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Endometrial Cancer in Foods', Herbs' and Vitamins' Points of View

By Kyle J. Norton

The incidence of endometrial cancer among white women are higher in comparison to black. According to the statistic, the risk of endometrial cancer among women is 1 in 7000. Every year, about 0,000 women in !" are diagnosed with the disease. #omen who carry certain mutation genes, such as $%&A1 or the $%&A' are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer. (epending to the stage and grade of the cancer, chemotherapy such as (o)orubicin, &isplatin. *aclita)el, &arboplatin, Topotecan may be necessary after surgery with certain side effects. Although epidemiological studies focusing the effective of vegetables and fruits in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer with inconclusive results+1,+',+-,+ ,, certain foods, through clinical studies have been found effectively in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer with little or no side effects. Endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particular to menstrual cycle. Endometrial cancer is a late adulthood cancer defined as a condition in which the cells of the endometrial lining of uterus have growth uncontrollably or become cancerous as a result of the alternation of cells (.A. /t0s the fourth most common cancer among women overall, after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer. T e !enes m"tation #. B$C%# or t e B$C%& !ene #omen who carry the genes $%&A1 or the $%&A', according to 1amilial $reast &ancer %esearch study are associated to risk of endometrial cancer, specialty for the gene $%&A, but the e)cessive risk is largely attributable to a history of Tamo)ifen use.+1, and in aged group between 2 to 70+',. &. '"tations in (N% mismatc re)air *''$+ !enes 3utations in (.A mismatch repair +33%, genes affects the (.A repair prowess, elevating endometrial cancer risk, due to the loss of proofreading activity of *ol4 +-,. The !niversity of 5)ford study, indicated that mutation of germline e)onuclease domain ++E(3s, of *56E and *56(1 are associated to predispose to endometrial cancer +E&, risk+ ,, 5ther study showed that defection in either (.A proofreading or 33% may relate to genomic instability and tumourigenesis+2,.

,. P os) atase and tensin omolo! *PTEN+ 3ation of 3utations of this gene are associated to the development of many types of cancer, specially in altered gene in estrogen7dependent endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tumors+8, -. K-ras m"tations 97ras gene are protein product plays an essential function in normal tissue signaling. 3utation of 9%A" gene is associated to the development of many cancers. According to the study by :aukel and !niversity :ospital, 9%A" mutations over amplification and e)pression were presented in 1 .7; of primary lesions with no increase in metastatic lesions but in 1<; of metastatic lesions. and high 9%A" m%.A levels are associated with aggressive phenotype due to activation of E%91=' , +in regulating the malignant potential of cancer cells,+7,. According to the study by 9ana>awa !niversity, '-; of patients with endometrial cancer carry a mutation in e)on 1 of 9%A"+7, and 70; of 3utation in codon 1' of the 97ras gene in "erbian patients+<, .. /0catenin m"tation ?7catenin plays an important role in dual function protein by regulating the coordination of cell@cell adhesion and gene transcription, 3utation and over e)pression are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer+A,. The "apporo 3edical !niversity study insisted that alternation of the beta7 catenin gene occurs in atypical hyperplasia or cancer, rather than in simple or comple) hyperplasia without atypia+structural abnormality in a cell,, during endometrial carcinogenesis+10,. /n an immunohistochemically analy>ed <0 endometrial samples +-0 of normal endometrium, '0 of endometrial hyperplasia, and -0 of endometrial cancer,, beta7catenin was observed in -0; of endometrial cancer samples+11,. 1. 2ync syndrome 6ynch syndrome is an inherited condition with increased risk of colon and other cancers, caused by a germ line mutation in a mismatch repair gene+1',. The risk of 6ynch syndrome among endometrial cancer patients is .8;+1-,. /n a molecular screening for 6" in patients with endometrial cancer B 70 years of age, the risk of 6" is 8; of cases+1 ,, /nactivation of the mismatch repair genes 3":' and 3":8 are associated to hereditary non7polyposis colorectal cancer +:.*&&C 6ynch syndrome,+12,.

