SYNOPSIS ON 8 CANDIDATE QUIZ BUZZER

Abstract The quiz buzzer systems are widely used in school, colleges and TV programs. The team which presses the buzzer earliest is entitled to give the answer. At times it becomes very difficult to identify which team has pressed the button when two teams press the buzzer within a very small time gap. In such cases the decision can be biased due to human intervention. The quiz buzzer presented here takes care of the aforesaid problem. This quiz buzzer disables the other inputs as soon as the first buzzer is pressed. This quiz buzzer can be used for a ma imum of eight teams. It is build around !"#$ microcontroller %AT!&'#$(. Introduction This quiz buzzer system has eight input pins corresponding to eight teams. The output is displayed on a seven se !ent dis"#a$ %interfaced with microcontroller(, which shows the number corresponding to the team which has pressed the button first. A buzzer is also sounded for a small duration to give an acoustic alarm. The connections of the seven segment, input pins and output pins is shown in the circuit diagram. )or more details, refer *seven se !ent inter%acin +. There are a total of nine input pins. ,ight pins of port -$ of the microcontroller are corresponding to eight inputs and one stop pin for resetting the buzzer system. .n the output side a seven segment is connected to display the corresponding output number. There is also a provision for sounding a bu&&er for a small duration. 'ARD(ARE USED

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SO0T(ARE USED 1ei# u23ision ,*4 4eil 0oftware is used provide you with software development tools for !"#$ based microcontrollers. 5ith the 4eil tools, you can generate embedded applications for virtually every !"#$ derivative. The supported microcontrollers are listed in the 67vision.

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BUZZER BUZZER

8051

7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

T9eor$ o% o"eration8 5hen the system starts, the seven segment does not displays any output. The microcontroller keeps scanning the input pins. As soon as any one of the inputs is pressed, the buzzer sounds for a small duration. The seven segment displays the number corresponding to the input pressed. 8ow even if any other input pin is pressed, there will be no effect on the system till the time the stop pin is pressed to reset the system. A BRIE0 INTRODUCTION TO 84.) 7ICROCONTRO55ER8 5hen we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design %devices architecture(, and also to know about the size, number and the size of the registers. A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor %the '-9(, non7 volatile memory for the program %:.2 or flash(, volatile memory for input and output %:A2(, a clock and an I;. control unit. Also called a <computer on a chip,< billions of microcontroller units %2'9s( are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys

to appliances to automobiles. )or e ample, a single vehicle can use 3" or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller. 8:s.+8 The AT!&0#1 is a low7power, high7performance '2.0 !7bit microcontroller with !4 bytes of in7system programmable )lash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel+s high7density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry7standard !"'#$ instruction set and pinout. The on7chip )lash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in7system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro7grammer. /y combining a versatile !7bit '-9 with in7system programmable )lash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT!&0#1 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly fle ible and cost7effective solution to many, embedded control applications. The AT!&0#1 provides the following standard features= !4 bytes of )lash, 1#> bytes of :A2, ?1 I;. lines, 5atchdog timer, two data pointers, three $>7bit timer;counters, a si 7vector two7level interrupt architecture, a full duple serial port, on7 chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT!&0#1 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle 2ode stops the '-9 while allowing the :A2, timer;counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The -ower7down mode saves the :A2 con7tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the ne t interrupt The following are some of the capabilities of !"#$ microcontroller. Internal :.2 and :A2 I;. ports with programmable pins Timers and counters 0erial data communication

The !"#$ architecture consists of these specific features= $> bit -' @data pointer %A-T:( ! bit program status word %-05( ! bit stack pointer %0-( Internal :.2 Bk Internal :A2 of $1! bytes. B register banks, each containing ! registers !" bits of general purpose data memory

?1 input;output pins arranged as four ! bit ports= -"7-? Two $> bit timer;counters= T"7T$ Two e ternal and three internal interrupt sources .scillator and clock circuits.