Hydrogeological Analysis in Regional Planning of Tigaraksa City, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia

Deny Juanda Puradimaja Research Group on Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Mineral echnology, !nstitut e"nologi #andung, Jl$ Ganesha %o$ &', ('&)* #andung, !ndonesia +e,mail- er.in/gc$it0$ac$id1 2ey.ords- ground.ater 0asin, ground.ater recharge area, regional planning Su0mitted to- Jurnal Geoapli"a A0stract Since &34'5s large scale housing has 0een de6eloped at su0ur0an areas of Ja"arta to respond the needs$ igara"sa is one of the areas, .ith &$&&' "m* area, )$&47$3(( of population$ he area then .as selected as the capital of angerang Regency$ he goal of this paper is to reconfirm the hydrogeological condition of angerang Regency, especially igara"sa area 0ased on ne. data as materials to e6aluate the hydrogeological role of the area$ o achie6e the goal, the methodology must co6er surface and su0 surface condition$ Surface o0ser6ation and geoelectrical mapping has 0een done to e8pose the hydrogeological setting as .or"ing 0asis for planners$ !t can 0e concluded that igara"sa area lies on the recharge area of angerang Regency$ #ased on hydrogeological mapping, it can 0e found that there are layers of porous formation e8posed in the area then dipped north.ard$ his condition sho.s the importance of hydrogeological considerations to spatial planning$ !t is essential for future regional planning to con6erts the area as ground.ater conser6ation area .ith artificial recharge methods, .ithout reducing its current function as capital city$ 1. BACKGROU ! Since &34'5s large scale housing has 0een de6eloped at su0ur0an areas of Ja"arta to respond the needs +9inarso dan 2om0aitan, &33:1$ ;ne of them is igara"sa .hich then 0e used as the capital of angerang Regency +Figure & and a0le &1$ he statistics of the area are &$&&' "m*, )$&47$3(( of population, *4<3 of density$ Sustaina0ility concept ma"es a 0ridge 0et.een today and future$ =sage of natural resources .ithout e8hausting them$ he 0alance 0et.een utili>ation and conser6ation of the natural resources$ Figure &$ Map of to.n distri0ution in Ja0odeta0e" area +in hectares, ?a1 a0le &$ @ist of to.n distri0ution in Ja0odeta0e" area +in hectares, ?a1

". OB#$CTI%$& he hydrogeological and spatial planning study is o0jected to reconfirm the hydrogeological condition of angerang Regency, especially igara"sa area 0ased on ne. data$ he study .ill 0e used as materials to e6aluate the appropriate step to conser6e .ater recharge in the area$ '. ($THO!O)OG* ?ydrogeological condition is a com0ination of t.o main aspects- the solid and the fluid$ he solid aspect comprises the material and the geometry of an aAuifer and the hydraulic properties of the aAuiferB .hile the fluid aspect in6ol6es the hydraulic 0eha6iour of the ground.ater$ herefore, t.o complementary methods ha6e 0een carried out in this study +Figure *1+&1$ Surface mapping of 6olcanic aAuifer system .ith & - *7$''' scale, to identify the geometry of the aAuifer and the hydraulic properties of soil +unconfined aAuifer1$ he data .ere o0tained from o0ser6ation of nearly &'' .ells and *' geoelectrical shot points$ +*1$ Flo. net analysis, to identify the ground.ater flo. system$ he main data is ground.ater le6el position$ Figure *$ Flo.chart of the research +. BACKGROU ! TH$ORI$& +.1 &,staina-le Regional Planning Planning is a decision,ma"ing process regarding Cthe futureD$ ;n each scale of planning process, spatial rules of the social life ha6e 0een formed$ !n planning process preparing scenarios on community scale, firstly spatial analyses should 0e carried out$ Se6eral regional planning issues of ne. to.n E large,scale housing de6elopment- Peri, ur0ani>ation processes- C"otadesasiDB Producti6e agricultural land con6ersion to ur0an use5 Jo0,housing mismatch- to.ard a self,contained ne. to.n de6elopmentB Sustaina0le principles- Macro le6el- physical suita0ility of such de6elopmentB Micro le6el- land use 0ased on land suita0ility analyses$ hroughout the .orld, spatial planning strategies focusing on the sustaina0le de6elopment ha6e ecological approach$ #oth regional and ur0an planning processes ha6e 0een 0ased upon ecological issues$ Each land is not suita0le for e6ery "ind of land uses or is suita0le for only one land use from the natural resource point of 6ie.$ .o important analyses in ur0an planning processes- a1 Supply side- de6elopment capacity analysesB 01 Demand side- de6elopment needs analysesB c1 Sustaina0le approach- 0alancing the demand to supply side$ De6elopment capacity analyses- a1 Macro le6el- physical suita0ility of such de6elopmentB 01 Micro le6el- ,F location suita0ility mapping- Spatial

