You are on page 1of 84

) (

. /

. /

. . /

. . /

. / . /

. /
. /

. /


:






.

.





.





.
"



" ) .
( 4 : 71) (46 :22
"


) (

")( 112 : 48
"
) (%20


" ( 1 : 65 ).

) ( 59 "

) 6 15 ( )
(" ) "(53





" .
) ( 86 : 51 ) ( 113 112 : 1





.
) (2003
"
":1 ).
( 217
) "(74)(2008


".
) (78)(1992


.
) (2008
) (1973 "


"( 1 :70) .
)" ( 2003



( 54 : 81) ".


2015
( 3: 7).

) (74)(2008








)

(.
"



.


" )19 ) ( 4 3 : 70 ) ( 14 : 139: 39) (189 188 : 42
( 5 : 71 ) ( 159 :
"









"
)( 29 : 18 ) ( 2 : 70 )( 1 :65




.

)( 80 ) (2006

) ( 2002
13,4 ) ( %6


) (600 ) (15-10
) (12-10
) (%50 ( 2 : 79) .
"
7.4


)( 1 :67) ( 2 : 71 )" ( %11.5

)/2008
(2009 ) (%9.1
) (4.3 % ) (% 9.2
) (%12.3 ) (%13.2
) (%25 )
(%5 ). (%.30

) (
46 "




"( 2 :66) .
) ( 28 ) (1993 "
"
) ( 28

( laxity. W. wastage(1995)( 61

.
"






" )(17 16 : 25
"




") ( 12 : 23

) " ( 31
".




( 197 : 1 ) .
) (1998
"
" .
)( 23 : 39
"



"(11 10 : 25) .
)( 40 ) (2008




.
) "(2008
": 70 ) .
(3
"



( 33 32 : 20 )".
)) (1997
( 35 ) ( 47 ) (2006








9 : 38 ) .
(

) ( 2008 "


") ( 22 : 20

"





"(30: 41) .
"




( 27 26 : 38 ) ".

165
) (% 45,2


.



) (1990
) - ( 2004
)(2015-2004

) (2004
)
(2010 2000 ) . ( 79
) ( 91 ) ( 2008
:
,

,
, .

7 ,
, ,
, ,


, , ,
,


.
:
. % 46
% 41 ,
% 90
,
% 13 % 8.7
.
% 38 ,
36 / 11
.
:

, % 27
76 21 86
% 16 , 1996
,
% 13
76 % 21 86 % 26
, 96 % 4 % 7
% 13 .
.
, ,
-:
: 16
% 96 % 23 .


. .
: 38 /
/ 15
54 / 23 / 53 /
27 / %56
29
%28 %5


.
-: %27 %30
%32 %34 .
%16 .
-: 93/94
%33 %86
. %10 .

%16 %68

%52
%58 %21
%28
%95
%100

,
96 % 25
% 17
% 10

.

10


.





.
:

:
1
) : (

:
.
2 " .
" .
3
.
:
1
) : (

-2 "
"

-3

:
1 :
) 8 (



.

11

2 :


.
3 :


.

: -:

: -:

* -:
.1 -:



) (118 ) (80
) (%6.5
.
.2 -:
)
" " (




) (5020
) (25 .
) (4995 ) (4865
) (130 :

12

) ( 2 ) ( 1
) ( 1

10
4
3
6
2
2
2
29

6
4
5
6
3
3
3
30

9
8
4
6
2
2
2
33

9
7
7
6
3
3
3
38

34
23
19
24
10
10
10
130

) ( 2 )
(

%
20
160
217
285
16

17.5
134
210
251
14

15
150
220
273
12

12.5
120
187
211
10

10
123
196
221
8

12.5
98
154
165
10

12.5

89
133
146
10

874
1317
1552
100
80

13

213
180
197
168
151
110

875
775
840
686
691
527

103

471

1122

4865

) ( 2

80 %20

% 10
4865
875 775 840
686 691 527
471
1552 1317
874 . 1122
.1 -:

) (500
) ( 3 ) ( 100
:

