CCPTM can help make the right choice

The CCP software tool can make a difference to system planners and project engineers , making it easy to compare conductors being considered for any project
Customized to conditions for the specific project requirements

Allows comparison of most conductor types, not just ACCC versus ACSR
Illustrates both performance and economic impact of conductor selection Compatible with results from PLS CADDTM and Sag 10 Easy to use and supported by CTC Global for any project planning When the program is first installed, a CTC icon will appear on your desktop Program runs in Excel 2007/2010/2013, Windows only Can contact applicationsupport@ctcglobal.com for technical assistance

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Review of CCP

CCP is downloaded from DropBox after invitation from CTC Global. The COMPARISONS tab is the functional program.
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CCP: Project Questionnaire

All of the information needed for an initial conductor comparison is captured in the Project Questionnaire.
Everything in yellow are required fields to fill out Allows CTC Global to get a good assessment of the project and more quickly come to a recommendation of an ACCC option for the project

Copyright July 2013 CTC Global Corporation All Rights Reserved

CCP: Overview of CCP tab

The CCP has a high level overview of the sections of data entry as a reference for new users.
Gives a brief overview of the program and its purposes This instruction manual provides more detail of terms and the impact the selections will have on the calculated results

Copyright July 2013 CTC Global Corporation All Rights Reserved

Reviewing steps in making a Comparison

1. Demonstrate the areas for inputs, conductor selection and outputs.
1. 2. Environmental Inputs Line factors/Cost factors 3. Conductor Selection 4. Ice/wind conditions 5. Sag calculation factors 6. Temperature and line loses 7. Sag and tension results 8. Visual sag and limits 9. Efficiency and emissions 10. Thermal Knee Point calculations
Input Company and/or Project Name ACCC-1026 - DRAKE Base Conductor Type: ACCC 1026 - DRAKE Size (kcmil Al - Code Word): 1025.6 Aluminum Area (kcmil): 1.108 Diameter (in.): 41,200 Rated Strength (lbf): 1,051.8 Weight (lb/kft): 0.01634 DC Resistance at 20C (ohms/kft): 0.01689 AC Resistance at 25C (ohms/kft): 0.02017 AC Resistance at 75C (ohms/kft): Conductors per phase: Circuits: Ampacity (A) at Temperature (C): 70 Ampacity (A) at Rated Operating Temp (C): 180 Ampacity (A) at Maximum Temp (C): 200 1 1 978 1,786 1,884 Input Company and/or Project Name ACSR-795 - DRAKE ACSS/TW/HS-285-960 - SUWANNEE English-US Units Conductor #1 Conductor #2 Version Language Voltage Type ACSR ACSS/TW/HS-285 2.5.2 Beta English AC 795 - DRAKE 960 - SUWANNEE Environmental Inputs 1 795.0 959.6 95.9 Sun Radiation (W/ft) 1.108 1.108 25 Ambient Temp. (C) 31,500 38,600 2.00 Wind (ft/sec) 1,094.0 1,316.5 0 Elevation (ft) 0.02138 0.01720 0.5 Solar Absorptivity 0.02208 0.01782 0.5 Emissivity 0.02633 0.02134 90 Wind Angle (deg.) Azimuth of Line (NS=0, EW=90) 0 1 1 32 Latitude (neg = South) 1 1 June Month 65 800 175 1,708 21 Day of Month 75 908 200 1,828 12 Time (24 hrs.) 100 1,120 250 2,043 Clear Atmosphere 75 0.13901 6,065 929 1,576 26% 157,566 2.58 4,726,976 27,874 0.150200 3,370 2,696,285 20.0% 28.60 6,300.0 67 0.10955 4,779 171 290 6% 29,014 0.47 870,426 5,133 0.1298 4,202 3,361,731 20.0% 28.10 7,720.0 Load and Generation Cost Assumptions 3.9 Line Length (miles) 88 Voltage (kV) Peak Operating Amps 908 70% Load Factor 52% Loss Factor 138 Peak Power per Circuit (MW) 3 Phases/Circuit 100 Cost of Energy Generation ($/MWh) 1.300 CO (lb/kWh) 0% Load Increase/Year Conductor Information Select Units US Units

