DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Fluid Mechanics II (MEng 3306) : Worksheet 1 Chapter1. Potential Flow Theory

1. The velocity components of an incompressible, two dimensional velocity field are given by the equations

Show that the flow is irrotational and satisfies conservation of mass. 2. Some velocity measurements in three-dimensional incompressible flow field indicate that and . There is some conflicting data for the velocity component in the z direction. One set of data indicates that and the other set indicates that . Which set do you think is correct? Explain. 3. Determine an expression for the vorticity of the flow field described by Is the flow irrotational? 4. For a certain incompressible, two-dimensional flow field the velocity component in the y direction is given by the equation Determine the velocity component in the x direction so that the continuity equation is satisfied. 5. Given the stream function for a flow as , show that the Bernoulli

equation can be applied between any two points in the flow field.

6. The stream function for a two-dimensional, nonviscous, incompressible flow field is given by the expression where the stream function has the units of m2/s with x and y in meter.
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a) Is the continuity equation satisfied? b) Is the flow field irrotational? If so, determine the corresponding velocity potential. c) Determine the pressure gradient in the horizontal x direction at the point x = 2 m and y = 2 m. 7. It is suggested that the velocity potential for the incompressible, nonviscous, twodimensional flow along the wall shown in figure below is

Is this a suitable velocity potential for flow along the wall? Explain

8. The velocity potential for a certain inviscid flow field is

where has the units of when x and y are in meter. Determine the pressure difference between the points (1, 2) and (4, 4), where the coordinates are in meter, if the fluid is water and elevation changes are negligible.

Chapter 2. Compressible Flow

1. Air enters a compressor with a stagnation pressure of 100 kPa and a stagnation temperature of 27C, and it is compressed to a stagnation pressure of 900 kPa. Assuming the compression process to be isentropic, determine the power input to the compressor for a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s. Answer: 5.27 kW

2. Air flows through a device such that the stagnation pressure is 0.6 MPa, the stagnation temperature is 400C, and the velocity is 570 m/s. Determine the static pressure and temperature of the air at this state. Answers: 518.6 K, 0.23 MPa

3. Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic nozzle at 1200 K with a velocity of 50 m/s and leaves at 400 K. Assuming constant specific heats at room temperature, determine the Mach number (a) at the inlet and (b) at the exit of the nozzle. The gas constant of carbon dioxide is R = 0.1889 kJ/kgK. Its constant pressure specific heat and specific heat ratio at room temperature are cp = 0.8439 kJ/kgK and k = 1.288. Answers: (a) 0.0925, (b) 3.73

4. Nitrogen enters a steady-flow heat exchanger at 150 kPa, 10C, and 100 m/s, and it receives heat in the amount of 120 kJ/kg as it flows through it. Nitrogen leaves the heat exchanger at 100 kPa with a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine the Mach number of the nitrogen at the inlet and the exit of the heat exchanger. The gas constant of N2 is R = 0.2968 kJ/kgK. Its constant pressure specific heat and specific heat ratio at room temperature are cp = 1.040 kJ/kgK and k = 1.4. Answers: Mainlet= 0.292 Maexit= 0.501 5. Air enters a convergingdiverging nozzle at a pressure of 1.2 MPa with negligible velocity. What is the lowest pressure that can be obtained at the throat of the nozzle? Answer: 634 kPa

6. Consider the isentropic flow of a fluid through a convergingdiverging nozzle with a subsonic velocity at the throat. How does the diverging section affect (a) the velocity, (b) the pressure, and (c) the mass flow rate of the fluid? 7. Air enters a nozzle at 0.2 MPa, 350 K, and a velocity of 150 m/s. Assuming isentropic flow, determine the pressure and temperature of air at a location where the air velocity equals the speed of sound. What is the ratio of the area at this location to the entrance area? Answers: 301.0 K, 0.118

8. Air enters a convergingdiverging nozzle at 0.8 MPa with a negligible velocity. Assuming the flow to be isentropic, determine the back pressure that will result in an exit Mach number of 1.8. Answer: 0.139 MPa 9. Air enters a convergingdiverging nozzle of a supersonic wind tunnel at 1 MPa and 300 K with a low velocity. If a normal shock wave occurs at the exit plane of the nozzle at Ma = 2, determine the pressure, temperature, Mach number, velocity, and stagnation pressure after the shock wave. Answers: 0.575 MPa, 281 K, 0.577, 194 m/s, 0.721 MPa 10. Air enters a convergingdiverging nozzle with low velocity at 2.0 MPa and 100C. If the exit area of the nozzle is 3.5 times the throat area, what must the back pressure be to produce a normal shock at the exit plane of the nozzle? Answer: 0.661 MPa