Ec Gate2013

GATE EC GATE_2013_EC
Q.1 to Q.25 carry one mark each.

MCQ 1.1
A bulb in a staircase has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and the other one at the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by any one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic of switching of the bulb resembles (A) and AND gate (B) an OR gate (C) an XOR gate (D) a NAND gate
SOL 1.1
Let A denotes the position of switch at ground floor and B denotes the position of switch at upper floor. The switch can be either in up position or down position. Following are the truth table given for different combinations of A and B A up(1) Down(0) up(1) B up(1) Down(0) Down(0) Y(Bulb) OFF(0) OFF(0) ON(1)
Down(0) up(1) ON(1) When the switches A and B are both up or both down, output will be zero (i.e. Bulb will be OFF). Any of the switch changes its position leads to the ON state of bulb. Hence, from the truth table, we get Y = A5B i.e., the XOR gate Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.2
v ^r v : dl v can be expressed vh. The closed loop line integral A Consider a vector field A as vh : ds v over the closed surface bounded by the loop (A) ^d # A vh dv over the closed volume bounded by the loop (B) ^d : A
(C) (D)
## ### vh dv over the open volume bounded by the loop ### ^d : A vh : ds v over the open surface bounded by the loop ## ^d # A
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SOL 1.2
v around a closed path Stokes theorem states that the circulation a vector field A v over the open surface S bounded l is equal to the surface integral of the curl of A by l . v : dl vh : ds v= v ^d # A i.e., A
##
Here, line integral is taken across a closed path which is denoted by a small circle vh is taken over on the integral notation where as, the surface integral of ^d # A open surface bounded by the loop. Hence correct option is (D)
MCQ 1.3
Two systems with impulse responses h1 ^ t h and h2 ^ t h are connected in cascade. Then the overall impulse response of the cascaded system is given by (A) product of h1 ^ t h and h2 ^ t h (B) sum of h1 ^ t h and h2 ^ t h (C) convolution of h1 ^ t h and h2 ^ t h
(D) subtraction of h2 ^ t h from h1 ^ t h

SOL 1.3
If the two systems with impulse response h1 ^ t h and h2 ^ t h are connected in cascaded configuration as shown in figure, then the overall response of the system is the convolution of the individual impulse responses.
Hence correct option is (C)

MCQ 1.4
In a forward biased pn junction diode, the sequence of events that best describes the mechanism of current flow is (A) injection, and subsequent diffusion and recombination of minority carriers (B) injection, and subsequent drift and generation of minority carriers (C) extraction, and subsequent diffusion and generation of minority carriers (D) extraction, and subsequent drift and recombination of minority carriers
SOL 1.4
The potential barrier of the pn junction is lowered when a forward bias voltage is applied, allowing electrons and holes to flow across the space charge region (Injection) when holes flow from the p region across the space charge region into the n region, they become excess minority carrier holes and are subject to diffuse, drift and recombination processes. Hence correct option is (A) In IC technology, dry oxidation (using dry oxygen) as compared to wet oxidation Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
MCQ 1.5
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(using steam or water vapor) produces (A) superior quality oxide with a higher growth rate (B) inferior quality oxide with a higher growth rate (C) inferior quality oxide with a lower growth rate (D) superior quality oxide with a lower growth rate
SOL 1.5
In IC technology, dry oxidation as compared to wet oxidation produces superior quality oxide with a lower growth rate Hence correct option is (D) The maximum value of until which the approximation sin . holds to within 10% error is (A) 10c (B) 18c (C) 50c (D) 90c
MCQ 1.6
SOL 1.6
Here, as we know Lim sin . 0 "0 but for 10% error, we can check option (B) first, = 18c = 18c # = 0.314 180c sin = sin 18c = 0.309 % error = 0.314 0.309 # 100% = 0.49% 0.309 Now, we check it for = 50c = 50c = 50c # = 0.873 180c
sin = sin 50c = 0.77 % error = 0.77 0.873 = 12.25% 0.873 so, the error is more than 10% . Hence, for error less than 10%, = 18c can have the approximation sin . Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.7
v = xa tx + ya ty + za tz is The divergence of the vector field A (A) 0 (B) 1/3 (C) 1 (D) 3 v = xa vx + ya vy + za vz A so, Ay 2 Ax + 2 v (Divergence of A v) =2 d$A + Az 2 x 2 y 2 z
SOL 1.7
Given, the vector field
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= 1+1+1 = 3 Hence correct option is (D)

MCQ 1.8
The impulse response of a system is h ^ t h = tu ^ t h. For an input u ^t 1h, the output is 2 t ^t 1h (B) (A) t u ^ t h u ^t 1h 2 2
SOL 1.8
^t 1h2 u ^t 1h 2 Given, the input x ^ t h = u ^t 1h Its laplace transform is s X ^s h = e s

(C)
2 (D) t 1 u ^t 1h 2
The impulse response of system is given h^t h = t u^t h Its Laplace transform is H ^s h = 1 s2 Hence, the overall response at the output is Y ^s h = X ^s h H ^s h s =e3 s its inverse laplace transform is ^t 1h2 y^t h = u ^t 1h 2 Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.9
The Bode plot of a transfer function G ^s h is shown in the figure below.
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The gain _20 log G ^s h i is 32 dB and 8 dB at 1 rad/s and 10 rad/s respectively. The phase is negative for all . Then G ^s h is .8 (B) 392 (A) 39.8 s s (C) 32 (D) 32 s s2 From the given plot, we obtain the slope as 20 log G2 20 log G1 Slope = log w2 log w1 From the figure 20 log G2 20 log G1 and 1 2 So, the slope is = 8 dB = 32 dB = 1 rad/s = 10 rad/s
SOL 1.9
Slope = 8 32 log 10 log 1
= 40 dB/decade Therefore, the transfer function can be given as G ^s h = k2 S at = 1 G ^ j h = k 2 = k w In decibel, 20 log G ^ jh = 20 log k = 32 or, k = 10 = 39.8 Hence, the Transfer function is
32 20
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.8 G ^s h = k2 = 392 s s Hence correct option is (B)

MCQ 1.10
In the circuit shown below what is the output voltage ^Vouth if a silicon transistor Q and an ideal op-amp are used?
(A) 15 V (C) + 0.7 V

SOL 1.10
(B) 0.7 V (D) + 15 V
For the given ideal op-amp, negative terminal will be also ground (at zero voltage) and so, the collector terminal of the BJT will be at zero voltage. i.e., VC = 0 volt The current in 1 k resistor is given by I = 5 0 = 5 mA 1 k This current will flow completely through the BJT since, no current will flow into the ideal op-amp ( I/P resistance of ideal op-amp is infinity). So, for BJT we have VC = 0 VB = 0 IC = 5 mA i.e.,the base collector junction is reverse biased (zero voltage) therefore, the collector current ( IC ) can have a value only if base-emitter is forward biased. Hence, VBE = 0.7 volts & VB VE = 0.7 & 0 Vout = 0.7 or, Vout = 0.7 volt Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.11
Consider a delta connection of resistors and its equivalent star connection as shown below. If all elements of the delta connection are scaled by a factor k , k > 0 , the elements of the corresponding star equivalent will be scaled by a factor of
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(A) k2 (C) 1/k

SOL 1.11
(B) k (D) k
In the equivalent star connection, the resistance can be given as Rb Ra RC = Ra + Rb + Rc RB = RA = Ra Rc Ra + Rb + Rc Rb Rc Ra + Rb + Rc
So, if the delta connection components Ra , Rb and Rc are scaled by a factor k then ^k Rb h^k Rc h RAl = kRa + kRb + kRc
2 Rb Rc =k k Ra + Rb + Rc
= k RA hence, it is also scaled by a factor k Hence correct option is (B)

