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2
Mathematical Formulae
1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2 bx c 0 ,
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
Binomial expansion
n n1 n n 2 2 n
a b n a n a b a b ... a n r b r ... b n ,
1 2 r
n n! n(n 1)...(n r 1)
where n is a positive integer and
r r!(n r )! r!
2. TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
sin 2 A cos 2 A 1
sec 2 A 1 tan 2 A
cosec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sin( A B ) sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos( A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B
tan A tan B
tan( A B)
1 tan A tan B
sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A
cos 2 A cos A sin 2 A 2 cos 2 A 1 1 2 sin 2 A
2
2 tan A
tan 2 A
1 tan 2 A
1 1
sin A sin B 2 sin ( A B ) cos ( A B )
2 2
1 1
sin A sin B 2 cos ( A B ) sin ( A B )
2 2
1 1
cos A cos B 2 cos ( A B ) cos ( A B )
2 2
1 1
cos A cos B 2 sin ( A B ) sin ( A B )
2 2
Formulae for ABC
a b c
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
1
ab sin C
2
1. An experiment was carried out to study the growth of a certain micro organism.
The population, P, present at t hours after the initial observation, is given by the
formula P 310 150e 0.2t .
(ii) Calculate the time taken for the population of the micro organism to reach
2500. Give your answer to the nearest hour. [1]
(iii) Find the population of the micro organism at the beginning of the 5th day
of the experiment, leaving your answer in standard form. [1]
(iv) Calculate the average rate of increase of the population on the first 24
hours. [2]
3. Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y = e x cos x for
0 x . Leave your answer in exact form. [5]
5. In the diagram below, A is a point outside the circle with centre O such that AY
and AX are tangents to the circle. M is the midpoint of the chord XY and the line
ACD cuts the circle at B.
O
X
M C
Y
B
Prove that
(i) ∆OMX is similar to ∆XMA, [2]
(ii) MX 2 OM MA , [1]
(iii) AC 2 AB AD CD BC . [5]
(a) 2 x 1 24 2 x 64 0 [3]
1
(b) log 2 y 2 5 2 log 2 y 5 3 [3]
8
(c) 12 log 9 z 4 log z 9 . [5]
7. (a) The diagram shows the graph of y a tan bx 1 . Find the values of a
and b. [2]
(iv) Hence, write down the number of solutions for the equation
3 sin 2 x
cos x 1 . [2]
2
8. The diagram below shows part of the curve y 5 x 3 20 x 2 . The line AB cuts the
curve at A, the maximum point of the curve, and B at x = 1.
y 5 x 3 20 x 2
x
0
(a) Find
(b) A point (x, y) such that x > 2 moves along the curve y 5 x 3 20 x 2 .
Find the value of y when the rate of decrease of y is 15 times the rate of
increase of x. [4]
5m
B
2m
D C
10. (a) Show that the roots of (a2 – bc)x2 + 2(b + c)x – 4 = 0 are real if a, b and
c are real. [3]
(b) Find the range of values of p for which y x 2 2( p 3) x 25 lies
entirely below the x-axis. [3]
(c) The roots of the quadratic equation 3 x 2 2 x 7 0 are and . Find
the quadratic equation whose roots are and . [7]
1 1
x 2 3 4 5 6 7.5
y 3.48 4.82 6.06 7.22 9.5 9.99
(iii) Ignoring the incorrect point, draw a suitable straight line to estimate
the values of a and of b. [4]
(iv) Use your graph to estimate the value of y to replace the incorrect
value. [1]
THE END
Answers
1. (i) 460 (ii) 14 h (iii) 3.27 1010 (iv) 753
(b) A = 50.8,129.2,230.8,309.2
e 4
3 ,
4 2
4 (a) (i) a = 3, b = 79.
(ii) 3 x 2 3 x 5
(b) x = -2 or 10 , 3 x 2 3 x 5 0 has no real roots
5 (i)
Let MOˆ X x
OMˆ X 90 x MAˆ X OMˆ X 90
OMˆ X AMˆ X 90
By AA OMX is similar to XMA
AC 2 AM 2 MC 2 ( Pythagoras thm)
AX 2 MX 2 MC 2
AX MX MC 2
2 2
6 (a) x=4,6
(b) y = 1.5
(c) z = 1.44
7. (a) a=3,b=2
3
(b) (i) ,1
4
(ii/iii)
y 3 sin 2 x 2
y 2 cos x
(iv) 3 solutions
2 11
8. (a) (i) 2 ,47
3 27
85
(ii) 5 square units
108
(b) 45
9. (i) A
5m
B
2m
D C
AD = AX + XD
AX XD
cos sin
5 2
AX 5 cos XD 2 sin
(iii) 29 , 21.8
(iv) 63.8
10. (a)
b 2 4ac 2b 2c 4 a 2 bc (4)
2
2 2
4 4a b 2bc c 2
4 4a 2 b c
2
2
16a 2 4b c
for all real values of a. Hence, 4 4 a 2 b c 0 for all real values of
2
a, b and c.
(b) 2 p 8
(c) 12 x 2 16 x 7 0