CN5131 OUTLINE Notes 1: Introduction Colloidal systems Classification of colloidal systems Colloids and Surfaces Notes 2: Properties, Preparation

& Characterization of Colloids Important Properties of Colloids Brownian motion The diffusion equation of a particle Sedimentation and sedimentation equilibrium Li ht scatterin Tyndall effect Rayleigh scattering Preparation of Colloids The dispersion method! The condensation method! The La "er dia ram The sol# el method Characterization Techniques for Colloids and Surfaces $lectron microscope Scannin electron microscopy %S$"& Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis Transmission electron microscope %T$"& 'tomic force microscopy %'("& )#ray methods X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 'u er electron spectrometer %'$S& Li ht scatterin technique $lectro*inetic methods Zeta potential! Electrophoresis Electroosmosis Streaming potential Sedimentation potential %+& ,etermination of surface char e -& ,etermination of pI %.& $stimation of colloidal stability Notes 3: Surface Tension, Contact 'n le, and /ettin Beha0ior Surface Tension "olecular ori in of surface tension at the liquid surface Surface tension and surface free ener y Surface thermodynamics The Gibbs s r!ace Temperature dependence of surface tension Consequences of Surface Tension +1 Pressure difference across a cur0ed surface $2tension of 3oun #Laplace equation to any cur0ed surfaces The 3oun #Laplace equation

-1 Capillary phenomenon .1 4apor pressure difference 51 Lar e droplets row at the e2pense of small ones 61 Lar er particles row at the e2pense of smaller ones 7 8stwald 9ipenin :1 Irre0ersibility of as adsorption & desorption in a capillary Contact 'n le The 3oun equation The wettability Surface Tension "easurement The capillary rise method The du ;o<y rin method The /ilhelmy plate method /ettin Beha0ior at Liquid#Solid Interface =ydrophobicity>superhydrophobicity>hydrophilicity Superoleophobic surfaces /ettin of a rou h surface The "en#el e$ ation model The Cassie and Ba2ter %CB& equation The lotus effect Cohesion and 'dhesion Cohesion 'dhesion

Notes 4: 'dsorption at Interfaces (undamentals of 'dsorption (orces of adsorption at solid interface Types of adsorption Physisorption Chemisorption Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption 'dsorption mechanics 'dsorption *inetics 9ate of desorption 'dsorption equilibrium $nthalpy of adsorption heat 'dsorption Isotherm Types of adsorption isotherm $2perimental measurement of adsorption isotherm 4olumetric method ?ra0imetric method 'dsorption isotherm, isobar, and isostere 'dsorption isotherms and isobars 'dsorption isosteres and isosteric heat of adsorption "odellin adsorption isotherms The Lan muir model ,eri0ation from *inetics Two e2tremes of the Lan muir

isotherm Isosteric heat of adsorption The Lan muir constants % and &m The (reundlich isotherm The B$T model Determination o! s r!ace area sing the 'ET model ,esorption Isotherm and =ysteresis Interpretin hysteresis usin @el0in equation ,etermination of pore size based on the hysteresis phenomenon Pore size distribution The BA= method 'pplications of ?as 'dsorption on Solid 'lumina Silica el Beolites 'cti0ated carbons %'Cs& 'bout fi2ed#bed adsorption Brea*throu h cur0e 'dsorption at Solid#Liquid Interface 'dsorption characteristics (actors influencin adsorption at solid#liquid interface "odelin of adsorption *inetics Pseudo#first#order %P(8& model Pseudo#second#order %PS8& model "odelin of equilibrium The Lan muir model Important applications Purification of liquids 'dsorption at Liquid#?as Interface The ?ibbs adsorption isotherm Surface films on liquid substrates Notes 5: Chemisorption & =etero eneous Catalysis 'bout Catalyst and Catalysis Importance of catalysis =ow a catalyst wor*sC Types of catalysts and catalytic reactions ?eneral 9equirements for a ?ood Catalyst "a*e#up of a Solid Catalyst Some Common Solid Support "aterials Preparation of solid catalysts Industrial catalysis Shapes of industrial catalysts ,iffusion of ?as in a Solid Catalyst ,iffusion in a porous catalyst Types of diffusion (ic*Ds diffusion law Steps of ?as 9eaction on a Solid Catalyst 9e imes and steps Intrinsic *inetics of hetero eneous catalysis Lan muir#=inshelwood *inetics - nimolec lar s r!ace reactions @inetics of catalytic reactions in a porous catalyst

Particle effecti0eness factor E $2tension of Es $2amples of Industrial Catalysis +1 Three#way catalytic con0erter 8il refinin and processin 8ctane number 9&, in Catalysis ;anocatalysis Shape#selecti0e catalysis Biomimetics, synthetic enzymes Catalytic production of biofuels from biomass $n0ironmentally friendly solid catalysts Photocatalysis for purification of air and water $lectrocatalysis and fuel cells

C;6+.+ The obFecti0e of the course is to introduce fundamental concepts of describin and interpretin interfacial phenomena and to discuss important applications in selected technolo ical areas1 The course be ins with the *ey theories such as surface tension, contact an le, 3oun #Laplace equation, and @el0in equation, followed by the thermodynamics of surfaces, forces that o0ern interfacial interactions, adsorption at 0arious interfaces, colloidal systems, self assembly system, and surfactants1 In0esti ati0e techniques for analyses of interfacial and colloidal systems are presented to demonstrate the application of the concepts1 Students who are interested in physicochemical e0ents at interface and in colloidal systems are stron ly encoura ed to study this module1 Bac* round in physical chemistry, thermodynamics, transport phenomena, en ineerin mathematics, and materials science and en ineerin will be beneficial1 lectures home assi nments term papers mid#term e2am final e2am Colloidal science and applications Surfactants and micellization Surface tension and its consequences %surface free ener y, capillary, wettin beha0iors, 3oun equation, 3oun #Laplace equation, @el0in equation& (undamentals of surface thermodynamics 'dsorption at interfaces %surface e2cess, ?ibbs isotherm, Lan muir & B$T equations& Chemisorption $mulsions and Interparticle Stability of and hetero eneous catalysis micro#emulsions forces and colloidal interactions colloidal systems %Schulze#=ardy rule, critical coa ulation

concentration, ,L48 theory& Properties of electrically char ed interfaces>$,L >Beta potential In0esti ati0e techniques %tensiometers for surface tension, microscopy techniques for surface analysis, li ht scatterin methods for analysis, measurement of surface char e and zeta potential, etc& particle

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nanoparticles and nanostructured materials, self assembly, template strate ies for functional materials and thin films, nanolitho raphy>"$"S, microfluidics and lab#on#a#chip de0ices, self assembly approaches to bioarrays and biosensors, microstructures with photonic and electronic functionalities&1 . G G G H lecture hours per wee*1 tutorial hours per wee*1 lab hours per wee*1 hours for proFects, assi nments, fieldwor* etc per wee*1 hours for preparatory wor* by a student per wee*1 =unter 91 A1 (ntrod ction to )odern *olloid Science, 82ford, +II.1