)(400
) (2800 .
) ( 3
:
1
.
2 .
3
) ( 3 )
(

19.7
16.
22.7
23
26
32.5
50- 60
5
5
5
34.2
32.
42.2
42.2
39
52
49 -40
5
5
5
5

14

22.75
37.75

30- 39

13

16.
5

29.5

31.2
5

20

42.5

26.25

20- 30

12.2
5

5.5

5.25

31

3.5

13.25

)
20 : 60 ( ) ( 49- 40 )
( 42.5 ) 30 : 20 (
. 3.5

) ( 3
) (

33.7
30
5

32

21

17.5

18.5

19

25.5

16.5

17

20

23

9.25
0

7
0

10
0

29.7
5
22.2
5
18.7
5
19.2
5
8
2

16.2
5

25.2
5

31.25

23.5

19

19

20.7
5
25.2
5
10.5
3.75

18.7
5

17.75

22.5

23

12.5
2

9
0


) ( %33.75
) ( 2 : 25

) ( 3 )
(

15

35.7
5
12.2
5
42.2
5

39

42.25

39

45.7
5

15.5

12.25

12.2
5

8.75

39

42.2
5

32.5

45.5

58.5

61.7
5

52

3.25

42.5
21.7
5
35.7
5

24.2
5
6.5
39

68.2
5

58.5

52

9.75

6.5

48.7
5

3.25

3.25

13


) ( %49.5

) ( 3 )
(

16

13.2
5

3.25

3.25

9.75

9.25

3.25

3.25

9.75

11

13.25

13

3.25

9.75

12.25

3.25

6.5

6.5

9.25

3.25
3.25
0

3.25
3.25
0

6.5
6.5
4

3.25
9.75
6.5

3.25
6.5
12.5

0
3.25
0

0
14.25
0

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

9.75

3.25

11.75

3.25
3.25
0
6.5

16.25

3.25
6.5
0
3.25
16.2
5

5
6.5
0
3.25
22.7
5

6.5
0
0
6.5

3.25
3.25
3.25
3.25

7.5
19.5
3.25
9.75

8.25
9
7.5
0

6.5

9.75

5.25

35.5

38

18

38.2
5

24.5

32

6.5



) ( 93.5 61.75
) ( 3
) (

39

39

6.5

6.25

40.5

49.7
5

14

35.2
5
13.2
5
39.7
5
11.7
5
0

32.5

43.5

16.5

16.5

39.2
5
11.7
5
0

42.7
5
21.7
5

35.75
6.5

31.5

25.5

50.5

8.5

10

7.25


%50.5 % 43.5

) (

17

) ( 3
) (

39

51.2
5

36.2
5
47.2
5

35.7
5
47.7
5

16.5

16.5

16.5

30.5

42.5

39.7
5

39.75

53

51

47

57

16.5

6.5

13.2
5

3.25

) 39.75
(% 57 : %
) ( 3 )
(

46.2
39.7
35.2
40.5
35
32.5

5
5
5
32.7
19.2
19.7

34.5
35.5
29.5
5
58
5

0
0
0
0
0
0

30.2
27.7
3.75
29.5
19
25.5

5
5
17.2
11.5
0
5
10
20

5


% 29.5 % 22.5 : % 40.5

18

39
13.25
0
15.25
32.5

) ( 3 )
(

31.2
5

35.5

37.5

39

42.5

53.5

46

47.5

22

15

21.2
5

36.2
5
44.2
5

39

35

45.5

47.5

15.5

17.5

19.5


% 47.5 :% 53.5
) ( 3 )
(

39.7
22.7
25.2
22
60
20.5

5
5
5
19.2
30.5
32.5
41.5
15.5
48.5

5
13.2
22.2
36.5
19.5
14.5
19.5

5
5
15.2
16.5
8.25
17
10
11.5

5
.
: -:
:
.1

.2
)(1
.3 .

19

26.25
33.25
22.75
17.5

.4 :
) (4
)
(
:

:
* ) -
( ......
* )
(
* )
(
* )

(
* ) (
:
) ( ) (5
) ( ) 6
(

:
.1 .
* ) (

) ( 7273 2130263738416364 8
) (
) ( ) ( ) (5

20

* ) (
) 24 16 12 11 9 5 4 2
( 62 60 58 49 46





) . ( 6

)52
(


) ( 7
) (3
) (49.
) ( %75
(
.

21

) ( 4 )

(

) ( "
"
= 130

**0.482
1
**0.544
2
**0.433
3
**0.514
4
**0.442
5
**0.542
6
**0.541
7
**0.533
8
**0.428
9
**0.510 10
**0.393 11

0.7224 **0.518 12

*0.552
13
**0.487 14
**0.556 15
**0.512 16
**0.528 17
**0.507 18
**0.534 19
*0.521
20
**0.517 21
**0.408 22
**0.469 23

22

** 0.254 = 0.01
0.195 = 0.05
) (4 )

(
) ( " "
0.393 0.556
0.01
) (
) (4 )

(

) ( "

" "
= 130

23

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5

**0.469
*0.422
**0.504
**0.562
**0.531
**0.486
**0.394
**0.427
**0.561
**0.412
**0.464
**0.547
**0.518
**0.633
**0.427
*0.454
**0.571
**0.509
**0.482
*0.459

0.7224

0.6948

6
7
8
9
10
11

*0.448
**0.437
**0.420
**0.369
*0.622
**0.514

** * 0.254 = 0.01
0.195 = 0.05 ) (4
)
(
) ( "
" "
"
0.369 0.633
0.01 ) ( .
* )
(


:
-1

) (

-2

-3

) (

-4

-5

) (

) ( 57
) ( 7
) ( 50 ) ( 10 .

