CST MICROWAVE STUDIO

Ben-Gurion University. Course Antennas and Radiation.

Berezin Maksim

Advanced Ports

Ports for S-parameter computation

Discrete Ports (lumped element)

Waveguide Ports (2D eigenmode solver)

Input:

Knowledge of TEM-Mode Line Impedance Voltage and Current

Input: Output:

Area for eigenmode solution E and H-Pattern, Line Impedance, Prop.constant (beta+alpha)

Output:

Multipin ports

Quasi-TEM

Open

TEM
in p i t ul rt o P

Closed

TEM

Quasi-TEM

Wave Guide

Inhomogeneous Wave Guide

Waveguide multipin ports

TEM Modes (H-field) from Eigenmode solver

User-selected TEM Modes

Advanced Meshing

Mesh Settings Overview

Time Domain (TD)

Hexahedral

Frequency Domain (FD)

1)Hexahedral 2)Tetrahedral

Hexahedral Mesh Properties

Maximum step width of the mesh Lines per wavelength: This value is connected to the wavelength of the highest frequency set for the simulation. It defines the minimum number of mesh lines in each coordinate direction that are used for a distance equal to this wavelength. In a way, it sets the spatial sampling rate for the signals inside of your structure. Lower mesh limit: it defines a maximum distance between two mesh lines for the mesh, by dividing the smallest face diagonal of the bounding box of the calculation domain by this number. Mesh line ratio limit: The calculation time is highly dependent on the chosen mesh. Not only is the absolute number of mesh cells used relevant, but also the distance between two mesh lines. The smallest distance existing in a mesh directly influences the width of the time steps usable in the simulation. The smaller the smallest distance, the smaller the time step. And the smaller the time step, the longer it takes to simulate a period of the electromagnetic fields.

Smallest mesh step: Defines the absolute smallest mesh step used

Mesh Type

Automatic choice of mesh type: FPBA for complex structures, imported models otherwise: PBA

Control of mesh equilibration

Density and Fixpoints

A density point (yellow) acts as a control point where the mesh density may change. The automatic mesh generation uses these points to refine the mesh within important regions.

Whenever the automatic mesh generation finds it necessary to locate a mesh node at a particular position it will mark this with a fixpoint (red).

Local Mesh Properties

Right mouse-button
Priority: Mesher puts more emphasis on objects with higher priority. Also, materials with priority other than zero will displace voxel data Maximum mesh step width Dx/Dy/Dz: For structure elements of high importance for the simulation a maximum step width for every coordinate direction can be specified. Extend x/y/z range by: Use this setting to extend the maximum step width outside the bounding box of this structure element by the range given.

Max mesh step width = 1

Max mesh step width = 0.2

Example: Spiral with phone and head

Here: Subgridding reduces number of cells by factor > 13 computing time by factor 10

No Subgridding
1987440 Meshcells Meshing: 294 s + Solver: 14322 s Total: 14616 s

Subgridding
148922 Meshcells Meshing: 607 s + Solver: 816 s Total: 1423 s

Example: Spiral only

NO SUBGRID

SUBGRID

Mesh Settings Overview

Time Domain (TD)

Hexahedral

Frequency Domain (FD)

1)Hexahedral 2)Tetrahedral

General Settings
Steps per wavelength: This value is connected to the wavelength of the highest frequency set for the simulation. It defines the minimum number of mesh cells that are used for a distance equal to this wavelength.

Minimum number of steps: This value controls the global relative mesh size and defines a lower bound for the number of mesh cells independently of the wavelength. It specifies the minimum number of mesh edges to be used for the diagonal of the model bounding box. Consequently, the higher this value, the finer the mesh.

Important Parameter for TET Mesh generation

30 100

Tet-FD: Mesh Refinement

Multi-frequency adaptive mesh refinement
sequentially processed adaptation frequency samples before the broadband sweep example: diplexer

CST MWS SAR Modeling

Human Body + SAR-Examples

Head with Mobile Phone

Influence of car and head

SAR with Spherical Phantom Model Arbitrary voxel import

Visible Human Data Import + SAR-calculation

Data is available in several resolutions.

EMI of Human Head

Meshing on head
Mesh View Perfect Boundary Approximation enables the mesh to allow mixed cells in non-uniform orthogonal mesh, having two different materials in same cell.

Head with Mobile Phone

Field for different Phone Positions

Phone in horizontal position

Phone in vertical position

CST 2008 Feature

Postprocessing Specials

Macros

Broadband Farfield monitors Farfield Broadband Farfield Monitors

Thermal Solver in CST EM STUDIO

Stationary current field Thermal losses caused by electric currents can be used as a driving source for a thermal problem (LF and Stationary currents)

Temperature distribution

Simulation coupled with CST MWS