Taking altogether, genetic mutation of certain genes is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. 1ortunately, certain foods and herbs have found to be effective in suppressing the e)pression and blocking the preoperative mechanism and pathways. *lease note that all articles written by 9yle D. .orton are for information E education only, please consult your (octor E %elated field specialist before applying. $eferences +1, The incidence of endometrial cancer in women with $%&A1 and $%&A' mutationsF an international prospective cohort study by "egev G, /Hbal D, 6ubinski D, Ironwald D, 6ynch :T, 3oller *, Ihadirian *, %osen $, Tung ., 9im7"ing &, 1oulkes #(, .euhausen "6, "enter 6, "inger &1, 9arlan $, *ing ", .arod "AC :ereditary $reast &ancer "tudy Iroup. +*ub3ed, +', The risk of endometrial cancer in women with $%&A1 and $%&A' mutations. A prospective study by $einer 3E, 1inch A, %osen $, 6ubinski D, 3oller *, Ihadirian *, 6ynch :T, 1riedman E, "un *, .arod "AC :ereditary 5varian &ancer &linical "tudy Iroup+*ub3ed, +-, A common cancer7associated (.A polymerase JvarepsilonK mutation causes an e)ceptionally strong mutator phenotype, indicating fidelity defects distinct from loss of proofreading by 9ane (*, "hcherbakova *L+*ub3ed, + , M/dentification and management of :.*&& syndrome +hereditary non polyposis colon cancer,, hereditary predisposition to colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomasN. MArticle in 1rench by 5lschwang ", $onaOti &, 1eingold D, 1rPbourg T, IrandQouan ", 6asset &, 6aurent7*uig *, 6ecuru 1, 3illat $, "obol :, Thomas I, Eisinger 1.+*ub3ed, +2, (.A polymerase 4 and R e)onuclease domain mutations in endometrial cancer by &hurch (., $riggs "E, *alles &, (omingo E, 9earsey "D, Irimes D3, Iorman 3, 3artin 6, :owarth 93, :odgson "LC ."E&I &ollaborators, 9aur 9, Taylor D, Tomlinson /*+*ub3ed, +8, Ienetics of Endometrial &ancers by Tsuyoshi 5kuda,1,S Akihiko "eki>awa,1 Guditiya *urwosunu,1, ' 3asaaki .agatsuka,1 3iki 3orioka,1 3asaki :ayashi,1 and Takashi 5kai+*ub3ed, +7, 9%A" gene amplification and overe)pression but not mutation associates with aggressive and metastatic endometrial cancer by $irkeland E, #ik E, 3QTs ", :oivik EA, Trovik D, #erner :3, 9usonmano 9, *etersen 9, %aeder 3$, :olst 1, Uyan A3, 9alland 9:, Akslen 6A,

"imon %, 9rakstad &, "alvesen :$.+*ub3ed, +<, Ienetic alterations in "3A( and 97ras in "erbian patients with endometrial carcinoma by .ikolic A, %istanovic 3, *erovic L, Trifunovic D, *erovic 3, %adoQkovic (.+*ub3ed, +A, 1reHuent ?7catenin gene mutations in atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus by Takahashi :, Goshida T, 3atsumoto T, 9ameda G, Takano G, Ta>o G, /noue :, "aegusa 3+*ub3ed, +10, 3utation of beta7catenin gene in endometrial cancer but not in associated hyperplasia by Ashihara 9, "aito T, 3i>umoto :, .ishimura 3, Tanaka %, 9udo %.+*ub3ed, +11, .uclear locali>ation of beta7catenin in normal and carcinogenic endometrium by .ei :, "aito T, Gamasaki :, 3i>umoto :, /to E, 9udo %. +*ub3ed, +1', %isks of colorectal and other cancers after endometrial cancer for women with 6ynch syndrome by #in A9, 6indor .3, #inship /, Tucker 93, $uchanan ((, Goung D*, %osty &, 6eggett $, Iiles II, Ioldblatt D, 3acrae 1A, *arry ", 9alady 31, $aron DA, Ahnen (D, 3archand 66, Iallinger ", :aile %#, .ewcomb *A, :opper D6, Denkins 3A+*ub3ed, +1-, *revalence of 6ynch syndrome among patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancers by Egoavil &, Alenda &, &astilleQo A, *aya A, *eiro I, "Vnche>7:eras A$, &astilleQo 3/, %oQas E, $arberV L3, &igWen>a ", 6ope> DA, *iXero 5, %omVn 3D, 3artYne>7Escori>a D&, Iuarinos &, *ere>7 &arbonell 6, Aranda 1/, "oto D6.+*ub3ed, +1 , *rospective evaluation of molecular screening for 6ynch syndrome in patients with endometrial cancer B 70 years by 6eenen &:, van 6ier 3I, van (oorn :&, van 6eerdam 3E, 9ooi "I, de #aard D, :oedemaeker %1, van den 5uweland A3, :ulspas "3, (ubbink :D, 9uipers ED, #agner A, (inQens #., "teyerberg E#.+*ub3ed, +12, "tructural, molecular and cellular functions of 3":' and 3":8 during (.A mismatch repair, damage signaling and other noncanonical activities 3ichael A. Edelbrocka,, "aravanan 9aliyaperumalb, , 9andace D. #illiams+"cience direct, 3. Endometrial Cancer in Foods Points of View #. Cr"cifero"s 4e!etables &ruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family $rassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli etc. The vegetables have been suggested to reduced risk and protect against various types of cancer+2,. /ndole7-7carbinol +/-&,, a chemical constituent found in cruciferous vegetables, in (onryu rats study showed to be effective