Set Default Environmental Inputs

Line Loss (Based on Inputted Peaking Operating Amps Value) Steady-State Temperature (C) at Peak Ampacity: 65 Resistance at Peak Operating Amps (ohm/mile): 0.10290 First Year Line Losses (MWh): 4,489 ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces First Year CO Generated by (MT): ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces First Year Line Losses by (MWh): ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces First Year Line Losses by (%): ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces First Year Line Losses by ($/Year): ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Line Loss Savings per ft of Conductor ($/ft):

Revenue Attainable during Peak Capacity (Limited by Max Sag) Peak Power Available for Delivery (20 hrs.) (MWh): Potential Revenue for Power Delivered ($): Initial Sag and Tension: % RTS: Sag at Initial Sagging Temperature (ft): Initial Tension at Sagging Temperature (lbf): Sag/Tension at Above Stringing Temperature: Sag at Peak Operating Amps Temp(C): Sag (ft): Tension (lbf): Temp(C): Sag (ft): Tension (lbf): Temp(C): Sag (ft): Tension (lbf): Max. Temp(C): Sag (ft): Tension (lbf): Ampacity (A): Keep this line -->> Sag (ft): Tension (lbf): Knee Point Temperature Sag/Tension:

ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces 30 year line loss by ($): ACCC 1026 - DRAKE - Reduces 30 year CO generation by (MT): 0.14975 5,621 4,496,963 15.0% 28.10 6,180.0

Resistance at Peak Capacity (ohm/mile) 700 Peak Capacity (MWh) 20 Hours/Year at Peak Capacity (hr.) 800 Price of Energy at Peak Capacity ($/MWh) Initial Sag and Tension: 1148.29396 Ruling Span (ft) 21 Initial Sagging Temperature (C) 39.4 Maximum Allowable Sag (ft) Sag Comparison Graph

4592.69368

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65 33.50 5,180.0 180 35.10 4,938.0 200 35.20 4,920.0 200 35.20 4,920.0 1,884 26.90 6,459.0

75 35.30 5,115.0 75 35.30 5,115.0 100 38.10 4,736.0 100 38.10 4,736.0 1,120 26.20 6,876.0

67 33.90 6,404.0 200 43.80 4,953.0 250 46.50 4,667.0 121 39.40 5,510 1,398 26.20 8,287.0

50 45 40 35
Sag (ft):

Sag at Rated Operating Temperature

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 50
ACCC-1026 - DRAKE ACSR-795 - DRAKE ACSS/TW/HS-285-960 - SUWANNEE Maximum Allowable Sag (ft)

Sag at Maximum Temperature

Temperature at Maximum Allowable Sag Ampacity Cells Turn Red if Max Capacity is not reached Wind / Ice or Cold Temperature Sag/Tension:

2. All yellow cells are inputs, can enter own value or choose from dropdown list

200

100

121

100 150 Temperature (C)

200

250

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Knee Point Temperature (C): Sag (ft): Tension (lbf):

74 34.40 5038.0

114 39.50 4561.0

109 38.70 5608.0

Wind / Ice Conditions 0 Temperature (C) 12.0 Windspeed (mph) 0.00 NESC K-Factor (lb/ft) 0.00 Radial Ice Thickness (in.) 0.0 Ice Density (lb/ft)

Sag (ft):

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Step 1: Adjusting environmental conditions

CCP is adjustable to Metric or US units for AC and DC Transmission lines.
Can select language, presently includes English , Chinese, Russian, Vietnamese , Czech, Polish and Spanish ,Sun Radiation (W/m3): IEEE 738 calculates the affect of the sun radiation on heating the conductor. Is determined by: Latitude (neg = South): Determines sun location in sky Month: Enter desired month Day of Month: Enter desired day Time (24 hrs.): Enter desired time Atmosphere: Condition of sky Elevation (m): Determines the atmospheric impact on the amount of sun radiation on the conductor Solar Absorptivity: This factor is used to calculate the percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the conductor and converted to heat Emissivity: This factor is used to calculate the amount of heat shed by the conductor surface Wind Angle (deg.): Modifies the effect of wind cooling Azimuth of Line (NS=0, EW=90): Effects the solar radiation impact based on the average compass angle of the line