MCQ 1.12
For 8085 microprocessor, the following program is executed. MVI A, 05H; MVI B, 05H; PTR: ADD B; DCR B; JNZ PTR; ADI 03H; HLT; At the end of program, accumulator contains (A) 17H (B) 20H (C) 23H (D) 05H
SOL 1.12
The program is being executed as follows MVI A, 0.5H; A = 05H MVI B, 0.5H; B = 05H At the next instruction, a loop is being introduced in which for the instruction DCR B if the result is zero then it exits from loop so, the loop is executed five times as follows :
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Content in B 05 04 03 02 01
Output of ADD B (Stored value at A) 05 + 05 05 + 05 + 04 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 + 01
00 System is out of loop i.e., A = 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 + 01 = 144 At this stage, the 8085 microprocessor exits from the loop and reads the next instruction. i.e., the accumulator is being added to 03 H. Hence, we obtain A = A + 03 H = 14 + 03 = 17 H Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.13
The bit rate of a digital communication system is R kbits/s . The modulation used is 32-QAM. The minimum bandwidth required for ISI free transmission is (A) R/10 Hz (B) R/10 kHz (C) R/5 Hz (D) R/5 kHz
SOL 1.13
In ideal Nyquist Channel, bandwidth required for ISI (Inter Symbol reference) free transmission is W = Rb 2 Here, the used modulation is 32 QAM (Quantum Amplitude modulation i.e., q = 32 or 2v = 32 v = 5 bits So, the signaling rate (sampling rate) is ( R " given bit rate) Rb = R 5 Hence, for ISI free transmission, minimum bandwidth is W = Rb = R kHz 2 10 Hence correct option is (B) For a periodic signal v ^ t h = 30 sin 100t + 10 cos 300t + 6 sin ^500t + /4h, the fundamental frequency in rad/s (A) 100 (B) 300 (C) 500 (D) 1500
MCQ 1.14
SOL 1.14
Given, the signal v ^ t h = 30 sin 100t + 10 cos 300t + 6 sin ^500t + 4h Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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So we have 1 = 100 rad/s 2 = 300 rad/s 3 = 500 rad/s Therefore, the respective time periods are T1 = 2 = 2 sec 1 100 T2 = 2 = 2 sec 2 300 T3 = 2 sec 500 So, the fundamental time period of the signal is LCM ^2, 2, 2h L.C.M. ^T1, T2 T3h = HCF ^100, 300, 500h or, T0 = 2 100 Hence, the fundamental frequency in rad/sec is 0 = 2 = 100 rad/s 10 Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.15
In a voltage-voltage feedback as shown below, which one of the following statements is TRUE if the gain k is increased?
(A) The input impedance increases and output impedance decreases (B) The input impedance increases and output impedance also increases (C) The input impedance decreases and output impedance also decreases (D) The input impedance decreases and output impedance increases
SOL 1.15
The i/p voltage of the system is given as Vin = V1 + Vf = V1 + k Vout = V1 + k A 0 V1
^Vout = A 0 V1h
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= V1 ^1 + k A 0h Therefore, if k is increased then input voltage is also increased so, the input impedance increases. Now, we have Vout = A 0 V1 Vin = A0 ^1 + k A 0h = A 0 Vin ^1 + k A 0h Since, Vin is independent of k when seen from output mode, the output voltage decreases with increase in k that leads to the decrease of output impedance. Thus, input impedance increases and output impedance decreases. Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.16
A band-limited signal with a maximum frequency of 5 kHz is to be sampled. According to the sampling theorem, the sampling frequency which is not valid is (A) 5 kHz (B) 12 kHz (C) 15 kHz (D) 20 kHz
SOL 1.16
Given, the maximum frequency of the band-limited signal fm = 5 kHz According to the Nyquist sampling theorem, the sampling frequency must be greater than the Nyquist frequency which is given as fN = 2fm = 2 # 5 = 10 kHz So, the sampling frequency fs must satisfy fs $ fN fs $ 10 kHz only the option (A) doesnt satisfy the condition therefore, 5 kHz is not a valid sampling frequency. Hence correct option is (A) In a MOSFET operating in the saturation region, the channel length modulation effect causes (A) an increase in the gate-source capacitance (B) a decrease in the transconductance (C) a decrease in the unity-gain cutoff frequency (D) a decrease in the output resistance
MCQ 1.17
SOL 1.17
In a MOSFET operating in the saturation region, the channel length modulation effect causes a decrease in output resistance. Hence correct option is (D) Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE for a continuous time causal and stable LTI system? Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
MCQ 1.18
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(A) All the poles of the system must lie on the left side of the j axis (B) Zeros of the system can lie anywhere in the s-plane (C) All the poles must lie within s = 1 (D) All the roots of the characteristic equation must be located on the left side of the j axis.
SOL 1.18
For a system to be casual, the R.O.C of system transfer function H ^s h which is rational should be in the right half plane and to the right of the right most pole. For the stability of LTI system. All poles of the system should lie in the left half of S -plane and no repeated pole should be on imaginary axis. Hence, options (A), (B), (D) satisfies an LTI system stability and causality both. But, Option (C) is not true for the stable system as, S = 1 have one pole in right hand plane also. Hence correct option is (C) The minimum eigen value of the following matrix is R3 5 2V W S S5 12 7W S W S2 7 5W X T (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 For, a given matrix 6A@ the eigen value is calculated as A I = 0 where gives the eigen values of matrix. Here, the minimum eigen value among the given options is =0 We check the characteristic equation of matrix for this eigen value (for = 0 ) A I = A 3 5 2 = 5 12 7 2 7 5 = 3 ^60 49h 5 ^25 14h + 2 ^35 24h = 33 55 + 22 =0 Hence, it satisfied the characteristic equation and so, the minimum eigen value is =0 Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.19
SOL 1.19
MCQ 1.20
A polynomial f (x) = a 4 x 4 + a 3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x a 0 with all coefficients positive has (A) no real roots (B) no negative real root
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(C) odd number of real roots (D) at least one positive and one negative real root
SOL 1.20
Given, the polynomial f ^x h = a 4 x 4 + a 3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x a 0 Since, all the coefficients are positive so, the roots of equation is given by f ^x h = 0 It will have at least one pole in right hand plane as there will be least one sign change from â1h to â 0h in the Routh matrix 1 st column. Also, there will be a corresponding pole in left hand plane i.e.; at least one positive root (in R.H.P) and at least one negative root (in L.H.P) Rest of the roots will be either on imaginary axis or in L.H.P Hence correct option is (D) Assuming zero initial condition, the response y ^ t h of the system given below to a unit step input u ^ t h is
MCQ 1.21
(A) u ^ t h
2
(B) tu ^ t h
SOL 1.21
(C) t u ^ t h (D) et u ^ t h 2 The Laplace transform of unit step fun n is U ^s h = 1 s So, the O/P of the system is given as Y ^s h = b 1 lb 1 l s s = 1 s2 For zero initial condition, we check dy ^ t h u^t h = dt & & or, U ^s h = SY ^s h y ^0 h U ^s h = s c 1 m y ^0 h s2 U ^s h = 1 s
^y ^0 h = 0h
Hence, the O/P is correct which is Y ^s h = 1 s2 Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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its inverse Laplace transform is given by y ^ t h = tu ^ t h Hence correct option is (B)