24

) (

) (5

= 130

**0.514
1
**0.398
2
**0.472
3
**0.392
4
**0.511
5
0.6927

**0.515
6
**0.427
7
**0.529
8
**0.532
9
**0.418 10
0.7108 *0.422

1
**0.356
2

**0.501
3

**0.506
4
**0.414
5

**0.451
6
*0.433
7
**0.470
8

25

**0.446
9
**0.469 10
) ( 5

= 130

*0.422
1
**0.430
2
**0.571
3
**0.542
4
**0.551
5

0.7249
**0.415
6

**0.427
7
**0.586
8
**0.540
9
**0.413 10
* 0.254 = 0.01
0.195 = 0.05

) (5 )

(
0.356 0.586
0.01
.

26

) (5

= 130

**0.416
1
**0.559
2
**0.431
3
**0.441
4
**0.416
5
0.7511

*0.622
6
**0.486
7
**0.572
8
**0.516
9
**0.444 10
**0.536
1
*0.431
2
**0.528
3
**0.441
4
**0.460
5

0.7021

*0.425
6
**0.484
7
**0.553
8
**0.519
9
**0.525 10
** * 0.254 = 0.01
0.195 = 0.05
) (5 )

(
0.416 0.622
0.01
.

27

) (%75
.

:
)
( 15/10/2007 ) 20/12/2007 ) (130

.



.


) 30 : 20
(
:
17/2/2008
20/4/2008 :
* ) (7
.
*
) (80.
* ) (7 .
* ) (7 )
(8
*

28

.1
.
.2
.3
.4
.5

.
.6
.
: :

29

:



.
:
-1 "
) (6
) ( 10

) (6

39.56
0.203 9.030
36
875

8
39.60
4.650
39
775

0
0.320

38.96

0.141 7.859 38.5


840

30.69
0.400 5.875
29
686

4
36.16
0.650 6.639
36
691

8
0.648 6.764
28
527
31.41

30

775

840

686

691
527
471
4865

875

775

840

686

691

31

4865
875

471

527
471
4865

9
34.58
6
36.37
0
23.78
3
20.19
2
19.51
1
22.37
6
19.15
6
23.87
5
18.58
4
21.12
4
26.48
8
20.24
3
20.08
6
19.55
1
22.03
0
20.51
8
20.82
0
21.58
1