Ambient Temp. (C): This sets the base temperature for performing the ampacity and conductor temperature calculations. In countries with high seasonal variance, it can be important to consider summer and winter conditions separately. Wind (m/sec): Used to determine the amount of cooling at the surface of the conductor.
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Step 1: Typical range and impact of changes

These inputs effect the basic capacity rating of the line, and assumptions made during planning can result in significant changes in the rating
Sun Radiation (W/m3): The higher the sun radiation value, the higher the starting temperature of the conductor, and hence the lower the available capacity of the line Ambient Temp. (C): The higher the assumed ambient temperature, the lower the available capacity of the line. Most calculations are based on temperature at time of peak loading. A 1 C change in temperature results in ~1 to 2% change in ampacity. Wind (m/sec): The cooling effect based on wind speed can have a significant impact on the ampacity rating. A 10% change in wind speed can have a 5% affect on the ampacity rating. Elevation (m): Higher the elevation, the higher the sun radiation amount. Up to 30% more radiation at 4500 meters (15,000 ft) vs. sea level. Solar Absorptivity: 0.5 is generally assumed for a matte finished conductor, which will age to 0.9 over time. A 0.9 value results in a ~10% reduction in line ampacity. However, this is offset by emissivity.

Emissivity: 0.5 is generally assumed for a matte finished conductor, which will age to 0.9 over time. A 0.9 value results in a 10% increase in line ampacity. However, this is offset by solar absorptivity.
Wind Angle (deg.): The cooling effect of a 5 angle change is about 1% change in ampacity. A complete 90 change results in ~30% change in ampacity. Azimuth of Line (NS=0, EW=90): Depending on the latitude, the value of the azimuth of the line will have a small impact on ampacity.

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Step 2: Voltage/CO2/Cost Assumption Inputs

These entries are used as the basis for calculating operating conditions and economic impact
Line Length (km): Line length is primarily used to determine the amount of line losses for a project. Voltage (kV): Impacts only the power delivered by the line. Presently no power factor is considered. Peak Op. Amps: The expected maximum amps to be delivered. Load Factor: Represents a percentage of peak annual amps used to calculate the average amps demanded on a daily basis. Loss Factor: Is calculated based on load factor by a standard electrical engineering formula assuming cyclical demand distribution. Peak Power per Circuit (MW): Calculated based on standard formulas for DC and AC power delivery Phases/Circuit: Based on AC or DC line configuration Cost of Energy Generation ($/MWh): Based on an assumption for the weighted average cost of generation. CCP also considers peak loading performance and economics: Hours/Year at Peak Capacity (hr.): Hours expected to operate during the year at peak amps Price of Energy at Peak Capacity ($/MWh): Selling price per MWh at peak operating capacity

CO2 (kg/kWh): Assumed average CO2 generated for each kWh.

Load Increase/Year: Expected increase load due to demand.
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Copyright July 2013 CTC Global Corporation All Rights Reserved

Step 2: Typical range and impact of changes

These values affect the economics of the planned transmission line project:
Line Length (km): The longer the line, the greater the line losses. Any percentage increase in line length is directly proportional to line losses, assuming constant ampacity across the entire line length. (This version of CCP does not calculate voltage drop, SIL, or other loss factors that can occur along the line) Voltage (kV): Impacts the peak power of the circuit. Peak Op. Amps (A): This impacts the calculated resistance of the line. This is a non-linear relationship between resistance and ampacity. A 10% change in peak operating amps results in a 10% change in temperature and a 20% change in line losses. Load Factor: Shifts the minimum and average load distribution. A 10% change in Load Factor results in a 20% change in line losses. Loss Factor: Relates the peak operating amps to the daily fluctuations in the load and is used in calculating line losses. Peak Power per Circuit (MW): A calculated circuit load. Phases/Circuit: Calculated based on voltage type. Cost of Energy Generation ($/MWh): Basis for economics. CO2 (kg/kWh): Basis for greenhouse gas calculations. Load Increase/Year: Basis for 30 year calculations.
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The revenue achievable during peak operating conditions is a direct function of these two inputs. But, this value is also related to the maximum sag condition set for the conductor. See section 5. Hours/Year at Peak Capacity (hr.) Price of Energy at Peak Capacity ($/MWh)

