Mun 1 Hyunji Mun 2018 Science Mr.

Parsons 25 Nov 2013 Calorimetry Lab Background Theory The reactions in chemical sciences are generally breaking and making of chemical bonds. Some heat effects accompany this. Formation of chemical bonds releases energy in the form of heat, which is known as an exothermic reaction. The reaction that is accompanied with absorption of heat is known as endothermic reaction. Calorimetry is a scientific term dealing with the changes in energy by measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings. It is also defined as determining the heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. To calculate the energy (heat), you can use the formula: heat = mass specific heat temperature change For example, if the water was 5ml and the temperature change was 20, you multiply both of them and then multiply with 4.2. = 5x20x4.2 =420 J Aim The aim is to identify the amount of energy in the food samples by using the mass of food samples and the temperature of water. Prediction I predict that the temperature change of the water will depend on the mass of the samples, which is the energy and the energy will increase with the mass used. Diagram

Variables Independent Variable: Mass of the samples Dependent Variable: Temperature of the water

Mun 2 Materials At least 3 food sample (Mass with 0.1-0.3g) A Bunsen burner A matchstick A thermometer A stopwatch A test tube (Taller than 10ml) A graduated cylinder (Taller than 10ml) Tap water Gas tap A lab support stand with a clamp A bottle cork A 5cm long needle Method 1. You will need at least 2 people to do this experiment. 2. Make the clamp nip the test tube and make sure it is tight enough so it doesnt fall. 3. Put in 5ml of tap water in the test tube with the graduated cylinder. 4. Connect the Bunsen burner to the gas tap. 5. Light up the Bunsen burner with the matchstick and fix it into red flame so it is visible. 6. Place the Bunsen burner far away from the support stand where it will not affect the temperature of water in the test tube. 7. Carefully stick in 1cm of the needle in to the cork. 8. Stick on one food sample on the needle. 9. Place the thermometer in the test tube and record the temperature. 10. Fix the flame to blue flame, which is the hotter flame. 11. Hold the cork with the food sample on top of the Bunsen burner so it the sample catches on fire. 12. When the sample catches on fire, quickly hold the cork right beneath the test tube and make sure the flame is touching the glass. Also, start the stopwatch when the flame is under the test tube. 13. Look closely at the thermometer and when the flame goes out, stop the stopwatch and record the temperature exactly when the stopwatch stopped. 14. Weigh the food sample and record if there is any difference in mass from the beginning and now. 15. Repeat these at least 3 times for each food sample to obtain accurate results. 16. Calculate the heat with the formula provided in background theory. Results This is the result that I have got from my group. Capacity of water: 5ml
Used mass (grams) Seaweed Lays Chips T1 Seaweed Lays Chips T2 0.1 Energy (joules) First temperature (Celsius) 25 After temperature (Celsius) 26 Temperature change Time (sec)

21

0.2

378

27

45

18

15

Mun 3

Seaweed Lays Chips T3 White Peanut T1 White Peanut T2 White Peanut T3 White Peanut T4 White Peanut T5

0.2

252

27

39

12

0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6

777 588 357 546 273

26 22 23 24 27

63 50 40 50 40

37 28 17 26 13

73 41 23 34 38

These are the averages of mass, energy and power of all the groups food samples. Capacity: 5ml (except krupuk with 10ml) Groups Chips 1 Chips 2 Wh Peanut 1 Wh Peanut 2 Wh Peanut 3 Br Peanut 1 Krupuk 1 Average Mass (grams) 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.7 Average Energy (joules) 791 217 609 1295 508.2 2366 215 Average Power (j/sec) 11.5 1.5 14.8 55 15.5 44.7 10.6 Temperature change 37.7 10.3 36.7 12.3 24.2 36.3 16

Mun 4

Data Analysis When you look at the first graph you can see that the white peanut contained greatest amount of energy according to our groups results. In other two graphs, both of them showed that Krupuk contained least amount of energy and power but with greatest mass. Out of all the food samples of all the groups, brown peanut had the most energy. Conclusion The results were very different from my prediction, which was that the energy would increase as the mass used increases. When you look at the table and the graph, the energy does not depend on mass. For example, the white peanut with an average of 0.2g

Mun 5 contains an average of 1295 joules. Another white peanut with an average of 0.5g contains an average of 609 joules. So I can say that the mass does not affect the energy. Evaluation To improve this lab, I will do more trials for each food and redo if the result does not fit in with other ones. I will make sure that all the food had exact same procedure so there is not much error. We did not have enough time to do many trials and I think the air conditioner that was above our lab, affected our results. We got one result that we didnt expect which were the chips. The temperature change was only 1 and the energy was 21 joules. Compared to two other results with 18 and 12 degrees of temperature change and energy of 378 and 252, the first trial did not fit. I think this happened because the food was too low from the test tube and the flame was not touching the test tube. For students who do this experiment, I suggest them to make sure that they do exact same procedure for all the food samples.