35

4.260

0.894

35

7.664

0.361

24

2.397

0.595

20

3.895

0.373

19

3.012

1.334

23

3.933

0.115

18

3.036

0.766

24

3.641

0.306

18

3.080

0.963

21

3.863

0.227

26

5.752

0.084

19

3.991

0.433

19

3.981

1.866

19

2.830

0.945

23

4.845

0.352

19

3.600

0.506

20

4.003

0.228

20

4.941

0.896

) ( 6


) 0.595- ( 1.866
3
.
) (7

485

486
4


485

486
4

485

32

59248.61
1

9874.7
69

226473.6
67

46.619

211.820
**

285722.2
78
19822.50
4

3303.7
51

52761.26
0

10.861

304.193
**

72583.76
4
28170.26
0

4695.0
43

90578.16
3

18.645

251.810
**

118748.4 486
22
4
*

** 2.80 = 0.01
2.09 = 0.05

)(7 ) ( 1

0.01
) 211.820 ( 304.193
LSD ) .( 7

40
35
30
25

33

23
21
19
17
15

) ( 1

) (8

LSD

34

57.39

56.48

57.34

39.5

9.03

0.03

0.60

8.874

3.400

8.14

68
39.6

0
4.65

0
0.63

*
8.906

*
3.432

*9
8.18

00
38.9

0
7.85

*
8.274

*
2.800

*1
7.54

*4.982
*5.014
*4.382

44.48
52.42
45.53
50.12
52.85

44.87

43.36

49.72
42.57
53.06
41.30
80.27

61.34

60.87

59.25
66.76
62.18
63.09

68
30.6

9
5.87

94
36.1

5
6.63

68
31.4

9
6.76

19
34.5

4
4.26

86
23.7

0
2.39

83
20.1

7
3.89

92
19.5

5
3.01

11
22.3

2
3.93

76
19.1

3
3.03

56
23.8

6
3.64

75
18.5

1
3.08

84
26.4

0
5.75

88
20.2

2
3.99

43
20.0

1
3.98

86
19.5

1
2.83

51
22.0

0
4.84

30
20.5

5
3.60

18
20.8

0
4.00

20

*
5.474

*9
0.72

5
4.74
*9

*1.582
*3.167

3.59

4.27

1.407

4.627

0.09

*1

*2
0.68

*
2.184

*
1.036

2
3.68

*2

*
2.865

*
0.354

*3
4.36

*
3.220

*4
1.49

*9
4.71
*8

*5.199
*1.608
*0.927
*3.792
*0.572
*5.291

6.24

6.40

6.937

4.458

5.97

*5

*2
0.15

*
0.692

*
1.788

*0
0.27

*
0.535

*
1.945

5
0.43

*
2.479

2
0.96

*7
1.51

) ( 8

35

*3.892

*2

*5.668
*0.577
*0.734
*1.269
*1.211
0.302


.
) (9

0.37
7.67
36.4
35.5
1552

0
8
19
0.34
7.63
36.3
36
1317

8
8
74

0.34
7.66
36.4

35
874
7
4
03

0.37
7.68
36.2

35
1122
5
6
74

0.23
3.85
21.0
20
1552

6
4
79
0.22
3.87
21.1
21
1317

0
3
67

0.24
3.86
21.0

20
874
5
9
77

0.20
3.86
21.1

21
1122
8
3
75

0.88
4.95
21.5
20
1552

8
0
90
0.89
4.94
21.5
20
1317

7
1
67

0.88
4.92
21.6

20
874
8
4
02

0.91
4.95
21.5

20
1122
7
0
69

) (9


) 0.208 ( 0.917 3

.

36

) (10

3
486
1
486
4
3
486
1
486
4
3
486
1
486
4

15.075
285707. 2
04
285722. 2
78

5.025
58.77
5

10.479

3.493

72573.2 8
5
72583.7
6
4
0.916
118747. 5
07
118748. 4
22

14.93
0

** 3.78 = 0.01
2.60 = 0.05

37

0.085

0.234

0.305
24.42
9
0.012

21

20.5

20

) ( 2

) (10 ) ( 2

0.05
) 0.012 ( 0.234
0.05
) (6 ) (10 )
(1

38

LSD
:
:
)
(39.568
)(30.694

) (23.875

). (18.584
:
) (26.488

). (19.551
) ( 7 ) ( 2


.
-
) (11
) ( 15
) (11

39

15.23

0
15.80

3
15.04

9
17.32

16.28

2
16.81
8

17.42
9

16.12
0

14.89

7
15.32

5
15.96

0
17.80

15.99

9

16.54
3

18.06
6

16.20
0

15.80

16.03

40

15

1.595

0.328

16

1.425

0.034

15

1.476

18

2.388

16

1.772

0.253

17

1.553

0.578

17

1.012

0.152

16

1.884

0.140

15

1.440

0.621

15

1.424

0.668

15

1.191

0.778

18

0.904

16

1.287

17

2.709

18

1.600

16

1.867

17

1.915

15

1.654

0.559
0.248

0.842
0.018
0.269
0.649
0.017
0.324
0.369

15.10
6
14.10
9
16.38
5
16.88
4
18.29
9
15.92
3

15

1.265

0.108

14

1.204

0.206

16

1.618

0.202

17

2.351

20

2.271

16

2.074

0.363
0.858
0.323

) ( 11



) 0.0858 - (0.778

3 .
) (11

1.30
14.0

0.39
14
6
90
3

0.38
1.61
15.9

15

0
9
24
1.11
16.4

0.08
17
0
86
4
0.48
1.21
15
15.6

3
5
30

41

14.2
76

15

1.31
6

16.7
99

17

2.14
7

15.6
20
15.4
81

15
15

2.19
1
1.81
8

14.5
45

15

1.59
1

14.0
70

14

1.80
2

16.8
15

17

1.64
1

16.9
20

17

1.84
8

15.4
65
17.3
26

15
17

1.51
4
1.57
7

17.7
47

18

1.07
1

15.9
38

16

2.08
7

0.40
5
0.34
0
0.23
6
0.15
6
0.17
1
0.61
8
0.29
2
0.41
3
0.31
3
0.29
6
0.56
9
0.13
8

) (11


) 0.569- ( 0.618
3 .