Step 3: Selection of Conductors and Amps Calculations

All conductor information is derived directly from the manufactures conductor specification and wire files.
Type: Choose from dropdown list. Size (Al Code Word): Select a size for that type of conductor for comparison. Aluminum Area (mm2): The cross sectional area of the Al only. Diameter (mm): Outside diameter of the selected conductor size. Rated Strength (kN): Rated maximum tensile strength of the conductor. Weight (kg/km): The unit weight of the conductor. DC Resistance at 20C (ohms/km): Nominal DC resistance of the conductor at 20C

Conductors per phase: Number of conductor bundled in the phase Circuits: Number of circuit to perform the line loss/CO2 calculations.

Capacity ratings are dependent upon the environmental inputs:

Ampacity (A) at Temperature (C): User chooses a temperature at which they want the ampacity calculated, based upon the inputted environmental assumptions.
Ampacity (A) at Rated Operating Temp (C): Value is from the database, shows the ampacity at the rated operating temperature of the conductor, based upon the inputted environmental assumptions Ampacity (A) at Maximum Temp (C): Value is from the database, shows the ampacity at the rated operating temperature of the conductor, based upon the inputted environmental assumptions

AC Resistance at 25C/75C (ohms/km): Nominal AC resistance of conductor at 25C and 75C

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Step 3: Impact of conductor properties

Data in this section is used to show ampacity, temperature and sag.
Type: First conductor type is the base conductor, will impact the rest of the comparisons. (Suggest ACCC conductor.) Size (Al Code Word): Impact the calculated capacity of the conductor. Aluminum Area (mm2): Impact the calculated capacity of the conductor. Diameter (mm): Impact the capacity, and the wind load sags. Rated Strength (kN): Determine if factor of safeties on the conductor are being meant and will impact the sags. Weight (kg/km): Impact the sags.

Conductors per phase: Impact the line loss calculations, the more conductors per phase, the lower the overall resistance of the circuit. Circuits: Impacts the line loss calculations, the more circuits, the more line losses will be calculated in the comparison. Ampacity (A) at Temperature (C): Choosing a specific temperature, can show differences in ampacity at different temperatures that might be a larger interest to the user than the rated and maximum temperatures. Ampacity (A) at Rated Operating Temp (C): Can be used to compare what the rated capacities will be. Ampacity (A) at Maximum Temp (C): Can be used to compare what the absolute maximum capacity of the line could be.
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DC Resistance at 20C (ohms/km): Impact the line loss comparison, can chose a lower resistance conductors to make comparisons against. AC Resistance at 25C/75C (ohms/km): Impacts the resistance, these values are used to calculate the resistance at any other calculated temperature of the conductor
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Step 4: Setting initial sag conditions

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The project conditions for initial sag, tension and installation temperature will allow CCP to calculate the sags at various operating conditions.
Ruling Span (m): The approximate average distance between two towers for each line section used to determine all sags and tensions within that section. Larger spans in the section will influence this calculation the most.

Initial Sagging Temperature (C): The expected ambient temperature when initially stringing the line.
Maximum Allowable Sag (m): Based on clearance requirements. % RTS: The tension at initial sagging based on the rated tensile strength (RTS) of the conductor. Can also be considered Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Rated Breaking Strength (RBS).

Sag at Initial Sagging Temperature (m): This number is calculated based on the initial tension in the conductor.
Initial Tension as Sagging Temperature (kN): This number is calculated based on the percent RTS of the conductor chosen at a given temperature.