in inhibition of spontaneous occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma as well as preneoplastic lesions+8,. "ince metabolic profile of estrogens may be crucial for the endometrial carcinogenesis, /ndole7-7carbinol +/-&, e)erted its anti7estrogen and induced apoptotic effects through the '7 and 7hydro)ylation pathways +catechol estrogens, and the downstream of the 18beta7hydro)ylation pathway+7,. &. 5arlic Iarlic is a natural superfood healer for its natural antibiotic with antiviral, antifungal, anticoagulant and antiseptic properties. Allium vegetables have been found in many studies to have an inverse association between the freHuency of use of and the risk of several common cancers+<,. *urified allicin, a maQor ingredient of crushed garlic, showed to induced apoptosis through induction of activation of caspases7-, 7< and 7A and cleavage of poly+A(*7ribose, polymerase+A, A multi7centre case7control study of 2 endometrial cancer cases and A0< controls, allium vegetables, including garlic showed a moderate protective effect in reduced risk endometrial cancer+10,. $ut according to the 9orea 1ood and (rug Administration, there was no credible evidence to support a garlic intake in reduced risk of endometrial cancer+11,. ,. Tomatos Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus "olanum, belonging to family "olanaceae, native to "outh America. $ecause of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose and often in green house. 6ycopene, a maQor carotenoid component of tomato has been known in research community with the property to attenuate the risk of endometrial cancer, through cellular effects, either by chemical o)idation or by en>ymatic cleavage inside the cells+1',. /n endometrial +E&&71, cancer cell, composition of lycopene and at%A inhibited /nsulin7like growth factors +/I1s, 7/7stimulated cell cycle progression through I1 to " phase and decreased +retinoblastoma protein +p%b,, tumor suppressor protein dysfunction+1-, or cell cycle progression+1 ,. /n the comparison of the effects of lycopene and alpha7 and beta7carotene in endometrial cancer, lycopene is more potent in inhibited basal endometrial cancer cell proliferation, and suppressed insulin7like growth factor7/7stimulated growth+12,. -. 6r!anic soybean

7oybean is genus Ilycine, the family 1abaceae, one of the legumes that contains twice as much protein per acre as any other maQor vegetable or grain crop, native to "outheast Asia. .ow, it is grown worldwide with suitable climate for commercial profit and a healthy foods. *hytochemicals such as daid>ein, genistein, or glycitein found in soy and other legumes have been speculated to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and specially in lean women+18,.. According to the !niversity of :awaii &ancer &enter, greater consumption of isoflavone7containing foods is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in nonhysterectomi>ed postmenopausal women+17,. /n Estrogen7induced proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells, genistein found in legime and organic soy inhibited the proliferative effects of estrogen on endometrial adenocarcinoma cells presumably through activation of stromal cell E%?+1<,. $ut /n a total of 888 visits among '' participants study conducted by !niversity of "outhern &alifornia, showed that there was no evidences to support of the effects of /"* supplementation onendometrial thickness or on the odds of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in postmenopausal women+1A,. .. 8 ole !rain /t is suggested that whole grain reduced risk of endometrial cancer through its interaction of se) hormone metabolism and body fat in a study of &ancer and :ealth cohort of 'A,<72 women aged 2078 years at enrollment in 1AA-7 1AA7+'0,. 6ignan, a chemical constituents found abundantly in whole7grain cereals, beans, berries, nuts, in animals has shown clear anticarcinogenic effects+'1,. A study of '-,01 /owa women, aged 2278A years in 1A<8 conducted by the !niversity of 3innesota, indicated that an inverse association between whole grain intake and endometrial cancer and may protect against endometrial cancer among never7users of hormone replacement therapy+'',. Also in a review of the literature, the !niversity of 3innesota showed there is a striking consistency in reduced risk edometrial cancers associated with intake of whole grain+'-,. 1. 5reen Tea Ireen tea contains more amount of antio)idants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of &amellia sinensis, undergone minimal o)idation during processing, originated from &hina. Ireen tea has been a precious drink in traditional &hinese culture and used e)ceptional in sociali>ation for more than 000 thousand years. $ecause of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the