MCQ 1.22
The transfer function
V2 ^s h of the circuit shown below is V1 ^s h
(A) 0.5s + 1 s+1 (C) s + 2 s+1

SOL 1.22
(B) 3s + 6 s+2 (D) s + 1 s+2
For the given capacitance, C = 100F in the circuit, we have the reactance. XC = 1 sc 1 = s # 100 # 106 4 = 10 s So, 10 4 + 10 4 V2 ^s h = 4 s V1 ^s h 10 + 10 4 + 10 4 s s = s+1 s+2 Hence correct option is (D) A source vs ^ t h = V cos 100t has an internal impedance of ^4 + j3h . If a purely resistive load connected to this source has to extract the maximum power out of the source, its value in should be (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7
MCQ 1.23
SOL 1.23
For the purely resistive load, maximum average power is transferred when 2 2 RL = RTh + XTh where RTh + jXTh is the equivalent thevinin (input) impedance of the circuit. Hence, Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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we obtain RL = 42 + 32 5 Hence correct option is (C)

MCQ 1.24
The return loss of a device is found to be 20 dB. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and magnitude of reflection coefficient are respectively (A) 1.22 and 0.1 (B) 0.81 and 0.1 (C) 1.22 and 0.1 (D) 2.44 and 0.2
SOL 1.24
Given, the return loss of device as 20 dB i.e., in dB = 20 dB (loss)

^ h
or,
20 log = 20
& = 101 = 0.1 Therefore, the standing wave ration is given by 1+ VSWR = 1 = 1 + 0.1 = 1.1 = 1.22 1 0.1 0.9 Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.25
Let g ^ t h = e t , and h ^ t h is a filter matched to g ^ t h. If g ^ t h is applied as input to h ^ t h, then the Fourier transform of the output is (B) e f /2 (A) e f
2 2 2
(C) e f
SOL 1.25
(D) e2f
where g^t h G^f h Now, consider a filter matched to a known signal g ^ t h. The fourier transform of the resulting matched filter output g 0 ^ t h will be G0 ^ f h = H^ f hG^ f h = G * ^ f h G ^ f h exp ^ j2fT h = G ^ f h 2 exp ^ j2fT h T is duration of g ^ t h Assume exp ^ j2fT h = 1 So, G0 ^ f h = G_ f i 2 Since, the given Gaussian function is g ^ t h = e t Fourier transform of this signal will be f g ^ t h = e t e f = G ^ f h
f
2 2 2
The matched filter is characterized by a frequency response that is given as H ^ f h = G * ^ f h exp ^ j2fT h
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Therefore, output of the matched filter is 2 G 0 ^ f h = e f Hence No Option is correct

2
Q.26 to Q.55 carry two marks each.

MCQ 1.26
Let U and V be two independent zero mean Gaussain random variables of variances 1 and 1 respectively. The probability P 3V F 2U is ^ h 9 4 (A) 4/9 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 5/9 Given, random variables U and V with mean zero and variances 1 and 1 9 4 i.e., U =V=0 2 u =1 4 2 and =1 v 9 so, P Û $ 0h = 1 2 and P ^V $ 0h = 1 2 The distribution is shown in the figure below
SOL 1.26
fu û h = fv ^v h =
1 e u 2 2 2 u
2 u
1 e v 2 2 2 v We can express the distribution in standard form by assuming X = u 0 = u = 2U u Y2 and Y = v 0 = v = 3V v Y3

2 v
for which we have Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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X = 2U = 0 Y = 2V = 0 and X2 = 4U2 = 1 also, Y2 = 9V2 = 1 Therefore, X Y is also a normal random variable with XY = 0 Hence, P ^X Y $ 0h = P ^X Y # 0h = 1 2 or, we can say P ^2U 3V # 0h = 1 2 Thus, P ^3V $ 2U h = 1 2 Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.27
Let A be an m # n matrix and B an n # m matrix. It is given that determinant Îm + AB h = determinant În + BAh, where Ik is the k # k identity matrix. Using the above property, the determinant of the matrix given below is R V S2 1 1 1W S1 2 1 1W S1 1 2 1W S W S1 1 1 2W T X (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 16
SOL 1.27
Consider the given matrix be R V S2 1 1 1W S1 2 1 1W Im + AB = S W S1 1 2 1W S1 1 1 2W T X where m = 4 so, we obtain R V R S2 1 1 1W S1 S1 2 1 1W S0 AB = S WS S1 1 2 1W S0 S1 1 1 2W S0 T R VX T 1 1 1 1 S W S1 1 1 1W =S W S1 1 1 1W S1 1 1 1W T X
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
V 0W 0W 0W W 1W X
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R V S1W 61 1 1 1@ S1W =S W S1W S1W T X R V S1W S1W A = S W, B = 81 1 1 1B S1W S1W T X R V Therefore, BA = 81 1 1 1B S1W S1W S1W S W S1W T X =4 From the given property Det Îm + AB h = Det Îm + BAh R V V ZR _ S2 1 1 1W ]S1 0 0 0W b ]S0 1 0 0W b S1 2 1 1W = Det [S + 4` & Det S W W 0 0 1 0W S1 1 2 1W ]S b ]S0 0 0 1W b S1 1 1 2W \T a T X X = 1+4 =5 Note : Determinant of identity matrix is always 1. Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.28
Hence, we get
In the circuit shown below, if the source voltage VS = 100+53.13c V then the Thevenins equivalent voltage in Volts as seen by the load resistance RL is
(A) 100+90c (C) 800+90c

SOL 1.28
(B) 800+0c (D) 100+60c
For evaluating the equivalent thevenin voltage seen by the load RL , we open the circuit across it (also if it consist dependent source). The equivalent circuit is shown below
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As the circuit open across RL so I2 = 0 or, j40I2 = 0 i.e., the dependent source in loop 1 is short circuited. Therefore, ^ j4h Vs VL1 = j4 + 3 VTh = 10 VL1 = = j40 100 53.13c j4 + 3 40 90c 100 53.13c 5 53.13c
= 800 90c Hence correct option is (C)

MCQ 1.29
^s h The open-loop transfer function of a dc motor is given as = 10 . When Va ^s h 1 + 10s connected in feedback as shown below, the approximate value of Ka that will reduce the time constant of the closed loop system by one hundred times as compared to that of the open-loop system is
(A) 1 (C) 10
SOL 1.29
(B) 5 (D) 100
Given, open loop transfer function G ^s h = 10Ka = Ka 1 1 + 10s s + 10 By taking inverse Laplace transform, we have g ^ t h = e t
1 10
Comparing with standard form of transfer function, Aet/ , we get the open loop time constant, ol = 10 Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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Now, we obtain the closed loop transfer function for the given system as G ^s h 10Ka H ^s h = = 1 + G ^s h 1 + 10s + 10Ka Ka = 1 s + ^Ka + 10 h By taking inverse laplace transform, we get h ^ t h = ka .e^k + ht So, the time constant of closed loop system is obtained as cl = 1 1 ka + 10 or, (approximately) cl = 1 ka
a 1 10
Now, given that ka reduces open loop time constant by a factor of 100. i.e., cl = ol 100 1 = 10 or, 100 ka Hence, ka = 10 Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.30
In the circuit shown below, the knee current of the ideal Zener dioide is 10 mA. To maintain 5 V across RL , the minimum value of RL in and the minimum power rating of the Zener diode in mW, respectively, are
(A) 125 and 125 (C) 250 and 125