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Step 4: Impact of Initial Sagging Conditions

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The initial tension, ruling span and installation temperature will have a significant influence on the sags and the knee point temperature of the selected conductor.
Ruling Span (m): Set by the number of towers in a section of the line. The selection of a ruling can be affected by clearance requirements, tower cost/height/strength, and conductor properties. The economics impact of the ruling span on a project are a complicated trade off of all of these factors. Initial Sagging Temperature (C): The initial temperature is used as a basis to calculate sags at all other temperatures. The impact of installation temperature needs to be considered for initial tension and final sag conditions. Maximum Allowable Sag (m): Based on clearance requirements, maximum sag may limit the ampacity of a conductor with high thermal sag. This will impact each conductor individually. % RTS: Ensure tension on the conductor does not exceed regulated limit, such as factor of safety that determine the maximum tensions the conductor can exhibit under specific weather conditions. Sag at Initial Sagging Temperature (m): Shows what the initial ruling span sag should be when the conductor is newly installed. Initial Tension as Sagging Temperature (kN): Shows the tension the conductor will exhibit when its first installed.

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Step 5: Set wind and ice conditions & Impacts

Ice/wind conditions typically cause the largest loading on the towers.
Temperature (C): Temperature at which the worst loading case (either ice or wind) would exist. Windspeed (km/hr): Speed of the wind for a specific worst weather case. Safety Factor (N/m): An additional weight added to the conductor to build in a factor of safety to ensure the maximum tension on the towers is not exceeded. Radial Ice Thickness (mm): The thickness of ice formed on the line for a specific worst weather case. This adds additional weight to the conductor. Ice Density (kg/m3): The density of ice during the specific worst weather case. Typical Range and Impact of Changes. Temperature (C): The colder the weather, the more tension there is on the conductor. The temperature should be equal to the expected ambient temperature, not the operating temperature. Windspeed (km/hr): The wind speed is translated into a unit weight that is added to the conductor weight, and adds additional sag and tension to the conductor. Safety Factor (N/m): Typically set by country or utility requirements. Radial Ice Thickness (mm): Set by regulatory requirements. Ice Density (kg/m3): Set by regulatory requirements.

These calculations do not consider dynamic forces that affect the line, hardware or appropriate safety factors for a project. These strictly relate to the weather impact on sag clearance.
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Step 6: Evaluate line loss reduction and benefits

CCP uses the resistances of the cables to calculate the differences in temperature, line losses and CO2 emission

Steady-State Temperature at Peak Ampacity: Temperature of the conductor when operating at peak operating amps. Large differences in temperature will lead to differences in line losses/CO2 emissions between the selected conductors. First Year Line Losses (MWh): The amount of line losses generated for the selected conductor. Is based upon the line length, number of conductors per phase, the number of circuits, the resistance of the cable at the calculated temperature and the load (loss) factor.

Comparisons are based on the conductor in the first column. When the number is positive, means the base conductor is reducing the line losses/CO2 generated over the other selected conductor. When the number is negative, means the base conductor is increasing the line losses/CO2 generated over the other selected conductor. Base Conductor Reduces First Year CO2 Generated by (MT): Shows the difference in the amount of CO2 generated vs. the base conductor. Base Conductor Reduces First Year Line Losses by (MWh): Shows the difference in MWh the base conductor reduces/increases the line losses by.

Base Conductor Reduces First Year Line Losses by (%): Shows the difference, in percentage, the base conductor reduces/increases the line losses by.
Base Conductor Reduces First Year Line Losses by ($/Year): Shows the amount of money the base conductor would save/not save over the other conductors. Base Conductor Line Loss Savings per meter of Conductor ($/m): Shows the line loss savings on a per meter of conductor basis.
Copyright July 2013 CTC Global Corporation All Rights Reserved 15

