Madina Arabic: Book 2: Class Notes

ARIC Arabic Class Notes
Part 6 (ver. 11)
Topics

Interrogative Or
Having or Possessing
He/It is not

Comparative & Superlative degrees
Numbers 11 20
The Verbal Sentence
Present and Future Tense Verb

Moods of Verbs
Imperative Verb
Visit www.AbdurRahman.org for more resource
Revision History
Date
Ver Author
Revision Comments
Aug. 8, 2010
Zahid Naeem
Initial version.
Aug. 14, 2010
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for Interrogative Or and
Aug. 28, 2010 3
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for and
Sep. 26, 2010
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for numbers 11-20 and the verbal sentence
Nov. 13, 2010
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for Present Tense Verb -
Jan. 8, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for Moods of Verbs
Jan. 16, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added a slide for Present tense moods + minor corrections
Jan. 22, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for Imperative Verb
Jan. 29, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Updated slides for Imperative Verb
Feb. 26, 2011
10
Zahid Naeem
Updated slides for Present Tense Verb -
Apr. 30, 2011
11
Zahid Naeem
Updated slides for Present Tense Moods
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com
ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)
Particle of Emphasis and Accusative Case )

(
has many meanings, e.g. indeed, verily, truly, surely,

It is only used in a nominal sentence (
)
It is a particle of emphasis
It makes the subject (
) of the sentence accusative (

)
The analysis of the nominal sentence changes as follows, when it

contains

new
The book
new
The book
Indeed
) ( with Attached Pronouns
) is ( The pronoun
always
when it is
attached to
Indeed he
doctor
Same analysis
applies to all
Please note the two

different variations for
these two pronouns
)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11
Sisters of (
)
The following words are called Sisters of because grammatically
they act like , i.e. they make the noun following them

easy
The examination
I hope
Interrogative Or
means or and is used in an interrogative sentence.
Is this a masjid or a house?
Are you from Germany or France?
This construction requires that nothing comes between and the first
choice and between and the second choice
Choice 2
Choice 1

In a non-interrogative sentence, is used for or
I heard the teacher or the principal
Examples from Quran ... ...

As to those who reject Faith, it is the
same to them whether thou warn
them or do not warn them; they will
not believe. (2:6)
Have they feet to walk with? Or hands
to lay hold with? Or eyes to see with?
Or ears to hear with? Say: "Call your
'god-partners', scheme (your worst)
against me, and give me no respite!
(7:195)
Say: "Is that best, or the eternal

garden, promised to the righteous? for
them, that is a reward as well as a goal
(of attainment). (25:15)
Did you mislead these, My servants, or
did they [themselves] stray from the
way? (25:17)

:

: ...

:

...
:
He/It is not
is verb
It is an incomplete verb (
complete meaning.
) , because it does not convey the
It requires a predicate ( )to complete its meaning.

It is used in a sentence as follows
new
new
The book
not
The book

new
OR
The book
not
usually takes a , but it can also be without one. In the latter

case, the will be
.
The
Conjugation for
Suffix
, the Starting with
gets a
+
Since
, already had

this results in
(the
meeting of the two sukun).
This is not permissible in
is Arabic, so the week letter
dropped
group This applies to the

More on
I
I not
doctor
The book
10
not
I not
doctor
new
not
The book
new
Examples from Quran
Is not the morning near? (11:81)

Is not Allah most knowing of what is
within the breasts of all creatures?

...
...
:
(29:10)
Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to

the dead? (75:40)
O wives of the Prophet! you are not
like any other of the women; (33:32)
You are not a watcher over them (88:22)
...
:
...
:
11
Having or Possessing

Hamid
has
(a) beard
These
Aisha
(is a) student
having
(are) doctors
knowledge
12
, so the word following it is is always

form, we will learn the is

and
forms later,
Those
having
wealth
)students (fem.

possess
abundant
manners
Examples from Quran

and Allah is the possessor of great
bounty (2:105)
And thy Lord is the Forgiver, Owner of
mercy (18:58)
The people of Noah denied before
them, and [the tribe of] 'Aad and
Pharaoh, the owner of stakes (38:12)
Therein is fruit and palm trees having
sheaths [of dates] (55:11)
And there will remain the Face of your
Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor.
(55:27)
...
: ...

