Module 9D SPE 68879

Fullfield Numerical Simulation Using Geostatistical Reservoir Model of Upper Main Body B Reservoir, Monterey Stevens Formation, Elk Hills, California
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By: Tom Hampton, Schlumberger, H-RT Corinne Danielli, Oxy Elk Hills Don McChesney, Oxy Elk Hills S.P. Singh, Oxy Elk Hills

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Study Objective
Evaluate infill drilling, re-completion of wells Evaluate pattern waterflooding in selected areas Forecast production and injection volumes for facilities sizing and design. Identify additional artificial lift requirements Validate OOIP, IGIP, and remaining free gas

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Workflow and Project Schedule

Workflow and Project Schedule were created for the integrated project team Keys:

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tight time schedule

cost efficiency See next 2 slides

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Integrated Study Workflow Static Model -> Dynamic Model

Events, Production data

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Grid building FloViz, GRID Well data preparation Schedule Rock data SCAL Processing Eclipse 100 Analysis GRID FloViz Graf

Predictions
Wellbore Hydraulics VFPi

Geological model

History Matching

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Simplified Workflow
TASK Define project goals, objectives and scope DATA COLLECTION AND QC Add core, log, pressure, production, injection, completion data PETROPHYSICS Review, Rebuild, Re-apply Petrophysical Model GEOLOGY Review Markers, Develop Stratigraphic Model, Make 3D Model GEOSTATISTICAL MODELING Load (RC)2, Run Variances, Review 3D Model, OOIP, IGIP SIMULATION FLOW MODEL CONSTRUCTION Define Simulation Grid, Upscale, Import to Eclipse, Initialize FLOW MODEL HISTORY MATCHING Prepare Rate Schedule, Match Pressures, Sat. PI's, Sensitivity FLOW PREDICTIONS Base Case, Prediction Cases, Document PHASE II UPDATE WITH SEISMIC
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1 2 3 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2

Repeat Process with Seismic Interpretation

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Material Balance Match Before History Matching - 1

Material balance model developed with same properties as FFM Recorded gas and water injection rates resulted in a field pressure several thousand Psi too high
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Material Balance Match Before History Matching - 2

Assumed that fluids migrated into the Shale Reservoir injection wells fractured Injection water lost 20% Injection gas lost 50% These results used in FFM.

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Reservoir Characterization
Geological mapping and correlation

Nine zones sand beds laterally extensive- provide lateral flow continuity Logs from 725 wells 413 modern log suites 28 wells cored

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Geostatistical Techniques
Build geocellular models for porosity, permeability, and net pay Variograms applied to each sector First a review of Semivariance (4 slides) Then see figure

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Geostatistical Model
Geostatistical models had approx. 25,000,000 cells 260 layers Permeability estimated from effective porosity Seven sectors based on reservoir behavior

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Geostatistical Model
PHIE
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PERM Sectors

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Numerical Simulation Model

240 x 240 x 20 feet grid blocks 20 layers 82,000 active cells Geostatistical software upscales/scales-up from 25,000,000 cells to 82,000 grid blocks Only one realization used for HM

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Upscaling & Volumetrics

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260 LAYERS ~25,000,000 cells

20 LAYERS, 82,000 active cells

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Oil In Place by Layer and Sector

R E P O R T O U T B Y LA Y E R
O O IP ,M M S T B L a ye r UBA
SENO S N FTR

R E P O R T O U T B Y S E C TO R
O O IP , M M S T B

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UBA1
3G -4G C T L

UBA2 UBA3 LA Y E R S UBB1 UBB2 U B B 3U U B B 3L

NW NO S 31S C rest S outh 5G -32S C TL 31S C rest N orth

E cl ip se

UBB4
TO TAL

R E G IO N

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Fluid in Place Regions

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Sequence of History Match

Pressure match Field water oil ratio match Field gas oil ratio match

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History Match of Field Rates and Pressures

WATER, BWPD

PRESSURE
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Red - Historical Black - Simulation Model

OIL, BOPD GAS, MCFPD

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History Match GOR

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History Match WCUT

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Oil Saturation from Cross Section Using FloViz

Start

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At End of History Run

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Key Changes Required In the HM Process

To match water production: Reduce vertical permeability To match gas production:

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Add reservoir volume near large gas injector Modify gas relative permeability

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4 Prediction Cases
Base case continued operation of current wells Evaluate a project that is underway Conversion of 24 producers into water injectors Effectively converting from peripheral water flood to pattern Reduce water injection with no conversions

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381-31S 331-32S

Pattern WaterFlood
352-32S 342-32S 353-32S 351X -32S 32 362-32S 382-32S 382-33S
-6 3 0 0-6 4 0 0 -6 5 0 0 -6 6 0 0 -6 5 0 0 -6 8 0 0

