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m = udA,
A
M
.
= u
2
dA.
A
=
u
2
2
2
+ gz
2
+
p
2
A related form is also available if there are significant work and frictional
effectsespecially useful for pumping and piping problems. Eqn. (1) can also
be divided through by g, so each term has units of length, called either the
velocity, hydrostatic, or pressure head,with H being the constant total head.
u
1
2
2g
+ z
1
+
p
1
g
= H =
u
2
2
2g
+ z
2
+
p
2
g
(1)
(2)
Dynamics of a
distillation
column
Whats the
connection
between
this photo
and the
dynamics
of a plate
distillation
column?
End of Part I
Questions?
Part II
Microscopic Fluid Mechanics
Representative Computational Fluid
Mechanics (CFD) Software
(Usually based on the finite-element, finite-
difference, or finite-volume methods)
Adina
Ansys
COMSOL
Flow-3D
Fluent
FlowLab
FloTHERM
OpenFOAM
OpenFLOWER
Etc.
For a good overview, see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics
Screw Extruder for Increasing the
Pressure of a Polymer Before a Die
r
Axis of
rotation
Metering section
Feed hopper
Barrel
Flights
Exit
to die
Screw
Primary feed
heating region
W
L
0
Compression
section
Motion of Barrel as Seen by an Observer
on ScrewCouette (Relative Motion) +
Poiseuille (Pressure-Driven) Flow
x
W
h
Flight axis
Flight
Screw
Barrel
V
x
V
y
V
Flight
z
y
Cross Section between Barrel
(Moving Left) and Screw (Fixed)
p =0
z
x
y =0
x =0
2
4
No slip
x =0.1
y =0.005
1
3 No slip No slip
=800
=500
V
x
= - 0.1
A
B
1
2
3
4
Barrel
Screw
Plots: Arrows, Streamlines, Isobars
Horace Lamb (18491934)
(to the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, 1932)
I am an old man now, and when I die and go
to heaven there are two matters on which I
hope for enlightenment. One is quantum
electrodynamics, and the other is the turbulent
motion of fluids. And about the former I am
rather optimistic.
Arrows and Streamlines for Turbulent
J ets
Turbulent Kinematic Viscosity
T
Turbulent Kinetic Energy k
Flow of a shear-thinning polymer in a die
(a) Extrusion from a pipe forming a tube
(b) Rotation, also
exploiting symmetry
Velocities
A B
A
B
x
+
+
+
+
Stern
layer
Potential
(negative)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-potential (negative)
Diffuse layer
x = 0
y
Solid
surface
E
y
= 0
+
Electric Double Layer
=
dV
dy
x
-potential
The electric potential rises to
zero over a very thin electric
double layer next to the wall
Debye length,
D
0
v
y
v
y
=
y
E
x
Velocity
Profile
Electric
Potential
The velocity changes quickly
from zero at the wall to a
constant value everywhere else
0
(constant)
Electroosmosis (Multiphysics problem:
Navier-Stokes + Conductive Media DC )
Channel Geometry
H =0.00005, L =0.0005 m, = 0.1 V
Finite-element Mesh
y
x
y =0
x =0
2
x =L
y =H
1
3
4
A
B C
D
Electric insulation
Electric insulation
1 V
0 V
Velocity Vectors (Arrow Plot)
Streamlines
Electroosmotic Switching1
Electroosmotic Switching2
End of Part II
Questions?
Postscript
Whats the
connection
between this
Memphis juke
box and fluid
mechanics?
Thanks for
your attention!