:

:

13

Comparative & Superlative degrees

Both comparative and superlative degrees in Arabic use the same word,
which is on the pattern of ( Diptote). It is the same for masculine,
feminine, singular and plural.
Adjective
Comparative
Taller
Beautiful
Good
Better
Tall
Small
Smaller
More
beautiful
is followed by , the
If
latter will be translated as than,
e.g. ( Hamid is taller
than Bilal)
Superlative
Tallest
Best

If
Smallest
Most
beautiful
is followed by a noun in
genitive case (
), than is to be
translated as superlative degree, e.g.
( Hamid is the
tallest student in the class)
14

Examples from Quran
And he had fruit, so he said to his
companion while he was conversing
with him, "I am greater than you in
wealth and mightier in [numbers of]
men. (18:34)
Indeed in that is a sign, but most of
them were not to be believers (26:8)
The creation of the heavens and earth
is greater than the creation of
mankind, but most of the people do
not know. (40:57)
You will surely find the most intense of
the people in animosity toward the
believers [to be] the Jews (5:82)

:

: ...
15
Numbers 11 19
16
(compound word), is a The

made up of two parts
Both parts of the compound word are
(indeclinable).
. and o Exception to this rule are
In genetive and accusative cases,
. and they become
Part 1
Part 2
is always singular and The

mansub. This is called
Gender for Numbers 11 19

Numbers 11 - 12
17
Part 2 Part 1
Part 2 Part 1
Both parts of the compound word agree

with the gender of the
Numbers 13 - 19
Part 2 Part 1
Part 2 Part 1
Part 1 of the compound word is opposite

in gender than that of the
Part 2 agrees with the gender of the
Twenty/Twenty - 20/20
The is on the same pattern as

sound masculine plural (
e.g.
) ,
It has the same form for both

masculine and feminine .
The is always singular and

mansub, i.e. it is
. This is true for
from numbers 11 to 99.

18
The Verbal Sentence
Starts with a verb

Contain
Starts with a noun
and
the call to prayer
Hamid
Contains and
Heard
(is) a student
Hamid
is always
is always

19
The Subject
is hidden in these two
The
She went
He went
forms of past tense verb

You went
For the other 12 pronouns,

suffixes are added to the to
. For a complete
denote the
list of all suffixes, see next page.
A separate noun in form,
following the , denotes the
. In this case, the hidden is

overridden by the explicit
Maryam
went
Hamid
went

20
Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb

He
)They (2
)They (>2
She
)They (2
)They (>2
You
)You (2
)You (>2
You
)You (2
)You (>2
I
We
21
They left
)They (>2
The Object
, is not required by certain type of verbs,
called Intransitive Verb ()
Other examples of such verbs include,
A verb which does require a
Hamid went
, is called a Transitive Verb ()
Most verbs fall in this category
A separate noun in
form, following the
, denotes .
attached to the denotes

A
as a pronoun.
Hamid asked Bilal
Hamid asked him

22
vs.
When attached
to a verb,
always denote
23
The part
highlighted in
red, always

denote
?Who asked who

Hamid asked him
He asked Hamid
24
He asked him
Hamid asked you
You asked Hamid
You asked them
Hamid asked me
I asked Hamid
I asked you

Present & Future Tense Verb

25
Past Tense Verb
Present & Future Tense Verb
He went
He is going or He will go

is derived from
contains both present and future
tense. Optionally a particle of future can be
prefixed to make it future tense only. We will
learn that later.
Categories of 3 letter verb

All three letter verbs are categorized
by how the vowel sign on the in
changes in as listed below.
Type *
) (
) (
) (
* Additional types are shows on the next slide
The on the
in always
changes to in
The on the
in always
in
changes to
26
Categories of 3 letter verb

27
Type
( )
( )
( )
Moods of Verbs

The Past Tense Verb is fixed
The Present Tense Verb is declinable

(It has three kinds of moods)

)) (
) (
)
)) (
1. Nominative
2. Accusative
3. Majzum
Note, it is
not

28

29
on is always

. the vowel sign on the
Anatomy of the Present Tense Verb

30
in Sometimes
these two cases is
not hidden. Well
learn this later,
inshaAllah
in Notice the
these two cases is
not

( Three Moods of
)

31
1
) (5 in your pocket
X 2
1

2

1
2
2
) goes comes(
X 3
2

2
2

(mabni) 3
2

3
1

1
( Three Moods of
)

