Patrol.net. Ski Patrol Inc., 1942. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. We used this picture because it showed what the founder of the Tenth Mountain Division, and the National Ski Patrol Looked like. We used this picture on our website.

Mt. Rainier, Washington. And Miles To Go. WordPress, n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014. We used this source to for an image of Mt. Rainer, the Tenth Mountain Divisions first training site. This image is used on our website.

Raedel, Joe. Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division search for members of al Qaeda and Taliban near the villages of Shir Khan Kheyl, Babulkhel, and Marzak. United States Center of Military History. United States Center of Military History, n.d. Web. 30. Jan. 2014. This picture showed us what the Tenth Mountain Division do in modern time and how they gear up. This picture is used on our website.

Red Army Party Convention Winter War. 1939. Photograph. Finland. We used this picture to provide information about what the Red Army from the Winter War looked like. We used this picture on our website.

Riva Ridge. The Last Ridge. n.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.

! Slight Patrol Activity continues Blizzard Newspaper [Italy] 8 April 1945. Print. ! ! ! !
Ski Troops in Whites With Rifles. Denver Public Library. Denver Public Library, 1942. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

This was a valuable source because it showed us what Riva Ridge looks like, and why the Germans thought it was impossible to summit in snow and ice. This picture is used on our website.

This picture gives us an image of how some tenth mountain troops viewed the fighting that was going on in Italy.

We used this source because it showed us some of the gear the the men of the Tenth Mountain Division would carry with them when they went into battle.

Soviet-Finnish Non-Aggression Pact. 1966. Photograph. Helsinki, Finland. We used this source because it showed the signing of the non-aggression pact, which is one of the causes of the Winter war.

! Soviet - Finnish War 1939-1940. Ibiblio. The Pacific Bulb Society, 1940. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

We used this source because it provided us with accurate information concerning how the Soviet Union attacked Finland during the winter war. This picture is used on our website.

Straws in the Wind: an Alumni Association for Ex-Mountaneers Blizzard Newspaper [Camp Hale, Colorado] 24 June 1945: 1-2. Print. We used this source because it was written by the tenth mountain division troops regarding an potential organization that could help the departing troops to remain friends.

Strong Counter Attack on Torpaccia Smashed. Blizzard Newspaper. [Italy] 26 Feb 1945: 2-3 Print. This was written by a 10th Mountain troop and therefore gave us the knowledge about WWII that was known by the soldiers.

Tenth Mountain Soldiers, Camp Hale. National Association of the Tenth Mountain Division. Dees Website Center, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. We used this image to show us how Tenth Mountain Division Troops dressed up for their training. This picture is used on our website.

! "The Action Day-by-Day." Blizzard Newspaper [Italy] 22 May.1945: 1-2. Print. ! ! ! ! !

This source was written by many 10th Mountain troops about their missions in WWII. This information helped us as we pieced together all that happened in Italy for the 10th Mountain Division.

The invisible Enemy of the Soviet Army. Photograph. Finland Wanted to Live: The Empire Strikes. Uralica. Osmo Joronen: n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. This picture gives us an knowledge of winter warfare before the 10th mountain division because it shows how troops would dress up to fight.

U.S. Signal Corps. Two members of the 10th Mountain Division fire a 75 mm Howitzer during the attack on Mt. Belvedere when the division broke through the German lines on its way to northern Italy in February 1944. February 1944. Northern Italy. Photograph. donmoorswartales.com We used this source on our website because it accurately portrayed how the 10th Mountain Division used artillery when fighting in WWII.

! Vail Trail Map, winter of 1975 1976. 1976. Drawing. Vail, Colorado. ! !

This is an original trail map of Vail Ski Resort, created by the Tenth Mountain Division. This map is used on our website.

Winter War. Metal Sucks. Anso Di Frances, 2012. Web. 8 Feb. 2014 We used this picture because it accurately depicted what the winter war was like in Finland. We used this picture on our website.

! "10th Div. Front Generally Quiet." Blizzard [Italy] 28 Feb. 1945: 1. Print. ! ! ! Secondary Sources: !

This source provided us with information concerning what was happening with the 10th Mountain Division at a certain date while they were in Italy. This source helped us to develop a chronology of the 10th Mountain Division in Italy.

A History of Military Equipment of Modern Greece Ski Warfare(1821-present). A History of military Equipment of Modern Greece. 30 May, 2010. Web. 7 Jan. 2014.

! Battle on The Slopes. NPR. 21 Sept 2007.Radio !

This source gave us an idea of the other countries who had ski troopers in World War 2. This information helped build our background knowledge of winter warfare and help us on our Background page of our website.

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This source showed us the casualty rate of the tenth mountain Division when they were in Italy fighting to take the German stronghold of Mt. Belvedere. Because of the high casualty rate, this supports the side of the argument that says that the 10th Mountain division was not necessary for WWII and should not have been made. We think that this division was necessary.

Besser, Gretchen. The National Ski Patrol.Alpenglow Ski Mountaineering Project. Lowell Scoog 2002. 9 Oct. 2004. Print. This source gave us useful information about the founder of the Tenth Mountain Division was, Charles Minot Dole (Minnie Dole).