world. The !niversity of $ristol study showed that there is some positive evidence for risk reduction of endometrial cancers with green tea consumption+' ,. +7,7Epigallocatechin7-7gallate +EI&I,, a maQor polyphenol in green tea, inhibited endometrial cancer cell line through inhibiting E%9 activation and inducing apoptosis via %5" generation and p-< activation+'2,. The population7based case7control study in urban "hanghai indicated that the reduction of risk of endometrial cancer may be only limit to premenopausal women+'8,,. "ome studies suggested that tea consumption may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer but further prospective studies are needed+'7,. 9. Coffee &offee made from the roasted seeds of the genus &offee, belonging to the family %ubiaceae native to southern Arabia. "trong evidence suggested that drinking coffee reduced risk of endometrial cancer and there is a correlation of caffeinated coffee intake associated with lower endometrial cancer risk among obese postmenopausal women+'7, but the association with decaffeinated coffee remains unclear. /n a prospective cohort study, conducted by the :arvard "chool of *ublic :ealth, $oston, indicated that (rinking of coffee, may reduce endometrial cancer risk, but addition of substantial sugar and cream to coffee could offset any potential benefits+'<,. The The .ational /nstitute of Environmental 3edicine study also showed a positive effect of coffee in reduced risk of endometrial cancer, especially among women with e)cessive body weight+'A,. :. Fatty fis 1atty fish containing a large amounts of omega7- fatty acids may be associated to reduced risk of endometrial cancer, but not other types of fish, according to the nationwide case7control study in "weden+-0,.The 5hio "tate !niversity &ollege of 3edicine and the 1red :utchinson &ancer %esearch &enter study showed that long7chain Z7- +n7-, polyunsaturated fatty acids +*!1As,, derived from marine sources, consisted a anti7 inflammatory effect thus reducing risk of endometrial cancer, restricted to overweight and obese women+-1,. /n the investigation of Tohoku !niversity Iraduate "chool of 3edicine, the study indicated that higher intake of vegetables, peanuts, fish, and boiled egg was associated with a reduced risk for EEA+-',. !nfortunately, some researchers suggested that there is no evidence to support an association between meat or fish intakes or meat mutagens and endometrial cancer+--,.

;. 6li4e oil 5live is belongs to the the family 5leaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern 3editerranean $asin and south end of the &aspian "ea. /ts fruit, is also called the olive and the source of olive oil. According to the study by the !niversity of Athens 3edical "chool, increased intake of monounsaturated fat, mostly olive oil, was associated with endometrial cancer risk reduction and increased olive oil intake by 1 standard deviation, reduced risk of endometrial cancer by '8; +- ,. /n a < women study with intact uterus admitted to the same teaching hospital in Athens, showed that risk of endometrial cancer is reduced with intake %etinol, nicotinic acid, vitamin $7 8, and riboflavin, but olive oil was highly suggestive+-2,. 5ther researchers suggested since the incidence of cancer overall in 3editerranean countries is lower than in "candinavian countries, the !nited 9ingdom, and the !nited "tates, it may be a result of healthy traditional 3editerranean diet+-8,. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, intake of above list foods are associated to reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer. As always, all articles written by 9yle D. .orton are for information E education only, please consult your (octor E %elated field specialist before applying. $eferences +1, &onference on [3ultidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems[. "ymposium on [.utrition and health[. &ruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancerF epidemiological evidence $G 9im 39, *ark D:+*ub3ed, +', Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Lerhoeven (T, Ioldbohm %A, van *oppel I, Lerhagen :, van den $randt *A+*ub3ed, +-, $rassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van *oppel I, Lerhoeven (T, Lerhagen :, Ioldbohm %A. +*ub3ed, + , 1ruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer riskF a systematic literature review and meta7analysis by $andera EL, 9ushi 6:, 3oore (1, Iifkins (3, 3c&ullough 36+*ub3ed, +2, &ruciferous vegetables and cancer risk in a network of case7control studies by $osetti &, 1ilomeno 3, %iso *, *olesel D, 6evi 1, Talamini %, 3ontella 3, .egri E, 1ranceschi ", 6a Lecchia &.+*ub3ed, +8, &hemoprevention of spontaneous endometrial cancer in female (onryu rats by dietary indole7-7carbinol by 9oQima T, Tanaka T, 3ori :+*ub3ed,