42

) (12

6
636.77 3820.63

3
9

485

13444.01
8

2.767
7
230.098
17264.65 486
**
4

6
937.167 5623.001

485

11339.99

2.334
9
**401.478
16963.00 486
4

6
1022.43 6134.603

485

14794.33
8

3.045
7
**335.735
20928.94 486
4

0
**328.005

6
772.413 4634.476

485

11440.01
8

2.355
5
16074.49 486

43

486
4

16074.49
1

1403.91
6

7
8423.505

485
12752.87

8
2.625
2

21176.37 486
**534.800
7
4

* 0.05
** 2.80 = 0.01
= 2.09
) (12 ) ( 3
) ( 3

0.01 ) 230.098 ( 534.800

LSD ) .( 12
16
14
12
10

44

16
14
12
10

16
14
12
10

) ( 3

17

16

15

14

13

45

12

16
14
12
10

) ( 3

) (13

LSD

76.15

46

79.01
5
75.24
5

15.23
0
15.80
3
15.04
9

1.595
1.425
1.476

0.573
*

0.181
*
0.754
*

*2.100

*1.052

*1.588

*2.199

*1.527

*0.480

*1.015

*1.626

*2.281

*1.233

*1.769

*2.380

86.64
5

81.41

84.09

87.14
5
74.48
5
76.62
5

79.8

90.33

79.01

80.19
5

75.53

70.54
5
81.92
5

84.42

91.49
5

70.45

79.62

82.43

78.15

71.38

83.99
5

78.1

47

89.02
5
79.99
5
82.71
5

72.72
5
70.35

17.32
9
16.28
2
16.81
8
17.42
9
14.89
7
15.32
5
15.96
0
17.80
5
15.99
9
16.54
3
18.06
6
15.80
2
16.03
9
15.10
6
14.10
9
16.38
5
16.88
4
18.29
9
14.09
0
15.92
4
16.48
6
15.63
0
14.27
6
16.79
9
15.62
0
14.54
5
14.07

*1.047

2.388
1.772

*0.512

0.099

*0.536

*1.147
*0.611

1.553
1.012
1.440

0.428
*

1.424

1.062
*
0.634
*

1.191

*2.908

*1.101

*1.646

*3.169

*2.480

*0.673

*1.218

*2.741

*1.845

0.039

*0.583

*2.106

*1.806

0.904
1.287

*1.262

*0.261

*0.544

*2.067
*1.523

2.709
1.600
1.915

0.236
*

1.654

0.696
*
0.933
*

1.265

*1.693

*0.583

*1.082

*2.497

*1.929

*0.346

*0.846

*2.261

*0.997

*1.279

*1.778

*3.193

*2.276

*2.775

*4.190

*0.499

*1.914

1.204
1.618

*1.415

2.351
2.271
1.306

1.834
*

1.619

2.395
*
0.562
*

1.110

*1.539

*0.186

*2.709

*1.530

*0.294

*1.647

*0.875

*0.304

*0.856

*2.209

*0.313

*0.866

*1.353

*1.169

0.010

*2.522

*1.344

1.215
1.316

*1.179

2.147
2.191
1.591
1.802

0.475
*

2.270
*
2.746

*2.375

*0.919

*2.781

*3.202

*2.850

*1.395

*3.257

*3.678

84.07
5

84.6

77.32
5

86.63

88.73
5

0
16.81
5
16.92
0
15.46
5
17.32
6
17.74
7

*
1.641
1.848

0.104

*1.351

*0.511

*0.932

*1.455

*0.407

*0.828

*1.862

*2.283

1.514
1.577
1.071

) ( 13




.
) (14

16.08
0.140 1.879
16

4
16.16
0.127 1.884
16

16.13
0.140 1.889
16
2

16.11

0.156 1.889
16
2

16.16
0.034 1.860
16

16.24
0.005 1.882
16

16.20

0.008 1.888
16
4

16.19

0.014 1.845
16
2

0.315 2.070
16
15.92

48

*0.421

0
15.93
5
15.95
2
15.88
9
15.46
6
15.50
6
15.48
3
15.47
0
15.91
4
15.96
6
15.95
7
15.92
4

16

2.091

0.321

16

2.073

0.323

16

2.064

0.339

15

1.815

0.152

15

1.831

0.179

15

1.828

0.159

15

1.800

0.132

16

2.084

16

2.087

16

2.093

16

2.086

0.125
0.145
0.137
0.150

) (14


) 0.125-
( 0.339 3

.
) (15

49

4.443

486

17260.2

1
486

13
17264.6

56

4.716
16958.2

1.481
3.551

1.572

486

1
486

84
16963.0

00

2.186

486

20926.7

1
486

55
20928.9

40

1.326

486

16073.1

1
486

65
16074.4

91

2.404

0.801

486

21173.9

4.356

50

0.417

3.489

0.451

0.729
4.305

0.169

0.442
3.307

0.134

0.184

486

21176.3

77
4

** 3.78 = 0.01

2.60 = 0.05
16.2
16.15
16.1
16.05

16

16
15.8
15.6
15.4
15.2
15

51

) ( 4

15.4
15.2
15

15.9
15.7
15.5

) ( 4

) (15 ) ( 4

0.05
) 0.134 ( 0.451
. 0.05
) ( 11 ) ( 15

LSD :
:
) (17.429
). (15.049

52

:
) (18.066
-
). (14.897
* :
) (299
). (14.109
* :
) (16.799

)(14.90
* :
) (17.747

) (14.070


.
- ) ( 16 ) ( 23
:
) ( ) (16

53

29.75
%
19.25
%
21.25
%
3.25
%
26.50
%

26.50
%
13.75
%
13.25
%
23.25
%
23.25
%

26.50
%

26.50
%

26.50
%

23.25
%

10%

3.25%

4.50%

6%

25.75
%
11.25
%
26.50
%

16%

19.50
%

27.75
%
26.50
%

26.50
%

14.25
%
33.25
%
23.25
%

23.25
%
12.25
%
27.50
%
13.75
%
23.25
%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