322H -32S

332-32S

33

322-34S

342-34S
-6 8 0 0 -6 7 0 0

-6 8 0 0

34
322-35S
-6 7 0 0

362-34S

342X -35S
-6 8 0 0

333-32S 373-32S 324-32S 344A -32S 344-32S

333-33S

363X -33S 353-33S 373-33S

313-34S 314-34S

323-34S 333-34S 333A -34S 324-34S

343-34S 353-34S 373-34S

-6 4 0 0

333-35S 313-35S
-6 3 0 0 -6 6 0 0

353H -35S

314-33S 364H -32S 384-32S

324-33S 324A -33S

384-33S 344-33S 364H -33S374-33S 364X -33S 355-33S

354-34S

314-35S 374-34S384-34S 324-35S 334-35S 344-35S 325-35S 335-35S 355-35S

344H -34S

364-34S

355-32S

375-32S

385-32S 386-32S

315H -33S 315-33S

335-33S

385X -33S 375-33S

315-34S 325-34S 315A -34S 326-34S

335-34S

345-34S 355-34S 365-34S 375-34S

385-34S315-35S

346X-34S
346-34S 356-34S 336X -34S 366-34S 376-34S 5-377-34S 347-34S 338-34S 348-34S 358-34S 368-34S 378-34S 311-2G 331-2G
-6 1 0 0 -6 0 0 0

316A -32S

326-32S

346-32S

366-32S

326-33S 346-33S 356X -33S 337-33S 337H A -33S 327H -33S 327X -33S 347-33S 317-33S 327-33S

316X-34S
366-33S 376-33S 386-33S 367X -33S 377-33S 387-33S 357-33S 357A -33S 367-33S 348X -33S 358A -33S 368-33S 317-34S

386-34S

316-35S

326-35S

336-35S 346-35S 347-35S

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367-32S 357-32S 327H -32S 318-32S328-32S

00

377H -32S 338-32S 348-32S

-4 8 0 0

327-34S

337-34S

367-34S 357-34S

357-35S

387H -34S317-35S

327-35S 337-35S

368A H -32S 368X -32S 368A -32S 378-32S

388-32S 328-33S 311-4G 338H -33S 338-33S 348-33S 331-4G

358X -33S

378-33S 318-34S 328-34S 388-33S

388-34S 318-35S

328-35S 338-35S

348-35S

311H -5G 321-5G

-5 0 0 0

341-5G -4 9 0 0 351H -5G 361X -5G 5 362-5G

-5 3 0 0 -5 4 0 0

351X -4G 371-4G 351-4G 381-4G 311-3G

-5 9 0 0

381-5G

322H -5G

312X-4G

332-5G
-5 2 0 0

-5 1 0 0

352-5G

332-4G 382A -5G 312-4G 382H -5G 342-4G 322H -4G

313H -4G323-4G

342X-4G

321H -3G 331-3G 342A -3G 342-3G 352X -3G

371-3G

351-2G

321-2G

362-4G 353-5G 373H -5G 383-5G 363-5G -5 5 0 0

-5 6 0 0

381X-4G 372-4G 382-4G

4
373-4G 313-3G

322H -3G

3 362-3G 362A -3G

382-3G

312-2G 322-2G 342-2G

313-5G

333-5G

343-4G 333-4G 9-354H -4G 364-4G

333-3G 353-3G
-6 2 0 0

373-3G

313-2G

333-2G 353-2G

324X -5G
-6 4 0 0 314X -5G -6 5 0 0

344-5G

364-5G

-5 7 0 0 -5 8 0 0

384-5G

324-4G

384-4G

314-3G

324-3G

344-3G 354-3G 364-3G 384-3G 324-2G

355X -5G
-6 3 0 0

315-4G 375-5G

335-4G

335A -5G

355-4G 365U -4G

375-4G 315-3G 335-3G

Case3: 24 conversions, 1 new well

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Predictions: Oil Production Rates

1. 2. 3. 4. Continued operation In progress project Convert 24 wells to water injection Reduce water injection
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Prediction Cases: Recovery and Peak Rate Results

PERCENT PREDICTION IMPROVEMENT Peak Oil Rate CASES RECOVERY BOPD 1 2 3 4
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BASE CASE CURRENT PROJECT PATTERN 24 CONVERSIONS REDUCED WATER INJECTION

0.0 2.5 5.8 -10.3

6,800 7,800 11,300 6,800

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Limitations of Model
Seismic Interpretation was not available for this model.
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Does not have detailed faults. Communication established in West UMBB.

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Value of Simulation Study

Improved Utilization of Existing Data
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Improved Understanding of Reservoir Communication with Other Reservoirs Vertical Transmissibility Between Layers Different Areal (Sectors) Reservoir Behavior Model to Make What If Scenarios

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Conclusions:
Time savings

Geostatistics reduced history match adjustments

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parallel processing

Integrated Team Approach

Geology, Geophysicist, Engineering provided improved model understanding

Improved development planning of UMBB

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