pattern of factors is sensiti6e to local principles ,F Relati6e suita0ility of locations for specific land use categories +Figure )1$ +." Hydrogeological Considerations in Regional Planning @arge scale housing reAuires continuous supplies of .ater$ his has 0een the major issue for cities and regions in !ndonesia$ Regional planning theories recogni>es si8 physical parameters 0iotic and non 0iotic- slope, roc" E soil, .ater, 6egetation, earth resources, and geological ha>ards$ herefore, it can 0e noticed that planning needs to identify natural resources and potentials$ he position of .ater in third ran" suggests the critical role of .ater as controlling factor in regional planning$ Moreo6er, hydrogeological condition plays important role to regional planning design, .hich is composed of three parts +Figure (1- hydrometeorology, hydrology or .atershed, and hydrogeological 0asin$ he technical procedures must 0e con6ergence 0et.een mapping stages as dra.n on a0le *$ Figure )$ he fi6e tas"s for land classification and ur0an land use design +2aiser et al$, &3371 Figure ($ he three integrated system of .ater +G$ Gastany, &34*1 a0le *$ he con6ergence of ground.ater potential e6aluation in planning stages +Deny Juanda P$, *''<1$ Gonsecuti6ely ground.ater as part of .ater resources needs to manage 0ased on hydrogeological 0asin$ herefore ground.ater management must consist ofhydrogeological mapping in 6arious scale +regional and technical1, understanding of hydrogeological character of !%P= +recharge area1 H PR;GESSES +flo.ing area1 H and ;= P= +discharge area1, control on ground.ater contamination +natural and man,made contamination1 through optimi>ation and ground.ater conser6ation, and control on aAuifer capacity to supply sustaina0le .ater needs +Figure 71$ Recharge area is .here rain or surface .ater infiltrates to the aAuifer$ Discharge area is .here many ground.ater springs emerge to surface$ Flo.ing area is .here the ground.ater flo.s from recharge to discharge area$ he ) areas are controlled 0y geological condition$ As a result, ground.ater flo. differs from surface .ater flo.$ o sharpen the analysis, surface and su0surface mapping is 6ery important +Figure <1$ %oting descriptions a0o6e, hydrogeological 0asin identification is strongly correlated .ith regional planning, recalling that hydrogeological 0oundaries rarely coincide .ith administrati6e 0oundaries +Figure :1$ Figure 7$ An illustration hydrogeological 0asins and ground.ater 0eha6iour$ Figure <$ An illustration of the importance of hydrogeological schemati>ation 0y means of surface and su0surface mapping$

