BIOL 1406 Discussion Questions: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

1. Dra la!eled dia"ra#s s$o in" t$e 10 sta"es of meiosis for a diploid cell $ere %&'6. (se ) different s$a*es to re*resent t$e different c$ro#oso#es in eac$ set+ and use % different colors to re*resent t$e % sets of c$ro#oso#es. Ma,e sure you s$o t$e nu#!er+ s$a*e+ color and location of t$e c$ro#oso#es at eac$ sta"e of di-ision. .e#e#!er+ in so#e sta"es t$e c$ro#oso#es ill !e du*licated and in so#e sta"es t$ey ill not !e du*licated. /lso include t$e s*indle a**aratus and nuclear #e#!rane $en a**ro*riate. %. Dia"ra# and descri!e t$e ty*ical ani#al life cycle. Be sure to indicate $ic$ sta"es are $a*loid and $ic$ are di*loid. /lso indicate $ere #itosis occurs+ $ere #eiosis occurs+ and $ere fertili0ation occurs. ). Dia"ra# and descri!e t$e eu,aryotic life cycle $ere a #ulticellular $a*loid "eneration alternates it$ a #ulticellular di*loid "eneration 1alternation of "enerations2. Be sure to indicate $ic$ sta"es are $a*loid and $ic$ are di*loid. /lso indicate $ere #itosis occurs+ $ere #eiosis occurs+ and $ere fertili0ation occurs. Identify and descri!e at least ) ays #eiosis differs fro# #itosis. Descri!e t$e *rocesses of inde*endent assort#ent and crossin" o-er+ and ex*lain t$eir !iolo"ical si"nificance.

4. 3.

6. Descri!e t$e e-olutionary si"nificance of sexual re*roduction. 4. Six centro#eres are o!ser-ed in a *ro*$ase I cell fro# anot$er s*ecies of insect.
a. 5o #any *airs of c$ro#oso#es does t$is or"anis# contain6 b. For each stage of meiosis, indicate the number of centromeres you would expect to find and the number of copies of chromosomes attached to each centromere. Sta"e of #eiosis: /na*$ase I 7ro*$ase II &u#!er of centro#eres -isi!le &u#!er of c$ro#oso#e co*ies attac$ed to eac$ centro#ere

8.Meiosis I is so#eti#es called a reduction di-ision9 #eiosis II is so#eti#es called an e:uational di-ision. ;$y6 <. Meiosis results in a reassort#ent of #aternal and *aternal c$ro#oso#es. If n ) for a "i-en or"anis#+ t$ere are 8 different co#!inations of *aternal and #aternal c$ro#oso#es. If no crossin" o-er occurs+ $at is t$e *ro!a!ility t$at a "a#ete ill recei-e only *aternal c$ro#oso#es6 10. /ssu#e you are a #icrosco*ist -ie in" fruit fly cells t$at are under"oin" #itosis. Dra circles to re*resent t$e cell #e#!rane for eac$ sta"e of #itosis. In eac$ of t$e circles 1cell #e#!ranes2+ dra $at you ould ex*ect to see if you ere loo,in" at a cell in t$e sta"e of #eiosis. 11. TABLE: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
Inter*$ase Mitosis 7ro*$ase Meta*$ase /na*$ase =elo*$ase > cyto,inesis

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

1%. TABLE: Mitosis vs. Meiosis Inter*$ase Mitosis? Meiosis Si#ilarities 7ro*$ase Meta*$ase /na*$ase =elo*$ase

Mitosis?Meiosis Differences

13.If the amount of DNA in a somatic cell equals 4 picograms during G1 of interphase, then how much DNA is present in the cell during each phase of mitosis and meiosis?

/#ount of D&/ in:

Inter*$ase

7ro*$ase

Meta*$ase

/na*$ase

=elo*$ase

Mitosis

Meiosis I

Meiosis II . 14.How do the similarities in prophase of mitosis and meiosis compare with the similarities in telophase of mitosis and meiosis? 15. At what stage(s) does/do most of the differences among mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II occur? Why do these differences exist? 16. =$e D&/ content of a di*loid cell in t$e @1 *$ase of t$e cell cycle is #easured. If t$e D&/ content is x+ t$en t$e D&/ content of t$e sa#e cell at #eta*$ase of #eiosis I ould !e AAAAAAAA. 14. =$e D&/ content of a di*loid cell in t$e @1 *$ase of t$e cell cycle is #easured. If t$e D&/ content is x+ t$en t$e D&/ content at #eta*$ase of #eiosis II ould !e AAAAAAA.

18. ;$ic$ of t$e follo in" ould not !e considered a $a*loid cell6 a2dau"$ter cell after #eiosis II !2"a#ete c2dau"$ter cell after #itosis in "a#eto*$yte "eneration of a *lant d2cell in *ro*$ase I e2cell in *ro*$ase II 1<. / cell in @% !efore #eiosis co#*ared it$ one of t$e four cells *roduced !y t$at #eiotic di-ision $as a2t ice as #uc$ D&/ and t ice as #any c$ro#oso#es. !2four ti#es as #uc$ D&/ and t ice as #any c$ro#oso#es. c2four ti#es as #uc$ D&/ and four ti#es as #any c$ro#oso#es. d2$alf as #uc$ D&/ !ut t$e sa#e nu#!er of c$ro#oso#es. e2$alf as #uc$ D&/ and $alf as #any c$ro#oso#es.

%0. =$e follo in" dia"ra#s s$o a di*loid cell it$ % c$ro#oso#es+ 1 and %. =$e c$ro#oso#e deri-ed fro# t$e #ot$er is denoted B#B+ and t$e c$ro#oso#e deri-ed fro# t$e fat$er is denoted BdB. a2 =$e *icture !elo s$o s t$e end of #itosis?#eiosis I?#eosis II. 1Circle one.2

!2 =$e *icture !elo s$o s t$e end of #itosis?#eiosis I?#eosis II. 1Circle one.2

c2 =$e *icture !elo s$o s t$e end of #itosis?#eiosis I?#eosis II. 1Circle one.2

d.2In $ic$ sta"e of #itosis or #eiosis does #ost of t$e reco#!ination occur6 Cx*lain $y
=$is #aterial as created !y or ada*ted fro# #aterial created !y MI= faculty #e#!ers+ 7rofessor 5a0el Si-e+ 7rofessor =yler Dac,s+ Dr. Claudette @ardel+ Introductory Biolo"y+ %004. Co*yri"$t E 1Fear2 7rofessor 5a0el Si-e+ 7rofessor =yler Dac,s+ Dr. Claudette @ardel.