DRUG STUDY Drug Name Doxofylline Drug classes: antiasthmati c -COPD preparations Mechanism of Action Adrenergic bronchodilators and

phosphodiesterase inhibitors both work by increasing intracellular level of cyclic-3,5adenosine monophosphate(c AMP); adrenergics by increasing production and phosphodiesterase inhibitors by decreasing breakdown. Increased levels of cAMP produce bronchodilation. Corticosteroids act by decreasing airway inflammation. Anticholinergics (ipratropium) Dosage 400g per tab OD Indication -Bronchial asthma & pulmonary disease w/ spastic bronchial component. Contraindication -Contraindicated with acute MI, hypotension and lactation Side Effects -Paroxysmal spasm and heart rhythm disorder. Nursing Interventions -Assess lung sounds, pulse and blood pressure before administration and during peak of medication. Not amount, color, and character of sputum produced. -Monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy and periodically during therapy to determine effectiveness of medication. -Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing). If conditions occur, withhold medication and notify physician of other health care

produce bronchodilation by decreasing intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Leukotriene receptor antagonists and mast cell stabilizers decrease the release of substances that can contribute to bronchospasm. Drug Name Montelukast Sodium Drug classes: antiasthmati c -leukotriene receptor Mechanism of Action Selectively and competitively blocks the receptors that inhibits leukotriene formation, thus blocking many of the signs and symptoms of Dosage 10g per tab OD Indication -Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 months and older. -Relief of symptoms of Contraindication -Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to montelukast or any of its component; acute asthma attacks; status asthmaticus. Side Effects -Dizziness, nausea, vomiting and headache.

professional immediately.

Nursing Interventions -Administer in the evening without regards to food. -Ensure that the drug is taken continually for optimal effect. -Be aware of the risk of neuropsychiatric events, including

antagonist

asthma neutrophil and eosinophil migration, neutrophil and monocyte aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. These actions contribute to inflammation, edema, mucus secretion and bronchoconstrictio n associated with the signs and symptoms of asthma. Mechanism of Action Citicoline activates the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids in Dosage 1g per TAB OD

seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 2 years and older. -Relief of symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 months and older. -Prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstricti on in patients 15 years and older.

behavior and mood changes; monitor patient accordingly. -Avoid the use of aspirin or NSAIDs in patient with known sensitivities while they are using this drug. -Ensure that patient have readily available rescue medication for acute asthma attacks or situations when a short-acting inhaled drug is needed.

Drug Name Citicoline Drug classes: -CNS

Indication -Parkinsons disease -Head injury -Cerebral

Contraindication -Contraindicated with any allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug.

Side Effects -Body temperature elevation -Restlessness

Nursing Interventions -Citicoline may be taken with or without food. Take it with or between meals.

stimulant -Peripheral vasodilators -Cerebral activators -Nootropics

the neuronal membrane, increases cerebral metabolism and increases the level of various neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine and dopamine. Citicoline has shown neuroprotective effects in situations of hypoxia and ischemia.

vascular disease -Hypertonia of the -Alzheimers parasympathetic disease nervous system -Cerebral surgery or acute cerebral disturbance -Disturbance of consciousness following brain surgery

-Headaches -Nausea and vomiting -Diarrhea -Low or high blood pressure -Tachycardia -Sleeping troubles or insomnia -Blurred vision -Chest pains

-The supplement should not be taken in the late afternoon or at night because it can cause difficulty sleeping. -Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should consult with their doctor before taking the supplements. Not enough is known about the use of Citicoline during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use. -Special attention should be paid for administration in the neonate, premature and children. -Contact the physician immediately if allergic reaction such as hives, rash, or itching, swelling in your face or

hands, mouth or throat, chest tightness or trouble breathing are experienced. -Citicoline therapy should be started within 24 hours of a stroke. The physician will prescribe the correct dosage and the length of time it should be taken for a medical condition.