Breakthrough into Po Valley IV and II Corps. United States Center of Military History. United States Center of Military History, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. This source gave us an idea of the Tenth Mountain Divisions Maneuvers in Po Valley. This map is used on our website.

"Camp Hale History. Metropolitan State University of Denver. Metropolitan State University of Denver, n.d. Web. 26 Dec. 2013. This information was very useful concerning information about the formation of Camp Hale as well as some information about how it was run. This was great because Camp Hale was used for training soldiers in winter warfare, which was not a part of training at other camps.

"Fifth Army Captures Strong Point of Massa." Blizzard Newspaper [Italy] 12 April.1945: 1-2. Print. This was great source of us because it showed us what the Fifth Army was doing while the 10th Mountain Division was carrying out their mission with exact dates because it was written by tenth mountain troops.

Gothic Line and Po Valley Campaign. Go For Broke. National Education Center. n.p., 2 Feb. 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2013.

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We used this source to get a good understanding of how the 5th army got into Po Valley and the military installments that were used to accomplish this. This source did not mention the 10th Mountain Division, but gave valuable information about what else was happening in Po Valley.

Jenkins, Mckay. The Last Ridge The Odessey of the 10th Mountain Division in WWII. Student Resource Center Junior. Aug. 2003. Web. Nov. 2013. We used this source because it showed generally why the 10th Mountain Division was created, and who had the idea that started the division. (Because of other sources, we already knew who this person was.)

Leich, Jeff. The National Ski Patrol and Ski Patrolling in America Timeline. New England Ski Museum. WordPress. Web. 23 Dec. 2013. This source provided us with information on the development of the National Ski Patrol and in doing this also provided us with information concerning what the friends of Charles Minot Dole thought about a ski and mountaineering military division.

Map No. 1 - Riva Ridge - Mt. Belvedere - Mt. Della Torraccia. Tenth Mountain Division Association. Vi, n.d. Web 28 Jan. 2014. This source was used to determine the maneuvers of the Tenth Mountain Division on Riva Ridge, Mt. Belvedere, and Mt. Della Torraccia. This picture is used on our website.

Moren, Lauren. Tales from the Tenth: The Tenth Mountain Division is born. The Vail Daily. 28 November 2010. Print.

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We used this source to know who had the idea to start the tenth mountain division. This supports our argument that the Tenth Mountain Division was necessary in WWII because the U.S. military would not have accepted this mans proposal to start the division if they didnt think it was necessary.

Mountcastle, John W. North Apennines. Center of Military History. U.S. Army Center of Military History. Web. 20 Dec. 2013. This source gave an extremely detailed explanation of the campaigns against Germany in Italy, including information about the Gothic Line, which was the final barrier to Po

Valley. Mountcastle, John W. Po Valley 1945. Center of Military History. U.S. Army Center of Military History, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

We used this source because the source gave a very detailed account of the WWII battle in the Po Valley, which was one of the places the 10th Mountain division fought at during WWII.

Montemaggi, Amedeo. Linea Gotica. Gothic Line. n.p., 2002. Web. 20 Dec. 2013. We used this source because it gave us the history of the Gothic Line, which was what the germans used as a last defense to Po Valley. The line was actually created a long time before the germans used it.

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Pennington, Bill. The Legacy of Soldiers on Skies. The New York Times 10 March 2006. Print. This newspaper article is a brief history of the war the 10th Mountain division took part in, and also shows what the 10th Mountain division troops did to influence America after the war.

Po Valley 1945. United States Center of Military History. United States Center of Military History, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 This map gave very exact positions of the Fifth Army, including the Tenth Mountain Division. We used this source for information, and also used the picture for our website.

"Short History of Camp Given as Hale Closes." Camp Hale Ski Zette [Pando Valley, CO] 30 Sep. 1944: 1-4. Print. We used this information in air website page about Camp Hale, and it was also interesting to see how a soldier from the 10th thought about Camp Hale.

! "What They Are Saying About Us in the States." Blizzard [Italy] 15 March 1945: 7. Print. !

This source showed us how the United States viewed the 10th Mountain Division and if people thought the 10th Mountain Division was a necessary part of WWII.

10th Takes Mount Belvedere, Gorgolesco, Della Terracia. Colorado Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame. Print.

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This source gave a detailed description of the battle on Mt. Belevedere, and also shows how the 10th Mountain Division fought in battle.

"10th Mountain Division History." Metropolitan State University of Denver. Metropolitan State University of Denver, n.d. Web. 26 Dec. 2013.

This source answered some of the questions we had about the formation of Camp Hale, along with how the 10th Mountain Division was used in WWII. 10th Mountain Division Memorial. Aspen, Colorado. Paranormio. n.p., n.a. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.

! 25 Aug - 30 Sept 44 The Battle of Rimini. Gothic Line. n.a., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 14. !

This picture shows a Tenth Mountain Division memorial at Aspen, one of the ski resorts the Tenth Mountain Division veterans created. This picture is used on our website.

We used this map because it was a map of the Gothic Line, the obstacle for the Allied Forces. This map is used on our website.