23%

26.04
9.86
19.64
19.36
25.11
100.0
0

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) (

) ( 5
) (16 ) ( 5

) (%29.75
)(%3.25
) (17

29.75
%
3.25
%
24%
13.25
%
29.75
%
100%

26.50
%
13%

26.50
%
10%

17.50
%
16.50
%
26.50
%
100%

30.50
%
6.50
%
26.50
%
100%

26.50
%
3.25
%
37.25
%
6.50
%
26.50
%
100%

26.50
%
8.50
%
28%

26.50
%
8.75
%
25.25
%
11%

26.50
%
12.25
%
22%
13%

28.50
%
100%

26.25
30
%
100%
25

13.25
%
23.75
%
100%

20
15
10
5
0

) (

54

26.96
8.43
26.36
11.43
26.82
100.0
0

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) (

) ( 6

) (17 ) ( 6
) (%26.82
) (%26.96 ) (%26.36
) (%11.43 )(%8.43

) (18

55

19.75

36.50

16.50

12.50

6.50

23.25

%
3.25

%
6.50

%
3.25

%
29.75

%
20.25

5%

%
12.75

17.14

%
23.25

%
24%

%
3.25

%
16.25

%
3.25

13%
13.75

%
26.25

12.68
15.71

%
16.50

%
40.50

%
26.50

%
33.50

14%
39.75

%
16.50

%
36.50

%
36.50

35%
33.25

15%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

%
23.50
%
13.25

27.07
27.25
100.0
0

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) (

) ( 7

) (18 ) ( 7

) (%27.25 ) (%27.07
) (%17.14 ) (%15.71 )
. (%12.68

) (19

56

29.75

26.50

26.50

26.50

26.50

26.50

26.50

%
3.25

%
19.25

%
28.25

%
3.25

%
3.25

%
9.25

%
6.50

14%

%
20.50

%
12.25

%
27.25

%
23.25

%
15.25

23.25

%
7.25

%
6.50

%
16.50

%
20.50

%
22.50

25.50

%
29.75

%
26.50

%
26.50

%
26.50

%
26.50

%
26.50

%
24.50

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

17%

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) ( 8

) (19 ) ( 8
)(%26.96
) (%26.68 ) (%18.50
) (%17.43 ). (%10.43

57

26.96
10.43
18.50
17.43
26.68
100.0
0

) (20

29.8

26.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

26.5

%
27.0

%
17.0

%
20.0

%
23.8

%
17.0

4.3%

3.3%

%
15.0

%
13.3

21.8

30.5

%
19.5

%
30.5

%
13.3

%
23.3

%
13.3

%
14.8

%
23.3

%
24.3

%
26.5

%
24.3

26.5

100.0

%
100.0

%
100.0

%
100.0

%
100.0

%
100.0

%
100.0

100.0

3.3%

30.3

9.8%

6.3%
26.5

7.3%

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) (9

58

26.96
14.25
20.89
15.46
23.00

) (20 ) ( 9
)
(%26.96 ) (%23 ) (%20.89
) (%15.46 ).(%14.25

) ( 21

29.75

26.50

26.50

26.50

26.50

27.25

26.50

%
7.25

%
3.25

%
13.25

%
7.25

%
13.25

%
23.25

%
13.25

17%

23%

18%

21.75

%
9.50

26.50

13.25

15.75

%
8.25

%
31.75

6.50

%
26.50

%
26.75

%
23.25

%
26.50

%
26.50

%
24.25

%
25.75

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

59

14%

17%

28%

27.07
10.75
20.07
16.46
25.64
100.0
0

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) (

) (10

) (21 ) ( 10
)
(% 27.07 ) (% 25.64
) (%20.07 ) (%16.46
). (%10.75

) ( 22

60

29.75%

26.50%

26.50%

26.50%

26.50%

26.50%

25.50%

26.82

12.00%

7.25%

12.25%

9.75%

13.25%

10.25%

9.25%

10.57

13.25%

19.25%

18.75%

14.00%

23.75%

13.50%

21.50%

17.71

15.25%

20.50%

19.25%

23.25%

13.25%

26.50%

17.25%

19.32

29.75%

26.50%

23.25%

26.50%

23.25%

23.25%

26.50%

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

25.57
100.00

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

) ( 11

) (22 ) ( 11
)
(%26.82 ) (%25.57
) (%19.32 ) (%17.71 )
. (%10.57

) (23

61

26.8 27.0 26.9 26.9 17.1 26.9 26.0

3.18

9.86

19.6
4

19.3
6
25.1
1

6
8.43
26.3
6
11.4
3
26.8
2

4
12.6
8
15.7
1
27.0
7
27.2
5

6
10.4
3
18.5
0

6
14.2
5
20.8
9

7
10.7
5
20.0
7

2
10.5
7
17.7
1

