MORE ABOUT DECIMAL NUMBERS

IES Escultor Snchez Mesa

Introduction to Decimal Numbers

A number written in decimal notation has 3 parts: Whole # part The decimal point Decimal part The position of the digit in the decimal number determines the digits value.

Place Value Chart

103 thousands 102 hundreds 101 tens 100 ones

10-1 tenths

10-2 hundredths

10-3 thousandths

10-4 ten-thousandths

10-5

Whole number part Decimal point

Decimal part

Hundred-thousandths

Writing a Decimal Number in Words

Write the whole number part The decimal point is written and Write the decimal part as if it were a whole number Write the place value of the last non-zero digit Ex: Write 6.32 in words Six and thirty-two hundredths

Ex: Write 0.276 in words

Zero and two hundred seventy-six thousandths Or two hundred seventy-six thousandths

Ex: Write 10.0304 in words

Ten and three hundred four Ten-thousandths

Writing Decimal Numbers in Standard Form

Write the whole number part Replace and with a decimal point Write the decimal part so that the last nonzero digit is in the identified decimal place value Note: if there is no and, then the number has no whole number part.

Ex: Write in standard form eight and three hundred four tenthousandths
8 . 0 3 0 4

Ex: Write in standard form seven hundred sixty-two thousandths

Note: no and 0. 7 6 2 no whole part

Converting Decimal to Fractions

To convert a decimal number to a fraction, read the decimal number correctly. Simplify, if necessary.
Ex: Write 0.4 as a fraction 0.4 is read four tenths Ex: Write 0.05 as a fraction 0.05 is read five hundredths 5 1 = 100 20

4 2 = 10 5

Ex: Write 0.007 as a fraction 0.007 is read seven thousandths

7 1000

Note: the number of decimal places is the same as the number of zeros in the power of ten denominator Ex: Write 4.2 as a fractional number
Note: theres a whole and decimal part Mixed number

4.2 is read four and two tenths

2 1 =4 4 10 5

Converting Fractions to Decimal Numbers (base 10 denominator)

When the fraction has a power of 10 in the denominator, we read the fraction correctly to write it as a decimal number
3 Ex: Write as a decimal number 10 The fraction is read three tenths
Note: no and no whole part 0. 3

Ex: Write as a decimal number 27 100 The fraction is read twenty-seven hundredths Note: no and 0. 2 7 no whole part

33 Ex: Write as a decimal number 5 1000

The mixed number is read five and thirty-three thousandths

Converting fractions to decimals, take the numerator and divide by the denominator. If the fraction is a mixed number, put the whole number before the decimal.

n Rewrite d

as long division.

Rounding Decimal Numbers

Rounding decimal numbers is similar to rounding whole numbers: Look at the digit to the right of the given place value to be rounded. If the digit to the right is > 5, then add 1 to the digit in the given place value and zero out all the digits to the right (hit). If the digit to the right is < 5, then keep the digit in the given place value and zero out all the digits to the right (stay).

Ex: Round 7.359 to the nearest tenths place

Identify the place to be rounded to: Tenths Look one place to the right. What number is there? Compare the number to 5: 5 > 5 hit (add 1)

3 + 1 = 4 in the tenths place, zero out the rest 7.359 rounded to the nearest tenths place is 7.400 = 7.4

Ex: Round 22.68259 to the nearest hundredths place

Identify the place to be rounded to: Hundredths Look one place to the right. What number is there? Compare the number to 5: 2 < 5 Keep the 8 and zero out the rest 22.68259 rounded to the nearest hundredths place is 22.68000 = 22.68 stay (keep)

Ex: Round 1.639 to the nearest whole number

Identify the place to be rounded to: ones Look one place to the right. What number is there? Compare the number to 5: 6 > 5 hit (add 1)

1 + 1 = 2 in the ones place, zero out the rest 1.639 rounded to the whole number is 2.000 = 2

Multiply by Powers of 10
When multiplying by 10, 100, 1000, Move the decimal in the number to the right as many times as there are zeros. 2.345 times 10, move the decimal one place to the right, 23.45

Ex: Multiply 1.2345 x 10 Think 12345 x 10 12345 x 10 = 123450

1.2345 has 4 decimal place 10 has 0 decimal places Therefore the product of 1.2345 and 10 will have 4 + 0 = 4 decimal places . 123450 1.2345 x 10 = 12.3450 = 12.345

Ex: Multiply 1.2345 x 100 Think 12345 x 100 12345 x 100 = 1234500

1.2345 has 4 decimal place 100 has 0 decimal places Therefore the product of 1.2345 and 100 will have 4 + 0 = 4 decimal places . 1234500 1.2345 x 100 = 123.4500 = 123.45

Ex: Multiply 1.2345 x 1000 Think 12345 x 1000 12345 x 1000 = 12345000

1.2345 has 4 decimal place 1000 has 0 decimal places Therefore the product of 1.2345 and 1000 will have 4 + 0 = 4 decimal places . 12345000 1.2345 x 1000 = 1234.5000 = 1234.5

So what have we seen? 1.2345 x 10 = 12.345 1.2345 x 100 = 123.45 1 zero move decimal point 1 place to the right 2 zeros move decimal point 2 places to the right

1.2345 x 1000 = 1234.5 3 zeros move decimal point 3 places to the right To multiply a decimal number by a power of 10, move the decimal point to the right the same number of places as there are zeros.

Ex: Multiply 34.31 x 1000 How many zeros are there in 1000? Move the decimal point in 34.31 to the right 3 times 34 . 310. 34.31 x 1000 = 34,310 3

Ex: Multiply 21 x 100 How many zeros are there in 100? Move the decimal point in 21 to the right 2 times 21 . 0 0 . 21 x 100 = 2100 2

Divide by Powers of 10
When dividing by 10, 100, 1000, Move the decimal in the number to the left as many times as there are zeros. 76.89 divided 10, move the decimal one place to the left, 7.689

So what have we seen? 12345.6 10 = 1234.56 1 zero move decimal point 1 place to the left 12345.6 100 = 123.456 2 zeros move decimal point 2 places to the left To divide a decimal number by a power of 10, move the decimal point to the left the same number of places as there are zeros.