SOL 1.30
(B) 125 and 250 (D) 250 and 250
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From the circuit, we have Is = I Z + I L or, (1) I Z = Is I L Since, voltage across zener diode is 5 V so, current through 100 resistor is obtained as Is = 10 5 = 0.05 A 100 Therefore, the load current is given by IL = 5 RL Since, for proper operation, we must have IZ $ Iknes So, from Eq. (1), we write 0.05 A 5 $ 10 mA RL 50 mA 5 $ 10 mA RL 40 mA $ 5 RL 40 # 103 $ 5 RL 1 # RL 5 40 # 103 5 # RL 40 # 103 or, 125 # RL Therefore, minimum value of RL = 125 Now, we know that power rating of Zener diode is given by PR = VZ IZ^maxh IZ^maxh is maximum current through zener diode in reverse bias. Maximum currrent through zener diode flows when load current is zero. i.e., IZ^maxh = Is = 10 5 = 0.05 100 Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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PR = 5 # 0.05 W = 250 mW Hence correct option is (B) Therefore,

MCQ 1.31
The following arrangement consists of an ideal transformer and an attenuator which attenuates by a factor of 0.8. An ac voltage VWX1 = 100 V is applied across WX to get an open circuit voltage VYZ1 across YZ. Next, an ac voltage VYZ2 = 100 V is applied across YZ to get an open circuit voltage VWX2 across WX. Then, VYZ1 /VWX1 , VWX2 /VYZ2 are respectively,
(A) 125/100 and 80/100 (C) 100/100 and 100/100

SOL 1.31
(B) 100/100 and 80/100 (D) 80/100 and 80/100
For the given transformer, we have V = 1.25 1 VWX
Since, So, or, at at
VYZ = 0.8 (attenuation factor) V VYZ = 0.8 1.25 = 1 ^ h^ h VWX VYZ = VWX VWX = 100 V ;
1
VYZ = 100 100 VWX

1 1
VWZ = 100 V ;
2
VWX = 100 100 VYZ

2 2

MCQ 1.32
Two magnetically uncoupled inductive coils have Q factors q1 and q2 at the chosen operating frequency. Their respective resistances are R1 and R2 . When connected in series, their effective Q factor at the same operating frequency is (A) q1 + q2 (B) ^1/q1h + ^1/q2h Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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(C) ^q1 R1 + q2 R2h / ^R1 + R2h

SOL 1.32
(D) ^q1 R2 + q2 R1h / ^R1 + R2h
The quality factor of the inductances are given by q 1 = L 1 R1 and q 2 = L 2 R2 So, in series circuit, the effective quality factor is given by XLeq = L 1 + L 2 Q = Req R1 + R 2 L 1 + L 2 R = 1 R 2 R1 R 2 1 + 1 R 2 R1 q1 q + 2 = R2 R2 1 + 1 R 2 R1 = q1 R1 + q 2 R 2 R1 + R 2

MCQ 1.33
The impulse response of a continuous time system is given by h ^ t h = ^t 1h + ^t 3h . The value of the step response at t = 2 is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
SOL 1.33
Given, the impulse response of continuous time system h ^ t h = ^t 1h + ^t 3h From the convolution property, we know x ^ t h * ^t t 0h = x ^t t 0h So, for the input x ^ t h = u ^ t h (Unit step fun n ) The output of the system is obtained as y^t h = u^t h * h^t h = u ^ t h * 6 ^t 1h + ^t 3h@ = u ^t 1h + u ^t 3h at t = 2 y ^2 h = u ^2 1h + u ^2 3h =1 Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.34
The small-signal resistance (i.e., dVB /dID ) in k offered by the n-channel MOSFET Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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M shown in the figure below, at a bias point of VB = 2 V is (device data for ' M: device transconductance parameter kN = n C 0 W/L h = 40 A/V2 , threshold x^ voltage VTN = 1 V , and neglect body effect and channel length modulation effects)
(A) 12.5 (C) 50

SOL 1.34
(B) 25 (D) 100
Given, VB = 2V VTN = 1V So, we have Drain voltage VD = 2 volt VG = 2 volt VS = 0 (Ground) Therefore, VGS = 2 > VTN and VDS = 2 > VGS VTN So, the MOSFET is in the saturation region. Therefore, drain current is ID = kN ^VGS VTN h2
2 or, ID = kN ^VB 1h Differentiating both side with respect to ID 1 = kN 2 ^VB 1hdVB dID
Since, VBQ = 2 volt (at D.C. Voltage) Hence, we obtain dVB = 1 dID 2kN ^VB 1h 1 = 2 # 40 # 106 # ^2 1h = 12.5 # 103 = 12.5 k Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.35
The ac schematic of an NMOS common-source state is shown in the figure below, where part of the biasing circuits has been omitted for simplicity. For the n -channel MOSFET M, the transconductance gm = 1 mA/V , and body effect and channel Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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length modulation effect are to be neglected. The lower cutoff frequency in HZ of the circuit is approximately at
(A) 8 (C) 50
SOL 1.35
(B) 32 (D) 200
For the given circuit, we obtain the small signal model as shown in figure below :
We obtain the node voltage at V1 as V1 + V1 + gm Vi = 0 RD R + 1 L sC & gm Vi 1 + 1 RD R + 1 L sC Therefore, the output voltage V0 is obtained as V0 = V1 RL RL + 1 sC V1 = = RL RL + 1 sC gm Vi J K 1 1 K RD + K RL + 1 sC L N O O O P
so, the transfer function is V0 = RD RL sCgm Vi 1 + sC ^RD + RL h 1 Then, we have the pole at = C ^RD + RL h It gives the lower cutoff frequency of transfer function. Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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1 C ^RD + RL h 1 or, f0 = 2C ^RD + RL h 1 = 6 2 # 10 # 20 # 103 = 7.97 . 8 Hz Hence correct option is (A) i.e., 0 =
MCQ 1.36
d2 y dy A system described by the differential equation 2 + 5 + 6y ^ t h = x ^ t h. Let x ^ t h dt dt be a rectangular pulse given by 1 0<t<2 x^t h = * 0 otherwise dy Assuming that y ^0 h = 0 and = 0 at t = 0 , the Laplace transform of y ^ t h is dt 2s e 1 e2s (B) (A) s ^s + 2h^s + 3h s ^s + 2h^s + 3h e2s 1 e2s (D) ^s + 2h^s + 3h ^s + 2h^s + 3h Given, the differential equation d2y dy 2 + 5 dt + 6y ^ t h = x ^ t h dt Taking its Laplace transform with zero initial conditions, we have s2 Y ^s h + 5sY ^s h + 6Y ^s h = X ^s h Now, the input signal is 1 0<t<2 x^t h = * 0 otherwise (C) i.e., x ^ t h = u ^ t h u ^t 2h Taking its Laplace transform, we obtain 2s X ^s h = 1 e s s = 1e s
2s
SOL 1.36
....(1)
Substituting it in equation (1), we get X ^s h Y ^s h = 2 s + 5s + 6 = = 1 e2s s ^s + 5s + 6h

2
1 e2s s ^s + 2h^s + 3h Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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Hence correct option is (B)