17.4
3

15.4
6

16.4
6

19.3
2

26.6
8

23.0
0

25.6
4

25.5
7

) (23


.
) ( :
: )
(
) (26.04
) ( ) (25.11 )
( )
(19.64
: ) (
) ( )
( ) (26.96

: ) (
) ( )
(27.25
) ( )
(
: )
( )
( )(26.96

62

1.99
3.38
7.64
0.48

) (
) ( )
(18.5
: )
( ) (
) (26.96 ) (

: )
( ) (
) ( 27.07 ) (
.
: )
( ) (
) (26.82 )
( )
(
***

.
:



)
" (2001



"( 9 : 25 ).
)" (1994



"(20 :6).

63




.

.



.


:
.
) (1996
) (1998








) : 39 ) ( 12 : 48
( 40







.

64


.

)( 52 : 37 ) (1991
) (1997




( 72 : 52) .




.
)" (2006






"( 36 : 42 ) .




.

.

65



) (50 ) ( 2008 "
" ) (3562 18
) (%51.5 )
(%48.5 ) (%48.7 )
(%51.3 ) (30-18
.

)
( )
. (%81.4

) (%61.5
) (%34.5 ) (%14.4 )(%14.2

.
) (%84.6


%25
2 14
4
11
%40
) ( 87



.


.

66



.
)" (1994
".
) ( 14 : 27



( 56: 43 ).



.
( Dirk Eanlw (2006) (55





.





.






67


.



.









%22

%10 )
(

.





.






)
(.

68

) ( 19 ) (2007
-:










.
)
(AAHPER


( 77 ) .

) (2001



( 138 : 8 ) .
"

.
.

.
"
" ) (11


. "

69

( ) (4


) ( 83


.

.
.





.

.

.

.


.


.
) ( 2007




70











"
) ( 110 109 : 19
) ( 2008



( 22 : 85 ) .
:

-:
-1

.
-2


-3




.
-4

.

.

71

-5






.
-6




.
-7



.
-8




.


:
:






...

72



. 20/2/2008



.


.







.


/ /
/ / / /
/ / / / .
:
-1
) (
)(1


-1 )" :(2003
"
-2 )" :(1998 "
.
-3 ) :(1997
1 13 .

73

-4 )" :(2001
"

.
-5 )" :(1997
" ) (

.
-6 )" :(1994 "
.
-7 )" :(2005 "
.
-8 )" :(2001 "
.
-9 )" :(2000
" .
-10 ) :(2000 "
.
-11 )" :(1997
"
.
-12 )" :(2004 " .
-13 )" :(1997 "


.
-14 )" : (1994
" )
( 20 .
-15 ) ": ( 2000
"
.
-16 )" :(1999

" )
(32 .
-17 )" : (2003 "
.

74

-18 )" : ( 1993 " .


-19 )" :(2007
" .
-20 )" : (2008 "
.
-21 )" :(1993
"

.
-22 )" : (1997 " .
-23 )" : (1997
"

.
-24 )" :(2002
"

.
-25 )" : ( 2001

" . ) (22
.
-26 )" :(1991
" .
-27 )" :(1994 "
.
-28 )" :(1993
" .
-29 )" :(1993
"
.
-30 )" :(1997

"
.
-31 )" :(1999
"
.

75

-32 )" :(1991 "



.
-33 )" :(1999 "

-34 )" :(1997 " 4
.
-35 )" :(1997
" .
-36 )" :(2000
"

.
-37 )" :(1991 "

.
-38 )" :(2002 "
.
-39 )" : (1998
"
.
-40 ) : (2008


-41 )" :(1998 "

.
-42 ) " : (2006 "
.
-43 ).(" : ".
.
-44 )" : ( 2002 "
.
-45 )" :(1996 "
.
-46 )" :(2001 " .
-47 )" : ( 2006 "
4 .

76

" :(1996) -48


. 2 "
" :(2006) -49
"

" " : ( 2008) -50
.
" : (1989) -51
"
.
" " :(1997) -52
. 12
:
Berk. L . E (1998): Child Developing 4th ed Boston, Allyn. Bacon -53
54- Davis, K.A. (1994): Sport management successful private sector
business Strategies, U.S.A., W.M.C. Brown
Communications, Inc,
55- Dirk W. Eanly (2006): An Empirical in Instigation of determints
of Street email address, early
of@southweesternedu,10511377/&/seefro
nth Mothroo 5Elsevier, Inc-All.
56- Gderdingen (1994): A balanced program for young child
spontaneous and structure singing:
paper presented at the music early
childhood conference.
57- Hlmi Ibrahim, katblee .A .cords (1996): outdoor recreation W.C.B
brown Benchmark.
58- Jackson Philip Jr (2003): ``The Role of the School Leadership in
Addressing School Violence in Boston
Secondary School, Dissertation Abstract
International, Vol 64 (3).
59- Kristin, Ferguson Neala Dabir B. Karl Dortz Hech uni of southern
California, School of Social work, 669 went
34th street los Angilos CA 90089-0411-Unites
State.Compartive analysis of faith-based

77

programs serving ho melen and street living


You in los angles Mumbai and Nair.