Figure :$ Ground.ater 0asin setting- hydrogeological 0oundaries and administrati6e 0oundaries$ AAuifer & has local recharge,discharge system, aAuifer * has intermediate syste., and a/,ifer ' 0as regional syste. 1!eny #,anda P., "2234. 5. Hydrogeological &yste. of Tigaraksa Area ?ydrogeological study has 0een done at igara"sa, the administration centre of angerang Regency$ #ased on su0surface analysis, the ground.ater 0asin of angerang Regency is composed of three producti6e aAuifers .ith common dip to the north +Figure 41$ he aAuifers consist of- the 6olcanic deposits of Genteng Formation, #anten uff Formation, and allu6ium aAuifer$ he aAuifers are located at ' H (' m up to more than &'' m + a0le )1$ !n the aAuifer systems, there are layers of interstitial clay deposits .ith thic"ness of & H 7 m, as impermea0le lenses$ a0le )$ AAuifer stratification$ Aquifer group I II III Depth (m) 0-40 40-100 > 100 Thickness 3-7 m 2-76 m -22 m Material Clay, sand, conglomerate Breccia, sand, clayish sand, tufaceous sand sand, tufaceous sand !ith clay intercalation

he 0asal 0oundary is he #ojongmani" Formation .ith impermea0le properties$ Ri6er plays role as the .est 0oundary, sea .ater as north 0oundary, and normal fault as east 0oundary$ #ased on potentiometric map, ground.ater comes from the southern area of the regency, as recharge area then flo.s north.ard through Allu6ium, #anten uff, and Genteng Formation$ From the hydrogeological 0oundary, it can 0e concluded that igara"sa area lies on the recharge area$ Since the de6elopment of the area has not considered the hydrogeological setting, it is essential for future regional planning to con6erts the area as ground.ater conser6ation area .ith artificial recharge methods, .ithout reducing its current function$ here are three producti6e aAuifers +dip to the north1- he 6olcanic deposits of Genteng Formation, #anten uff Formation, and allu6ium aAuifer$ he aAuifers are located at ' H (' m up to more than &'' m$ @ayers of interstitial clay deposits .ith thic"ness of & H 7 m, as impermea0le lenses$ #ased on potentiometric map, ground.ater comes from the southern area of the regency$ Ground.ater flo.s north.ard through Allu6ium, #anten uff, and Genteng Formation$ Figure 4$ he hydrogeological setting of angerang Regency 3. CO C)U&IO

!t can 0e concluded that igara"sa area lies on the recharge area of angerang Regency$ #ased on hydrogeological mapping, it can 0e found that there are layers of porous formation e8posed in the area then dipped north.ard$ his condition sho.s the importance of hydrogeological considerations to spatial planning$ !t is essential for future regional planning to con6erts the area as ground.ater conser6ation area .ith artificial recharge methods, .ithout reducing its current function as capital city$ REFERE%GES &$ #aja, Ghapman, and Drago6ich, *''*, =sing G!S,0ased Gontinuous Methods for Assessing Agricultural @and =se Potential in Sloping Areas, Journal of En6ironment and Planning, *3-),*'$ *$ Gastany G$ +&34*1 Principles et mIthodes de l5hydrogIologie Ed$ Dunod =ni6ersitI H #ordas, Paris$ )$ Deny Juanda Puradimaja, *''<, ?idrogeologi 2a.asan Gunungapi dan 2arst di !ndonesia, Pidato Guru #esar ! #, Desem0er *''<$ ($ Ed.ard J$ 2aiser, Da6id R$ Godschal" and F$ Stuart Ghapin, Jr, &337, =r0an @and =se Planning, (th Edition$ =r0ana , !@ - =ni6ersity of !llinois Press$ 7$ Fa0os, J$ Gy, &347, @and,=se Planning$ From Glo0al to @ocal Ghallenge$ A Do.nden and Gul6er 0oo"$ En6ironmental Resource Management Series$ Ghapman and ?all$ %e. Jor"$ <$ Mc?arg, &3<3, Design .ith %ature, John 9iley K Sons :$ 9inarso, ?aryo, #oy 2om0aitan, &33:, he Ja0ota0e" Area- Space Restructuring And he Emergence of Formal Pri6ate Residential De6eloper$ Ma"alah yang dipresentasi"an dalam the (th APSA !nternational Gongress on =r0an Restructuring in the Fast Gro.ing Asia$ !nstitut e"nologi #andung, !ndonesia *,( Septem0er, &33:$