MCQ 1.37
A system described by a linear, constant coefficient, ordinary, first order differential equation has an exact solution given by y ^ t h for t > 0 , when the forcing function is x ^ t h and the initial condition is y ^0 h. If one wishes to modify the system so that the solution becomes 2y ^ t h for t > 0 , we need to (A) change the initial condition to y ^0 h and the forcing function to 2x ^ t h (B) change the initial condition to 2y ^0 h and the forcing function to x ^ t h (C) change the initial condition to j 2 y ^0 h and the forcing function to j 2 x ^ t h (D) change the initial condition to 2y ^0 h and the forcing function to 2x ^ t h
SOL 1.37
The solution of a system described by a linear, constant coefficient, ordinary, first order differential equation with forcing function x ^ t h is y ^ t h so, we can define a function relating x ^ t h and y ^ t h as below dy P + Qy + K = x ^ t h dt where P , Q , K are constant. Taking the Laplace transform both the sides, we get ....(1) P sY ^s h Py ^0 h + Q Y ^s h = X ^s h Now, the solutions becomes y1 ^ t h = 2y ^ t h or, Y1 ^s h = 2Y ^s h So, Eq. (1) changes to P sY1 ^s h P y1 ^0 h + Q Y1 ^s h = X1 ^s h or, ....(2) 2PSY ^s h P y1 ^0 h 2QY1 ^s h = X1 ^s h Comparing Eq. (1) and (2), we conclude that X1 ^s h = 2X ^s h y1 ^0 h = 2y ^0 h Which makes the two equations to be same. Hence, we require to change the initial condition to 2y ^0 h and the forcing equation to 2x ^ t h Hence correct option is (D)
MCQ 1.38
Consider two identically distributed zero-mean random variables U and V . Let the cumulative distribution functions of U and 2V be F ^x h and G ^x h respectively. Then, for all values of x (A) F ^x h G ^x h # 0 (B) F ^x h G ^x h $ 0 (C) ^F (x) G (x)h .x # 0 (D) ^F (x) G (x)h .x $ 0 The mean of random variables U and V are both zero i.e., U =V=0 Also, the random variables are identical i.e., fU û h = fV ^v h or, FU û h = FV ^v h i.e., their cdf are also same. So, Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
SOL 1.38
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FU û h = F2V ^2v h i.e., the cdf of random variable 2V will be also same but for any instant 2V $ U Therefore, G ^x h = F ^x h but, x G ^x h $ xF ^x h or, 6F ^x h G ^x h@ x # 0 Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.39
The DFT of a vector 8a b c dB is the vector 8 B . Consider the product R V Sa b c d W Sd a b c W 8p q r sB = 8a b c dBSc d a b W S W Sb c d aW T X The DFT of the vector 8p q r sB is a scaled version of (B) 9 (A) 92 2 2 2C (C) 8 + + + + B (D) 8 B
Given, the DFT of vector 8a b c dB as D.F.T. %8a b c dB/ = 8 B Also, we have R V Sa b c d W Sd a b c W ...(1) 8p q r sB = 8a b c dBSc d a b W S W Sb c d aW T X For matrix circular convolution, we know Rh h h VRx V S 0 2 1WS 0W x 6n@ * h 6n@ = Sh1 h 0 h2WSx1W S W WS Sx1W Sh2 h1 h 0W X T T where "x 0, x1, x2, are three point signals for X x 6n@ and similarly for h 6n@, h 0 , h1 and h2 are three point signals. Comparing this transformation to Eq(1), we get R VT Sa d c W Sb a d W 6p q r s@ = Sc b aW 8a b c dB S W Sd c b W T X = 6a b c d @T * 6a b c d @T R V R V Sa W Sa W Sb W Sb W =S W * S W Sc W Sc W Sd W Sd W T X T X Brought to you by: Nodia and Company Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in PUBLISHING FOR GATE
SOL 1.39
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Now, we know that x1 6n@ * x2 6n@ = X1DFT 6k @ X2, DFT 6k @ So, R V R V R V R V Sa W Sa W SW SW Sb W Sb W SW SW Sc W * Sc W = SW * SW S W S W S W S W Sd W Sd W S W S W T X T X T X T X = 92 2 2 2C Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.40
Y ^s h The signal flow graph for a system is given below. The transfer function for U ^s h this system is
(A)
s+1 5s2 + 6s + 2
(B)
s+1 s2 + 6s + 2
SOL 1.40
s+1 (D) 2 1 s2 + 4s + 2 5s + 6s + 2 For the given SFG, we have two forward paths Pk1 = ^1 h^s1h^s1h^1 h = s2 Pk 2 = ^1 h^s1h^1 h^1 h = s1 since, all the loops are touching to the paths Pk1 and Pk 2 so, k 1 = k 2 = 1 Now, we have = 1 (sum of individual loops) + (sum of product of nontouching loops) Here, the loops are L1 = ^ 4h^1 h = 4 L2 = ^ 4h^s1h = 4s1 L 3 = ^ 2h^s1h^s1h = 2s2 L 4 = ^ 2h^s1h^1 h = 2s1 As all the loop L1, L2, L 3 and L 4 are touching to each other so, = 1 ^L1 + L2 + L 3 + L 4h = 1 ^ 4 4s1 2s2 2s1h (C) Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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= 5 + 6s1 + 2s2 From Masons gain formulae Y ^s h = Pk k U ^s h s2 + s1 5 + 6s1 + 2s2 = 2s+1 5s + 6s + 2 = Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.41
In the circuit shown below the op-amps are ideal. Then, Vout in Volts is
(A) 4 (C) 8
SOL 1.41
(B) 6 (D) 10
For the given ideal op-Amps we can assume Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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V 2 = V 2+ = V2 (ideal) V 1+ = V 1 = V1 (ideal) So, by voltage division V1 = Vout # 1 2 Vout = 2V1 and, as the I/P current in Op-amp is always zero therefore, there will be no voltage drop across 1 K in II op-amp i.e., V2 = 1 V Therefore, V1 V2 = V2 ^ 2h 1 1 & or, Hence, V1 1 = 1 + 2 V1 = 4
Vout = 2V1 = 8 volt Hence correct option is (C)

MCQ 1.42
In the circuit shown below, Q1 has negligible collector-to-emitter saturation voltage and the diode drops negligible voltage across it under forward bias. If Vcc is + 5 V , X and Y are digital signals with 0 V as logic 0 and Vcc as logic 1, then the Boolean expression for Z is
(A) XY (C) XY
SOL 1.42
(B) XY (D) XY we can make the truth table as below Y Z 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
For the given circuit, X 0 0 1 1
Logic 0 means voltage is v = 0 volt and logic 1 means voltage is 5 volt Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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For x = 0 , y = 0 , Transistor is at cut off mode and diode is forward biased. Since, there is no drop across forward biased diode. So, Z =Y=0 For x = 0 , y = 1, Again Transistor is in cutoff mode, and diode is forward biased. with no current flowing through resistor. So, Z =Y=1 For x = 1, y = 0 , Transistor is in saturation mode and so, z directly connected to ground irrespective of any value of Y . i.e., Z = 0 (ground) Similarly for X = Y = 1 Z = 0 (ground) Hence, from the obtained truth table, we get Z =XY Hence correct option is (B)
MCQ 1.43
A voltage 1000 sin t Volts is applied across YZ . Assuming ideal diodes, the voltage measured across WX in Volts, is
(A) sin t
(C) ^sin t sin t h /2