60- Lowry Earlema, et al (2001): ``The Making of UM Inviting Big


School in Rual North Carolina: Research on
Safa Schools. Paper Presented at the Annual
meeting of the eastern Educational Research
Association (Hilton head, SC, February 1417), North Caroline.
61- Laxly. W. 1995 Wastage in Education, the International
Encyclopedia of Education Research and
Studies, Vol. 9 Paris.
62-Morey Elizabeth A (2002): ``A staff based Approach to High
School Dating Violence Prevention
Programming Dissertation Abstract
International Vol 63 (6).
63- Segal. M (1998): ``Your Child at Play Brith tone your Discovering
the Senses and learning about the world. 2nd.
64-Show, Gand Williams A (1994): ``critical Issued in recreation, A
geographical perspectives. Black welloxford

:
" : " -65
.www.bab.com
" " -66
.www.amanjordan.org
" " -67
www.ahewar.org
( ) -68
.www.hakwy.com / vb / showthread
" " -69
www.puplit.alwatavoice.com

78

"2008 : " -70


www.awan.com
" : " -71
.www.amanjordan.com
72- Hart, Lawrence, et al (2003): ``Building Leadership Skills in
Middle School Girls through. Interscholastic
Athletics. http://www.ericdigests.org.
73- Sun, Ping-Yum (2003): ``Using Drama and Theatre to promote
itera
development`` Some Basic Classroom Applications.
http://www.ericdiests.org.
www.id3m.com

( 2008 ) -74

www.id3m.com

-75

www.id3m.com

-76

77. Science the Academic of leisure


www.eurogates.ni/ en dutch study-programmes-newuniveesties/id/7023

-:
" .78

.1992 "
" .79
.2004/2005
" " : .80
.2006 ( 95)

79

.81 "
". 2003
.82 8/2007
)201112 (.

.83
) -( .1998/ 10 / 30:26
.84
.1997- 23
.85 . 2008
.86 1996 23
.87 1023
25/4/2008
.88 ) (29 . 2006

.89 :


/ 29 : 27
2005/ 11
.90

.
.91 ) " (2008
".



) (

80

. /

. /

. . /

. . /

. / . /

. /
. /

. /





:
-1 )
(
.
-2 .
-3
.


) (4865 (2800)



.

81




)
(

Summary
Drawing up a Strategy for the recreational Activity to
Face the Pre University Education Escape Phenomena
Prof.Dr.Taha Abdulrehim Taha Prof.Dr.Samia Hassan
Prof.Dr in the department of recreation
Assistant .Prof.Affaf Khalil Algalaad
Assistant .Prof. Nabilah Mahmed Abbas
Assistant .Prof.Dr. in the department of recreation
Dr.Ebtesam Mohamed Abdel Aall Dr.Nabila Abdel Menem Shehata
Dr.Nahla Metwally Alsayed Dr.Sawsan Abdou Youssef
Dr.Rassa Abdulganny Albarbary
Lecturer in the department of recreatio
Faculty of Physical Education for Girls
Alexandria University

The pre- University education escape represents a serious


problem on the individual and social level, that`s because the school
lost its educational role in attracting students so this study aims has a
theoretical and applied importance, because it aims to drawing up a
strategic for the recreational activity to face the Pre University
Education escape Phenomena through:
Study the reality problems (in the elementary preparatory, -1
(secondary stages
Study opportunities and threatens in the external community -2
Drawing up a suggested image of strategy for the recreational -3
activity to to face the Pre University Education escape
Phenomena .
With The research aims we resulted the research questions and
to answer it , the researchers utilized the descriptive survey method,

82

the sample was (4865) students , (2800) families, they were selected
randomly from directorates and sectors of Alexandria Governorate.
The Dta collection tools was a case study questionnaire
prepared with UNISIV, a questionnaire for the school attract, a
questionnaire for the socially attract, a questionnaire for accounting
the recreational activities in the schools prepared by the researchers .
The most important results are: there were a problems in the internal
and external environment of the student in all the educational levels
and all the educational directorates, so they drew up a strategy of the
recreational activity to face the Pre University Education escape
.Phenomena
So they drew up a strategy of the recreational activity to face
the escape with the sports , social , artistic ,campus activities
educational support and family support.

83

You might also like