Mrs.

Graham WBHS
 Let’s get grammatical! (harharharhar)

There are 2 basic ways to use colons:

- to introduce something
- to show time, chapter, verse, or
salutation

INTRODUCE

Use a colon to introduce lists,
especially after statements that
use such words as these, namely,
the following, or as follows

Friday’s test will cover these areas:
the circulatory, the digestive, and
the nervous system.

Use a colon to introduce material
that illustrates, explains, or
restates the preceding material

I often wish my parents had more
than one child: they worry too
much about me.

Use a colon to introduce a long or a
formal quotation. A formal
quotation is often preceded by such
words as this, these, the following ,
or as follows

Mrs. Hope asked us to write an essay
on the following African saying: “It is
the rainy season that gives wealth.”
SEPERATE

Use colons to separate/show

Hour and minute (9:30)

Chapter and verse in a biblical
reference (Genesis 7:20)

After a salutation in business
writing (Dear Mrs. Heishman:)
 SEPARATE MAIN (IND) CLAUSES

Use a semicolon to separate main
clauses that are not joined by a coma
and a conjunction

Before:Jimmie was a talented singer and
actor, and he was also a good football
player.

After: Jimmie was a talented singer and
actor; he was also a good football
player.

Use a semicolon to separate main
clauses that are joined by a
conjunctive adverb (however,
therefore, nevertheless, moreover,
furthermore, subsequently, for
example, that is)

Jimmie appeared in many plays
and musicals; for example, he
starred in Othello.
SEPARATE ITEMS IN A SERIES
Use a semicolon to separate items in a
series when one or more already
contain commas
Some of the powerful African kingdoms
that flourished before the 16th century were
Kush, which is near Sudan; Karanga, which
is near Zimbabwe; and Songhai, which is
near the Niger River.

Use a semicolon to separate 2 main
clauses joined by a conjunction when
one or both of the clauses already
contain several commas.

The rule of Mansa Musa, the
Moslem emperor of the African
empire of Mali, is remembered for
military success, trade expansion,
and Muslim scholarship; but this
period is most known as a golden
age of peace.

Two excellent collections of Inuit art are found
in Manitoba, one is housed in the Eskimo
Museum in Churchill and the other can be seen
at the Winnipeg Art Gallery.

Mrs. Stebbins recently learned that Kalani has
a beautiful bass voice, moreover he’s a great
clog dancer.

A large breeding ground for polar bears lies
south of Hudson Bay near Churchill as a result
Churchill is nicknamed Polar Bear Capitol of the
World.
All right ….

Written by Henrik Ibsen (1828 – 1906), who is
from Norway

First writer to use modern language in his
plays

A Doll’s House created much controversy;
many felt it was a vulgar depiction of women

Most critics responded negatively to the play
(and most of Isben’s work); it’s not till the
early Modern period that he receives literary
credit

A movement in literature
Realism is written in
that overlaps modern prose, in modern
modernism; however, it language (not in prose or
begins first verse)

With the rise of the
Depicts characters and
industrial revolution, situations as they are
society begins to see the
Address controversial
stark reality of things, issues
and a need to present
Focus is more on internal
things “as they are” conflict within a
rather than an ideal character
present creates realism
Theater becomes a social
commentary, not just a
source of entertainment

Ibsen was revolutionary in
Ibsen creates plays that are
the way he changed plot heavy with idealized
theater storylines and unhappy

He was the first to use (but realistic) endings
theater as a vehicle for
Created ‘psychological’
social commentary dramas w/internal conflict

He took unacceptable
His plays are called
ideas and examined them “problem plays” (real-life
using the theater issues)

He was the first to use
Ibsen wanted plays to
ordinary people as become more of a moving
characters picture, and less of a
reading
OLD THEATER

Told stories of kings, queens,
characters of noble situations

The endings were also
resolved, complete

Elevated language written in
prose or verse

Focused more on classical
themes, less on day to day
problems

Conflicts tended to be
external, more man vs.man or
man vs society
NEW THEATER

Tells stories of characters
from all spectrums of society

Reflect ordinary language and
ordinary situations that do
not have happy, clean
endings

Emphasis is on the current
controversial issues that
happen in everyday society

Conflict was more internal
(there all along in the
character, but sparked by an
external conflict)
A Doll’s House
Begin on page 943

– Written in 1879
-–Caused extreme
controversy,
particularly
among women
– The most
famous of Ibsen’s
problem plays
– Focuses on the
role and status of
women in the late
19th century