SOL 1.43
(B) _sin t + sin t i /2 (D) 0 for all t
Given, the input voltage VYZ = 100 sin t
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For + ve half cycle VYZ > 0 i.e., VY is a higher voltage than VZ So, the diode will be in cutoff region. Therefore, there will no voltage difference between X and W node. i.e., VWX = 0 Now, for ve half cycle all the four diodes will active and so, X and W terminal is short circuited i.e., VWX = 0 Hence, VWX = 0 for all t Hence correct option is (D)
MCQ 1.44
Three capacitors C1 , C2 and C 3 whose values are 10 F , 5 F , and 2 F respectively, have breakdown voltages of 10 V, 5 V and 2 V respectively. For the interconnection shown below, the maximum safe voltage in Volts that can be applied across the combination, and the corresponding total charge in C stored in the effective capacitance across the terminals are respectively,
(A) 2.8 and 36 (C) 2.8 and 32

SOL 1.44
(B) 7 and 119 (D) 7 and 80
Consider that the voltage across the three capacitors C1 , C2 and C 3 are V1 , V2 and V3 respectively. So, we can write V2 = C 3 ....(1) V3 C2 Since, Voltage is inversely proportional to capacitance Now, given that C1 = 10 F ; ^V1hmax = 10V C2 = 5 F ; ^V2hmax = 5 V Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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C 3 = 2 F ; ^V3hmax = 2V So, from Eq (1) we have V2 = 2 5 V3 for We obtain,
^V3hmax = 2
i.e., V2 < ^V2hmax Hence, this is the voltage at C2 . Therefore, V3 = 2 volt V2 = 0.8 volt and V1 = V2 + V3 = 2.8 volt Now, equivalent capacitance across the terminal is Ceq = C2 C 3 + C1 C2 + C3 = 5 # 2 + 10 5+2 = 80 F 7 Equivalent voltage is (max. value) Vmax = V1 = 2.8 So, charge stored in the effective capacitance is Q = Ceq Vmax = b 80 l # ^2.8h 7 = 32 C Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.45
V2 = 2 # 2 = 0.8 volt < 5 5
There are four chips each of 1024 bytes connected to a 16 bit address bus as shown in the figure below, RAMs 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively are mappped to addresses
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(A) 0C00H-0FFFH, 1C00H-1FFFH, 2C00H-2FFFH, 3C00H-3FFFH (B) 1800H-1FFFH, 2800H-2FFFH, 3800H-3FFFH, 4800H-4FFFH (C) 0500H-08FFH, 1500H-18FFH, 3500H-38FFH, 5500H-58FFH (D) 0800H-0BFFH, 1800H-1BFFH, 2800H-2BFFH, 3800H-3BFFH
SOL 1.45
For chip-1, we have the following conclusions: it is enable when (i) S1 S 0 = 0 0 and (ii) Input = 1 For S1 S 0 = 0 0 We have A13 = A12 = 0 and for I/p = 1we obtain A10 = 1 or A10 = 0 A11 = 1 A14 = 1 or A14 = 0 A15 = 1 or A15 = 0 Since, A 0 A 9 can have any value 0 or 1 Therefore, we have the address range as A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A 9 A 8 A7 A 6 A5 A 4 A 3 A2 A1 A 0 From 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 to 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 In Hexadecimal & 0800 H to 0BFFH
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Similarly, for chip 2, we obtain the range as follows E = 1 for S1 S 0 = 0 1 so, A13 = 0 and A12 = 1 and also the I/P = 1 for A10 = 0 , A11 = 1, A14 = 0 , A15 = 0 so, the fixed I/ps are A15 A14 A13 0 A12 1 A11 1 A10 0 0 0 Therefore, the address range is From 0 0 0 1 1 0
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A 9 A 8 A7 A 6 A5 A 4 A 3 A2 A1 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 to 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 In hexadecimal it is from 1800 H to 1BFFH . There is no need to obtain rest of address ranged as only (D) is matching to two results. Hence correct option is (D)
MCQ 1.46
In the circuit shown below, the silicon npn transistor Q has a very high value of . The required value of R2 in k to produce IC = 1 mA is
(A) 20 (C) 40
SOL 1.46
(B) 30 (D) 50
The equivalent circuit can be shown as
VTh = VCC
R2 R1 + R 2
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and
RTh
3R2 R1 + R 2 = R 2 R1 R 2 + R1 =
Since, IC = IB has . 3 (very high) so, IB is negative in comparison to IC . Therefore, we can write the base voltage VB = VTh So, VTh 0.7 IC RE = 0 or, or, or, or, Hence, Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.47
3R2 0.7 103 500 = 0 ^ h^ h R1 + R 2 3R2 = 0.7 + 0.5 60 k + R2
3R2 = ^60 kh^1.2h + 1.2R2
1.8R2 = ^60 kh # ^1.2h R2 = 60 # 1.2 = 40 k 1.8
Let U and V be two independent and identically distributed random variables such that P Û =+ 1h = P Û = 1h = 1 . The entropy H Û + V h in bits is 2 (A) 3/4 (B) 1 (C) 3/2 (D) log 2 3 P Û =+ 1h = P Û = 1h = 1 2
SOL 1.47
Given,
where U is a random variable which is identical to V i.e., P ^V =+ 1h = P ^V = 1h = 1 2 So, random variable U and V can have following values U =+ 1, 1; V =+ 1, 1 Therefore the random variable U + V can have the following values, 2 When U = V = 1 U + V = *0 When U = 1,V = 1 or u = 1, v = 1 2 When U = V = 1 Hence, we obtain the probabilities for U + V as follows U+V 2 0 P Û + V h 1 1=1 2#2 4 1 1 1 1 1 b2 # 2l+b2 # 2l = 2 Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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2 Therefore, the entropy of the Û + V h is obtained as 1 H Û + V h = P Û + V h log 2 ' P Û + V h 1 = 1 log 2 4 + 1 log 2 2 + 1 log 2 4 2 4 4 = 2+1+2 4 2 4 =3 2
1 1=1 2#2 4
Common Data Questions Common Data for Questions 48 and 49:

Bits 1 and 0 are transmitted with equal probability. At the receiver, the pdf of the respective received signals for both bits are as shown below.
MCQ 1.48
If the detection threshold is 1, the BER will be (B) 1 (A) 1 2 4 (C) 1 (D) 1 8 16 For the shown received signal, we conclude that if 0 is the transmitted signal then the received signal will be also zero as the threshold is 1 and the pdf of bit 0 is not crossing 1. Again, we can observe that there is an error when bit 1 is received as it crosses the threshold. The probability of error is given by the area enclosed by the 1 bit pdf (shown by shaded region)
SOL 1.48
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or
P (error when bit 1 received) = 1 # 1 # 0.25 = 1 2 8 P b received 1 l = 1 8 transmitted 0
Since, the 1 and 0 transmission is equiprobable: i.e., P ^ 0 h = P ^1 h = 1 2 Hence bit error rate (BER) is BER = P b received 0 l P ^0 h + P b received 1 l P ^1 h transmitted 1 transmitted 0 = 0+1 #1 8 2 = 1 16 Hence correct option is (D)
MCQ 1.49
The optimum threshold to achieve minimum bit error rate (BER) is (B) 4 (A) 1 2 5 (D) 3 2 The optimum threshold is the threshold value for transmission as obtained at the intersection of two pdf. From the shown pdf. We obtain at the intersection (transmitted, received) = b 4 , 1 l 5 5 (C) 1 we can obtain the intersection by solving the two linear eqs pdf of received bit 0 x+y = 1 0 . 5 y = x pdf of received bit 1 2 Hence for threshold = 4 , we have 5 BER = P b received 1 l P ^0 h + P b received 0 l P ^1 h transmitted 0 transmitted 1 = b1 # 1 # 1l# 1 +b1 # 4 # 1l# 1 2 5 2 2 2 5 5 2
SOL 1.49
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= 1 <(BER for threshold = 1) 20 Hence, optimum threshold is 4 5 Hence correct option is (B)
Common Data for Questions 50 and 51:

Consider the following figure
MCQ 1.50
The current IS in Amps in the voltage source, and voltage VS in Volts across the current source respectively, are (A) 13, 20 (B) 8, 10 (C) 8, 20 (D) 13, 20
SOL 1.50
At the node 1, voltage is given as V1 = 10 volt Applying KCL at node 1 IS + V1 + V1 2 = 0 2 1 IS + 10 + 10 2 = 0 2 1 IS = 13 A Also, from the circuit, VS 5 # 2 = V1 Brought to you by: Nodia and Company PUBLISHING FOR GATE Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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VS = 10 + V1 = 20 volt Hence correct option is (D)

MCQ 1.51
The current in the 1 resistor in Amps is (A) 2 (B) 3.33 (C) 10 (D) 12 Again from the shown circuit, the current in 1 resistor is I = V1 = 10 = 10 A 1 1 Hence correct option is (C)
SOL 1.51
Linked Answer Questions
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 52 and 53:

A monochromatic plane wave of wavelength = 600 m is propagating in the vi , E vr and E vt denote incident, reflected, and direction as shown in the figure below. E transmitted electric field vectors associated with the wave.
MCQ 1.52
vi are The angle of incidence i and the expression for E # 10 ^x + 2h tx a tz h ej 3 2 (A) 60c and E 0 â V/m 2
4
# 10 z tx + a tz h ej 3 V/m (B) 45c and E 0 â 2

4
# 10 ^x + z h tx a tz h ej 3 2 (C) 45c and E 0 â V/m 2

4
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SOL 1.52
# 10 z tx a tz h ej 3 V/m (D) 60c and E 0 â 2 For the given incidence of plane wave, we have the transmitting angle t = 19.2c From Snells law, we know n1 sin i = n2 sin t
c 1 1 sin i = c 2 2 sin t For the given interfaces, we have 1 = 2 = 1 1 = 1, 2 = 4.5 So, from Eq. (1) sin i = 4.5 sin 19.2 or, i . 45c vi can be obtained as Now, the component of E v E a v jk vi = _Eox a E x oz z i e Since, the angle i = 45c so, Eox = Eoz = Eo 2 E v a v i ejk vi = o _a Therefore, E x z 2 Now, the wavelength of EM wave is = 600 m So, = 2 = # 10 4 3
...(1)
(observed from the shown figure)
...(1)
Also, direction of propagation is v v vk = ax + az a 2 So, k = x+z 2 Substituting it in equation (1), we get 10 x + z v a v i ej # 3 ^2 h vi = Eo _a E x z 2

4

MCQ 1.53
vr is The expression for E # 10 ^x z h tx + a tz h ej 3 2 (A) 0.23 E 0 â V/m 2

4
# 10 z tx + a tz h e j 3 V/m (B) E 0 â 2
4
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# 10 ^x z h tx + a tz h ej 3 2 (C) 0.44 E 0 â V/m 2
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# 10 ^x + z h tx + a tz h ej 3 (D) E 0 â V/m 2
4
SOL 1.53
We obtain the reflection coefficient for parallel polarized wave (since, electric field is in the plane of wave propagation) as cos t 1 cos i ...(1) z = 2 2 cos t + 1 cos i As we have already obtained i = 45c, t = 19.2c 1 = 0 Also, 2 = = 0 4.5 4.5 and = 0 1 = 0 1 = 1 Substituting these in eq. (1) we get z = cos 19.2c 4.5 cos 45c cos 19.2c + 4.5 cos 45c = 0.227 . 0.23 Therefore, the reflected field has the magnitude given by Ero ' = T 11 Eio or Ero = z Eio = 0.23 Eio Hence, the expression of reflected electric field is 10 k v a v i ej # vr = 0.23 Eo _ a 3 E x z 2 Again, we have the propagation vector of reflected wave as v a v v =a x z a k 2 or, k = xz 2 Substituting it in Eq. (2), we get 10 x z v = 0.23 Eo _ a v a v i ej # 3 b 2 l E x z r 2 j 10 ^x z h V v = 0.23 Eo _a v +a v i e # 3 2 m E x z r 2 Hence correct option is (A)
4 4 4
(2)
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 54 and 55:

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The state diagram of a system is shown below. A system is described by the stateo = AX + Bu ; y = CX + Du variable equations X
MCQ 1.54
The state-variable equations of the system shown in the figure above are o = > 1 0 H X + > 1H u o = > 1 0 H X + > 1H u X X (B) (A) 1 1 1 1 1 1 y = 61 1@ X + u y = 6 1 1@ X + u o = > 1 0 H X + > 1H u o = > 1 1H X + > 1H u X X (C) (D) 1 1 1 0 1 1 y = 6 1 1@ X u y = 61 1@ X u For the shown state diagram we can denote the states x1 , x2 as below
SOL 1.54
So, from the state diagram, we obtain o1 = x1 u x o2 = x2 + ^1 h^ 1h^1 h^ 1h u + ^ 1h^1 h^ 1h x1 x o2 = x2 + x1 + u x and y = ^ 1h^1 h x2 + ^ 1h^1 h^ 1h x1 + ^1 h^ 1h^1 h^ 1h^1 h u = x1 x 2 + u Hence, in matrix form we can write the state variable equations o1 1 0 x1 1 x > o H = > 1 1H >x H + > 1 H u x2 2 and x1 y = 81 1B > H + u x2
which can be written in more general form as o = > 1 0 H X + > 1H X 1 1 1 y = 81 1B X + u Hence correct option is (A)
MCQ 1.55
The state transition matrix eAt of the system shown in the figure above is et 0 et 0 (A) > t tH (B) > H t te e te et Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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SOL 1.55
et 0 et tet (C) > t tH (D) > H e e 0 et From the obtained state-variable equations We have 1 0 A => 1 1H So, and S+1 0 SI A = > 1 S + 1H
^SI Ah1 =
1 >S + 1 0 H ^S + 1h2 1 S + 1 R 1 V S 0 W S+1 W =S 1 1 W S S^S + 1h2 S + 1W T X
Hence, the state transition matrix is obtained as eAt = L1 ^SI Ah1 V_ ZR 1 S ] 0 Wb ] b S+1 W` = L1 [S 1 1 W S ]S^S + 1h2 S + 1Wb \T Xa 1 e 0 = > t tH te e Hence correct option is (A)
General Aptitude (GA) Questions Q.56 to Q.60 carry one mark each.
MCQ 1.56
Choose the grammatically CORRECT sentence: (A) Two and two add four (B) Two and two become four (C) Two and two are four (D) Two and two make four
SOL 1.56
Two and two make four Hence correct option is (D) Statement: You can always give me a ring whenever you need. Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
MCQ 1.57
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Which one of the following is the best inference from the above statement? (A) Because I have a nice caller tune. (B) Because I have a better telephone facility (C) Because a friend in need is a friend indeed (D) Because you need not pay towards the telephone bills when you give me a ring
SOL 1.57
You can always given me a ring whenever you need. Because a friend is need is a friend indeed Hence correct option is (C) In the summer of 2012, in New Delhi, the mean temperature of Monday to Wednesday was 41C and of Tuesday to Thursday was 43cC . If the temperature on Thursday was 15% higher than that of Monday, then the temperature in cC on Thursday was (A) 40 (B) 43 (C) 46 (D) 49
MCQ 1.58
SOL 1.58
Let the temperature on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday be respectively as TM , TTU , TW , TTH So, from the given data we have TH + TTU + TW = 41 ....(1) 3 TTU + TW + TTH = 43 ....(2) and 3 also, as the temperature on Thursday was 15% higher than that of Monday i.e. ....(3) TTH = 1.15 TM solving eq (1), (2) and (3), we obtain TTH = 46cC Hence correct option is (C)
MCQ 1.59
Complete the sentence: Dare .................. mistakes. (A) commit (B) to commit (C) committed (D) committing
SOL 1.59
Dare to commit mistakes Hence correct option is (B) They were requested not to quarrel with others. Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word quarrel? (A) make out (B) call out (C) dig out (D) fall out
MCQ 1.60
SOL 1.60
They were requested not to quarrel with others. Quarrel has a similar meaning to fall out Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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Hence correct option is (D)
Q. No. 61-65 Carry Two Marks Each