Step 7: Sag/Tension Calculations & Impacts

CCP uses manufacturers specifications and wire files to calculate the operating sag of the conductor.
Sag at Peak Operating Amps (Temp/Sag/Tension): Shows the sags for the selected conductors at the user specified peak operating amps. The colors coordinate with the values found in sections 3 & 6.
Sag at Rated Operating Temp (Temp/Sag/Tension): The sag at the rated operating temperature of the selected conductors. Sag at Maximum Temp (Temp/Sag/Tension): The sag at the maximum operating temperature of the selected conductors. Temperature at Maximum Allowable Sag (Max. Temp/Sag/Tension/Ampacity): Shows the temperature at which the selected conductor reaches the maximum allowable sag, set by the user in section 5. Ampacity values turn red when the selected conductors maximum capacity cannot be reached due to being sag limited. Wind/Ice or Cold Temperature Sag/Tension (Sag/Tension): Shows the sag for the ice/wind condition specified by the user inputs.
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Impacts of these sag/tension calculations: Results show the differences in the sags of the selected conductors at key temperatures Show the impact of limiting the sags, and how the limit may reduce the maximum capacity of the selected conductor in order to ensure clearances are not violated

Step 8: Visual sag presentation at temperature

A graphical representation of the sags as a function of temperature, driven by ampacity and maximum allowed conductor temperature.
Shows the sags for the three conductors selected
The bend in sag graph shows the location of the knee point temperature Below the knee point, the conductor sags are dictated by the composite conductor properties Above the knee point, the conductor sags are dictated by the core properties alone Sags are only shown for the range of temperatures the conductor is rated to. The maximum sag line is also shown, to demonstrate where the potential sag limit may be and how it will impact conductor performance.
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Step 9: Understand the long term impact

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CCP performs basic 30 year line loss calculations and can calculate the potential revenue when operating at peak amps for a certain number of hours per year
Base conductor Reduces 30 Year Line Losses by ($): Calculation is determined by the user inputted year load increase, allows all conductors to grow in load until the maximum use temperature of the base conductor is reached, and then cuts off the load growth. Calculation shows the differences in the line loss savings between the base and selected conductors over a 30 year period with no discount rate or NPV calculation performed. Base Conductor Reduces 30 Year CO2 Generated by (MT): As with the 30 year line loss calculation, performs the same calculation for the CO2 reduction. Peak Power Available for Delivery (User inputted hrs.) (MWh): This peak capacity is determined by the sag limitation shown in section 8. Calculation shows the peak power that is delivered at the end of the line, minus the line losses over the line at peak capacity. Potential Revenue for Power Delivered ($): Utility may charge a different selling price when the line is operating at peak capacity. Knowing what the peak power delivered potential can be, is multiplied by the cost of selling the power while at peak capacity. Shows differences in revenue each conductor choice can achieve.
Copyright July 2013 CTC Global Corporation All Rights Reserved 18

Step 10: Thermal Knee Point Calculation

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CCP can calculate the thermal knee point temperature of each of the selected conductors
All Bi-metallic conductors have a thermal knee point temperature For conventional ACSR, the thermal knee point is typically above its maximum use temperature Other high temperature, low sag conductor types, this knee point transition typically occurs within the operating range of the conductor Thermal Knee Point is not a set value though, it is dependent on several factors: 1) Al/core area ratio 2) Span length (or ruling span length) 3) Initial installation tension on the conductor Thermal Knee Points results are: A) Temperature at which the thermal knee point occurs at B) The sag at the thermal knee point C) The tension at which the thermal knee point
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Additional CTC Application Engineering Support

The Application Engineering Group at CTC Global is ready to support your project in a number of ways.
Once a project questionnaire is received, which is also embedded into the CCP program, the application engineering team will begin the process of selecting the best conductor for the project, whether its a reconductoring or new line project First evaluate the capabilities of the old conductor and looking at the project goals, determine which ACCC option could potentially meet the requirements Can perform sag/tension calculations based on known stress-strain curves for nearly every conductor type, using either PLS-CADD or Sag10 software packages, and verify the sags shown on CCP are close to what these software programs would calculate for similar starting sagging conditions. Once conductors are chosen, write up a technical summary of which conductors CTC Global feels can meet the project requirements and send analysis back to the customer who requested the analysis. Once a project is identified as being a potential project for the ACCC option, application engineers can directly communicate with the engineer of the project to help with any additional analysis or answer technical questions about the ACCC option for the project CTC Global Application Engineers though are not line designers, but are able to help facilitate the choice of using an ACCC option for a project

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