32
Imperative Verb
Go
He is going /
He will go
He went
) signifies a command or a request

It is derived from
is only used for 2nd person ()
Imperative Verb (
To command or request 3rd person or 1st person plural,

used. We will learn it later, insha Allah.
is
33
How to Construct

Start with the appropriate second person
Remove the

Make the verb . Keep in mind the 3 categories

1) 5 in your pocket, 2)
comes goes, 3)
The resulting word cannot be pronounced as it starts

.
with a
to the verb. The

vowel sign on the is determined based on the
vowel sign of the , as follows.
To overcome this, prefix a
2
3

34
Examples of
35

36
Conjugation of
is only used for

( 2nd person
)

ARIC Arabic Class Notes

Part 7
Topics
Uses of
The Verbal Noun
The Interpreted Original
Negation in Verbs Part 1

Moods for
Weak Letter Verb
Revision History
Date
Ver Author
Revision Comments
Mar. 20, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Initial version.
Apr. 2, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for negation in verbs and moods for
Apr. 30, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added weak letter verb
May 15, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added additional slides for weak letter verb
May 28, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added additional slides for weak letter verb
Jun. 11, 2011
Zahid Naeem
Added slides for weak letter verb analysis and
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com
Uses of
Used for negation in
nominal as well as verbal
sentences
Means what for the

purpose of asking a
question
Means what or that

which as a conjunctive
noun
There are other uses of


Negative

Interrogative

Relative
, which will be described later, inshaAllah
Examples from Quran

Your Lord has not taken leave
of you, [O Muhammad], nor
has He detested [you]. (93:3)
And the Qur'an is not the word
of a devil, expelled [from the
heavens]. (81:25)
"What has brought you into
hell-fire?" (74:42)
:
:
What is [the matter] with you

that you do not attribute to
Allah [due] grandeur. (71:13)
A soul will [then] know what it

has brought [with it] (81:14)
O you who have believed, why

do you say what you do not
do? (61:2)
The Verbal Noun

1 The action
An Arabic verb contains three pieces of

information
1. The action
2. The actor
3. The time (past, present or future)
He Entered -
2 The actor
The verbal noun ( )is a noun which

originates from the verb. It contains the action
but has no actor or time information.
Since it is a noun:
It declines like a noun
It gets the tanwin, when it is indefinite
It gets the definite article , when it is definite
3 The time
1 The action
Entry -
The actor
The time
It is also called the Original, the Infinitive or

the Gerund
Sometimes there are multiple verbal nouns for
a given verb
More on The Verbal Noun

For three letter verbs, there is no single pattern to create a verbal noun
from a verb. Here are some examples
The Interpreted Original

I want to go

is a compound structure,
containing followed by a
can be used instead of . So the above sentence can

also be written as:
I want to go
Examples of
We want to go
I forgot to write my homework
I request that you allow me to leave
I want that you sit, O brothers
I request that you wash my
handkerchief, O Zainab
I request that you memorize Surat-arRahmaan, O my daughters

I want that you go to your room, O
Hamid and Aba Bakr
Negation in Verbs Part 1

To negate an action in the past
I did not go to the market
To negate an action for present time only
We are not listening to the news (right now)
To negate an action in continuum
We do not listen to the news
Command/request to not do something
Do not sit here
To negate an action in future
I will not go to the market tomorrow


)(

)(

)(

)(
) ( Three Moods of
( )
10
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
( )

Category

(5 in your
pocket) 1

comes(
goes) 2

(mabni) 3
Moods for

11
Moods for

12

Moods for

()

()

13

Moods for

14

Moods for

15

Moods for

16

Moods for

17

Moods for

()

18

()
Moods for

19

( The Verb with One Weak Letter
()
( )
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()

These do not undergo

any change
20
(Original) Changed
These undergo various

changes, as described in the
next sections
Understanding Changes in
Explanation of how the following pages

describe the changes in weak letter verbs
5
1 3

Number label represent a certain change

that
the verb
has
undergone.
change This

is then described by the same number
label
on
the left
hand
side
2 4

attached that
Indicates
to the verb is

Small circle with the same color as the numbered

the verb
has
undergone
the same
change

label, shows
21
, the
is changed to get a
, the For verbs NOT in
,
Indicates
is changed
to get a
For verbs in
resulting in weak letter

to be dropped

Original
Changed
6

5
No
is needed

is not because
( )