+7, Effects of estrogens and metabolites on endometrial carcinogenesis in young adult mice initiated with .7ethyl7.07nitro7.7nitrosoguanidine by Takahashi 3, "himomoto T, 3iyaQima 9, Goshida 3, 9atashima ", !ematsu 1, 3aekawa A, .akae (.+*ub3ed, +<, 5nion and garlic use and human cancer by Ialeone &, *elucchi &, 6evi 1, .egri E, 1ranceschi ", Talamini %, Iiacosa A, 6a Lecchia &.+*ub3ed, +A, Allicin +from garlic, induces caspase7mediated apoptosis in cancer cells by 5ommen ", Anto %D, "rinivas I, 9arunagaran (.+*ub3ed, +10, Allium vegetables intake and endometrial cancer risk by Ialeone &, *elucchi &, (al 3aso 6, .egri E, 3ontella 3, \ucchetto A, Talamini %, 6a Lecchia &.+*ub3ed, +11, Iarlic intake and cancer riskF an analysis using the 1ood and (rug Administration0s evidence7based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims by 9im DG, 9won 5+*ub3ed, +1', The role of lycopene and its derivatives in the regulation of transcription systemsF implications for cancer prevention by "haroni G, 6innewiel7:ermoni 9, \ango I, 9hanin 3, "alman :, Leprik A, (anilenko 3, 6evy D.+*ub3ed, +1-, 6ycopene inhibition of /I17induced cancer cell growth depends on the level of cyclin (1 by .ahum A, \eller 6, (anilenko 3, *rall 5#, #atts &9, "utherland %6, 6evy D, "haroni G.+*ub3ed, +1 , 6ycopene inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast and endometrial cancer cells is associated with reduction in cyclin ( levels and retention of p'7+9ip1, in the cyclin E7cdk' comple)es by .ahum A, :irsch 9, (anilenko 3, #atts &9, *rall 5#, 6evy D, "haroni G.+*ub3ed, +12, 6ycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either alpha7carotene or beta7carotene by 6evy D, $osin E, 1eldman $, Iiat G, 3iinster A, (anilenko 3, "haroni G.+*ub3ed, +18, *hytoestrogen consumption and endometrial cancer riskF a population7 based case7control study in .ew Dersey by $andera EL1, #illiams 3I, "ima &, $ayuga ", *ulick 9, #ilco) :, "oslow %, \auber AI, 5lson ":+*ub3ed, +17, 6egume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the multiethnic cohort study by 5llberding .D1, 6im !, #ilkens 6%, "etiawan L#, "hvetsov G$, :enderson $E, 9olonel 6., Ioodman 3T+*ub3ed, +1<, Ienistein effects on stromal cells determines epithelial proliferation in endometrial co7cultures by "ampey $*1, 6ewis T(, $arbier &", 3akowski 6, 9aufman (I+*ub3ed, +1A, Effect of isoflavone soy protein supplementation on endometrial

