Abstract for Eutrophication of lakes: Eutrophication is the response in water due to overenrichment by nutrients, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen,

and can occur under natural or manmade (anthropogenic) conditions. Manmade (or cultural) eutrophication, in the absence of control measures, proceeds at an accelerated rate compared to the natural phenomenon and is one of the main forms of water pollution. The resultant increase in fertility of affected lakes, reservoirs, slow-flowing rivers and certain coastal waters causes symptoms such as algal blooms, heavy growth of rooted aquatic plants (macrophytes), algal mats, deoxygenation and, in some cases, unpleasant odour, which often affects most of the vital uses of the water such as water supply, recreation, fisheries (both commercial and recreational), or aesthetics. In addition, lakes become unattractive for bathing, boating and other water oriented recreations. Most often economically and socially important species, such as salmonids decline or disappear and are replaced by coarser fish of reduced economic/social value.

Abstract for: Modern trends in construction: We have chosen to take a liberal view of what these trends are, recognizing that there are regional trends, as well as national trends and that there are many opinions, as well, in the industry. We must remember that what it really comes down to is what the new home owner really desires and is willing to pay for that drives some of these new trends in housing construction. There are trends in several different areas concerning home

construction, and we have chosen to discuss these within the following broad categories: Location Construction Energy Conservation Interior Design Comfort and Maintenance

Abstract for composite materials in construction: The principle of composite construction is to use different materials in combination to make best use of their particular characteristics. We wil discuss the following topics in this project: Advantages of composite floors Bending strength of composite beams Composite beam construction with alternative forms of floor slab Composite floors using conventional shallow decking Connection between beam and slab to achieve composite action Construction issues relating to shallow deck composite floors Deep deck composite floors Deflections of composite beams Design principles for composite beams Flexural strength calculations for composite beams Influence of the construction sequence on the deflection of composite beams.

Astract for Pre-engineered buiding design using staddpro. Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) concept is a new conception of industrial building construction. We will study, analyse and discuss a preengineered building for aircraft hangar using staddpro. This methodology is versatile not only due to its quality pre-designing and prefabrication, but also due to its light weight and economical construction. The concept includes the technique of providing the best possible section according to the optimum requirement. This concept has many advantages over the Conventional Steel Building (CSB) concept of buildings with roof truss. This paper is a comparative study of PEB concept and CSB concept. The study is achieved by deigning a typical frame of a proposed building for a aircraft hangar using both the concepts and analyzing the designed frames using the structural analysis and design software .

Abstract for alternative low cost materials used in construction: The shortage of housing in developing countries motivates the search for low cost materials that can be applied in the construction of affordable houses for poor people. Many researchers have been studying the application of the locally abundant natural materials as building materials such as mud blocks, natural fibers reinforcing soil or cement etc. These materials and the traditional building techniques, which almost have vanished after the wide implementation of the building industry, are the main focus of the researchers on non-conventional materials and techniques at the present time of environmental crisis, which our globe is facing. In recent years the demand for structural wooden products for building materials has increased with increasing construction of housing. On the other hand, the quantity and quality of wood resources from the forest have been decreasing. Consequently, the search for substitute materials in place of the traditional uses of wood has been renewed by Bamboo. In particular, is considered a promising alternate material because of its fast growth rate, short rotation age,

and high strength. There is always need of low cost mass housing schemes for people earthquake affected areas, emergency structures in different situations. With the aim to utilize strength properties of bamboo in low cost housing research project work is undertaken.