22
Ex: ( )
* Changes in

No
is needed because
is not
2
* These changes are for
does only. Its counterpart

not undergo any change.
( ) Ex: (

23
1 3

2 4
) Changes in

is , the
changed to get a
is changed to get a
For verbs in

4
+

5

6

No
is needed because
is not
( ) Ex: (

24
3

4

) Changes in

is , the
changed to get a
is changed to get a
For verbs in

4

5

6

No
is needed because
is not
( ) Ex: (

25
) Changes in

is , the
changed to get a
is changed to get a
For verbs in
No
is needed because
is not
1 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

26
1
2
3
4
5

6
) Changes in
reappears
The original
is dropped
The original
is dropped
4
5
on the The
++
is dropped
The original
7 8 9
See next page
2 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

27
1
2
3
4
5

6
) Changes in
1 2 3 4 5 6
See previous page
++
The original
is dropped
Cannot have
, so it followed by
is changed to
The
is dropped to make the
verb
The
verb
1 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

28
1
2
3
4
) Changes in
reappears
The original
is dropped
The original
is dropped on the The

6

++

Cannot have
The original

, so it is dropped followed by
is changed to
7 8 9
See next page
2 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

29
1
2
3
4
) Changes in
1 2 3 4 5 6
See previous page
++
is dropped
The original
The
verb
The
verb
1 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
) Changes in
reappears
10
The original
on the The
is dropped
The original
is dropped
is The
changed to
+ +
reappears
The original
7 8 9 10
See next page
2 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
) Changes in
1 2 3 4 5 6
See previous page
++
is dropped
The
. does not get
10
The
The
verb
10
The
verb
1 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

32
2
3
4
) Changes in
is not Notice the original weak letter,
. has
, when the changed to
+
is The
dropped
Cannot have
, so it is followed by
changed to
on the The
is dropped
is The
changed to
+ +
reappears
The original
++
is dropped
The
5 6 7
See next page
2 of 2 ( ) Ex: (

33
2
3
4
) Changes in
1 2 3 4
See previous page
does not get
The
The
verb
The
verb
vs. Regular Verbs Analysis of

Regular
34
) ( Three Moods of

35
Moods for
36
Moods for

37

Moods for

()

38

()
Moods for

39


40
( ) Ex: Changes in
The vowel
sign on
is dropped
and The
combine
to make
gets the vowel

which sign from
is dropped from
and The
combine
to make
Since both letters are strong, the
to remove gets a
Since both letters are strong, the
to remove gets a

Madina Arabic: Book 2: Class Notes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Madina Arabic: Book 2: Class Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ARIC Arabic Class Notes

Part 6 (ver. 11)

Present and Future Tense Verb

Aug. 14, 2010

Added slides for Interrogative Or and

Aug. 28, 2010 3

Added slides for and

Sep. 26, 2010

Added slides for numbers 11-20 and the verbal sentence

Nov. 13, 2010

Added slides for Present Tense Verb -

Added slides for Moods of Verbs

Jan. 16, 2011

Added a slide for Present tense moods + minor corrections

Jan. 22, 2011

Added slides for Imperative Verb

Jan. 29, 2011

Updated slides for Imperative Verb

Feb. 26, 2011

Updated slides for Present Tense Verb -

Apr. 30, 2011

Updated slides for Present Tense Moods

Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

Particle of Emphasis and Accusative Case )

) of the sentence accusative (

The analysis of the nominal sentence changes as follows, when it

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

) ( with Attached Pronouns

Please note the two

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

Examples from Quran ... ...

Say: "Is that best, or the eternal

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

) , because it does not convey the

It requires a predicate ( )to complete its meaning.

usually takes a , but it can also be without one. In the latter

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

, the Starting with

group This applies to the

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11

Examples from Quran

Is not the morning near? (11:81)

Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

, so the word following it is is always

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11

Examples from Quran

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11)

(compound word), is a The

is always singular and The

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11

Gender for Numbers 11 19

Both parts of the compound word agree

Part 1 of the compound word is opposite

The is on the same pattern as

It has the same form for both

The is always singular and

. This is true for

from numbers 11 to 99.

The Verbal Sentence

Starts with a verb