MCQ 1.61
A car travels 8 km in the first quarter of an hour, 6 km in the second quarter and 16 km in the third quarter. The average speed of the car in km per hour over the entire journey is (A) 30 (B) 36 (C) 40 (D) 24
SOL 1.61
Given, the distance travelled by the car in each quarter intervals as Distance 8 km 6 km 16 km Therefore, the total time taken = 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 hr 4 4 4 4 Hence, Total distance travelled = 8 + 6 + 16 = 30 km average speed = Total distance travelled Total time taken = 30 3/4 = 40 km/hr Hence correct option is (C) Time Duration
1 4 1 4 1 4
hr hr hr
MCQ 1.62
Find the sum to n terms of the series 10 + 84 + 734 + ... 9 ^9n 1h 9 ^9n + 1h (B) (A) +1 +1 8 10 9 ^9n 1h 9 ^9n 1h (C) (D) +n + n2 8 8 It will be easy to check the options for given series. From the given series. 10 + 84 + 734 + ...... We get Sum of 1 term = S1 = 10 Sum of 2 terms = S2 = 10 + 84 = 94 and sum of 3 terms = S 3 = 10 + 84 + 734 = 828 Checking all the options one by one, we observe that only (D) option satisfies as 9 ^9n 1h Sn = + n2 8 so, S1 9 ^92 1h + 22 = 10 8
SOL 1.62
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S2 =
9 ^93 1h S3 = + 32 = 828 8 Hence correct option is (D)

MCQ 1.63
9 ^9 1h + 22 = 94 8
Statement: There were different streams of freedom movements in colonial India carried out by the moderates, liberals, radicals, socialists, and so on. Which one of the following is the best inference from the above statement? (A) The emergence of nationalism in colonial India led to our Independence (B) Nationalism in India emerged in the context of colonialism (C) Nationalism in India is homogeneous (D) Nationalism in India is heterogeneous
SOL 1.63
Nationalism in India is heterogeneous Hence correct option is (D) The set of values of p for which the roots of the equation 3x2 + 2x + p ^p 1h = 0 are of opposite sign is (A) ^ 3, 0h (B) ^0, 1h (C) ^1, 3h (D) ^0, 3h Given, the quadratic equation 3x2 + 2x + P ^P 1h = 0 It will have the roots with opposite sign if P ^P 1h < 0 So it can be possible only when P < 0 and P 1 > 0 or P > 0 and P 1 < 0 st The 1 condition tends to no solution for P . Hence, from the second condition, we obtain 0 <P<1 i.e., P is in the range ^0, 1h Hence correct option is (B) What is the chance that a leap year, selected at random, will contain 53 Sundays? (A) 2/7 (B) 3/7 (C) 1/7 (D) 5/7
MCQ 1.64
SOL 1.64
MCQ 1.65
SOL 1.65
In a leap year, there are 366 days So, 52 weeks will have 52 saturdays and for remaining two days ^366 52 # 7 = 2h. We can have the following combinations Saturday, Sunday Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
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Sunday, Monday Monday, Tuesday Tuesday, Wednesday Wednesday, Thursday Thursday, Friday Friday, Saturday Out of these seven possibilities, only two consist a saturday. Therefore, the probability of saturday is given as P =2 7 Hence correct option is (A)
Answer Sheet
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
(C) (D) (C) (A) (D) (B) (D) (C) (B) (B) (B) (A)
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
(B) (A) (A) (A) (D) (C) (A) (D) (B) (D) (C) (A)
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
(*) (B) (B) (C) (C) (B) (C) (C) (B) (A) (A) (B)
37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
(D) (C) (A) (A) (C) (B) (D) (C) (D) (C) (C) (D)
49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
(B) (D) (C) (C) (A) (A) (A) (D) (C) (C) (B) (D)
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
(C) (D) (D) (B) (A)
**********
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Q.1 to Q.25 carry one mark each.

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(D) subtraction of h2 ^ t h from h1 ^ t h

Hence correct option is (C)

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Given, the vector field

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= 1+1+1 = 3 Hence correct option is (D)

^t 1h2 u ^t 1h 2 Given, the input x ^ t h = u ^t 1h Its laplace transform is s X ^s h = e s

The Bode plot of a transfer function G ^s h is shown in the figure below.

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Slope = 8 32 log 10 log 1

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.8 G ^s h = k2 = 392 s s Hence correct option is (B)

(A) 15 V (C) + 0.7 V

(B) 0.7 V (D) + 15 V

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(A) k2 (C) 1/k

In the equivalent star connection, the resistance can be given as Rb Ra RC = Ra + Rb + Rc RB = RA = Ra Rc Ra + Rb + Rc Rb Rc Ra + Rb + Rc

= k RA hence, it is also scaled by a factor k Hence correct option is (B)

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Output of ADD B (Stored value at A) 05 + 05 05 + 05 + 04 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 + 01

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The i/p voltage of the system is given as Vin = V1 + Vf = V1 + k Vout = V1 + k A 0 V1

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its inverse Laplace transform is given by y ^ t h = tu ^ t h Hence correct option is (B)

The transfer function

V2 ^s h of the circuit shown below is V1 ^s h

(A) 0.5s + 1 s+1 (C) s + 2 s+1

(B) 3s + 6 s+2 (D) s + 1 s+2

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we obtain RL = 42 + 32 5 Hence correct option is (C)

Given, the return loss of device as 20 dB i.e., in dB = 20 dB (loss)

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Therefore, output of the matched filter is 2 G 0 ^ f h = e f Hence No Option is correct

Q.26 to Q.55 carry two marks each.

1 e v 2 2 2 v We can express the distribution in standard form by assuming X = u 0 = u = 2U u Y2 and Y = v 0 = v = 3V v Y3

Consider the given matrix be R V S2 1 1 1W S1 2 1 1W Im + AB = S W S1 1 2 1W S1 1 1 2W T X where m = 4 so, we obtain R V R S2 1 1 1W S1 S1 2 1 1W S0 AB = S WS S1 1 2 1W S0 S1 1 1 2W S0 T R VX T 1 1 1 1 S W S1 1 1 1W =S W S1 1 1 1W S1 1 1 1W T X

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(A) 100+90c (C) 800+90c

(B) 800+0c (D) 100+60c

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= 800 90c Hence correct option is (C)

(B) 5 (D) 100

(A) 125 and 125 (C) 250 and 125

(B) 125 and 250 (D) 250 and 250

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PR = 5 # 0.05 W = 250 mW Hence correct option is (B) Therefore,

(A) 125/100 and 80/100 (C) 100/100 and 100/100

(B) 100/100 and 80/100 (D) 80/100 and 80/100