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HEAT

Heat exchange Newton Cooling System

Newton Cooling System

Experiment objective To observe the cooling process of hot water in metal container. To study the newton cooling process of hot water inside the container.

Basic Principle

If a container is filled with hot water with temperature T placed in a room with lower temperature (Troom) thus a transfer of heat from the container to the surrounding will occur. Slowly, the water inside the container will cool itself until its temperature is equal with the room temperature. Isaac Newton created a model of this cooling process by assuming that the rate of energy exchange from one medium to the other is proportionalto the temperature difference between those 2 mediums (T) and the rate of the cooling process change exponentially towards time. =( ) + [K] (1)

To as the initial temperature (K) and k is the cooling rate constant (K-1). In this experiment, small amount of hot water is needed to shorten the cooling process. Three metal containers with three different colors (black, white and metallic) are needed to compare the heat exchange process on different color containers.

Fig.1. a) Black metal container, b) White, and c) metallic

Equipment 3 Metal containers metallic) 3 Glass thermometer 1 Stopwatch 1 Beaker glass 1 Heater 1 Vernier caliper

(black,

white,

and

Experiment procedure 1. Prepare three metal containers with 3 different colors (black, white and metallic) with its lid. 2. Measure the room temperature. 3. Heat the water inside the beaker glass using heater until it boils. 4. Pour the hot water into the three containers with height 1 cm from the containers surface using the vernier caliper. 5. Cover all three containers with its lids and put a thermometer inside the container without touching the containers surface. 6. Record the temperature when it reaches the maximum temperature for all three containers. 7. Record the time needed for each1oC temperature decrease until 30oC temperature decreasing in total. 8. After it finished, throw the hot water out. 9. Repeat the same procedure with the height of 3cm from the containers surface. Questions 1. State the zero thermodynamic law! 2. Determine how the colors of container affect the decreasing of hot water temperature!

3. Explain whether the newton cooling system law is applied on the heating process! 4. If we want to speed up the process of a drinking can (at room temperature) inside the refrigerator, will it be better to place it in a freezer or chiller? How is the effect, explain! 5. Which one has greater rate of cooling process, a hot glass placed inside a warm oven or a hot glass placed inside a cold room? Or whether both have equal rate of cooling process? Data Analysis and Evaluation 1. Draw a T temperaturevst time graph! Include all three containers in one plane. 2. Make alnTvst graph! Include all three containers in one plane;find the gradient of each graph! 3. Calculate the constant k and compare k from each color! 4. Analyze and conclude this experiment!

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