thickness, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal womenF a randomi>ed controlled trial by ]uaas A31, 9ono ., 3ack #D, :odis :., 1eli) D&, *aulson %D, "houpe (.+*ub3ed, +'0, #hole grain, dietary fiber, and incidence of endometrial cancer in a (anish cohort study by Aarestrup D1, 9yrT &, &hristensen D, 9ristensen 3, #Wrt> A3, Dohnsen .1, 5vervad 9, TQTnneland A, 5lsen A+*ub3ed, +'1, 6ignans and human health by Adlercreut> :.+*ub3ed, +'', #hole grain intake and incident endometrial cancerF the /owa #omen0s :ealth "tudy by 9asum &31, .icodemus 9, :arnack 6D, Dacobs (% Dr, 1olsom A%C /owa #omen0s :ealth "tudy+*ub3ed, +'-, #hole grain intake and cancerF a review of the literature by Dacobs (% Dr1, "lavin D, 3arHuart 6+*ub3ed, +' , Ireen tea and green tea catechin e)tractsF an overview of the clinical evidence by Dohnson %1, $ryant ", :untley A6+*ub3ed, +'2, +7,7Epigallocatechin7-7gallate induces apoptosis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells via %5" generation and p-< 3A* kinase activation by 3anohar 31, 1atima /, "a)ena %, &handra L, "ankhwar *6, (wivedi A+*ub3ed, +'8, MIreen tea consumption and the risk of endometrial cancerF a population7based case7control study in urban "hanghaiN.MArticle in &hineseN by Iao D1, ^iang G$, ^u #:, "hao &^, %uan \^, &heng D%, "hu ^5, Iao GT+*ub3ed, +'8, Tea consumption and risk of endometrial cancerF a metaanalysis by Tang .*1, 6i :, ]iu G6, \hou I3, 3a D+*ub3ed, +'7, &affeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee and endometrial cancer riskF a prospective cohort study among !" postmenopausal women by Iiri A1, "turgeon "%, 6uisi ., $ertone7Dohnson E, $alasubramanian %, %eeves 9#+*ub3ed, +'<, A prospective cohort study of coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer over a '87year follow7up by De G1, :ankinson "E, Tworoger "", (e Livo /, Iiovannucci E+*ub3ed, +'A, &offee drinking and risk of endometrial cancer77a population7based cohort study by 1riberg E1, 5rsini ., 3ant>oros &", #olk A+*ub3ed, +-0, 1atty fish consumption lowers the risk of endometrial cancerF a nationwide case7control study in "weden by Terry *1, #olk A, Lainio :, #eiderpass E+*ub3ed, +-1, Associations of long7chain Z7- fatty acids and fish intake with endometrial cancer risk in the L/Tamins And 6ifestyle cohort by $rasky T31, .euhouser 36, &ohn (E, #hite E+*ub3ed, +-', 1ood intake and the risk of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

in Dapanese women by Takayama "1, 3onma G, Tsubota7!tsugi 3, .agase ", Tsubono G, .umata T, Toyoshima 3, !tsunomiya :, "ugawara D, Gaegashi .+*ub3ed, +--, A prospective investigation of fish, meat and cooking7related carcinogens with endometrial cancer incidence by Arem :1, Iunter 3D, &ross AD, :ollenbeck A%, "inha %+*ub3ed, +- , (ietary factors and the risk of endometrial cancerF a case77control study in Ireece by T>onou A1, 6ipworth 6, 9alandidi A, Trichopoulou A, Iamatsi /, :sieh &&, .otara L, Trichopoulos (+*ub3ed, +-2, (iet in relation to endometrial cancer riskF a case7control study in Ireece by *etridou E1, 9edikoglou ", 9oukoulomatis *, (essypris ., Trichopoulos (+*ub3ed, +-8, &ancer and 3editerranean dietary traditions by Trichopoulou A1, 6agiou *, 9uper :, Trichopoulos (.+*ub3ed, 33. Endoemtrial Cancer in Herbs' Points of View #. 2icorice 2icorice *5lycyrr i<a 5labra+ also known as sweetwood, is the genus Ilycyrrhi>a, belonging to the family 1abaceae, native to the 3editerranean and certain areas of Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases, coughs, constipation, bronchitis, inflammation, arthritis, etc. /n mice study, licorice showed to inhibited the proliferation of endometrial carcinogenesis, through a significant decrease in the &5^7', /67 1alpha and T.17alpha m%.A e)pressions+2,. 5n estrogen7related endometrial carcinogenesis in mice, treatment after ' weeks, licorice inhibited the E'7related endometrial carcinogenesis, through suppression of estrogen7induced c7fos=Qun+a variety of physiological functions including cell proliferation and differentiation,7e)pressions+8,. &. 5reen tea Ireen tea contains more amount of antio)idants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of &amellia sinensis, undergone minimal o)idation during processing, originated from &hina. Ireen tea has been a precious drink in traditional &hinese culture and used e)ceptional in sociali>ation for more than 000 years. $ecause of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world. &atechins. the maQor polyphenols in green tea, showed to reduce risk of endometrial cancer+7,. Epigallocatechin7-7gallate, Another biological active component of green tea, also inhibited endometrial cancer cell line +/shikawa cells, proliferation, through

cell cycle arrest, interfered with Akt+role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration., activation of 3A*9+role in comple) cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis, signals, and increased apoptosis signals leading to a controlled caspases+mechanisms of apoptosis,, $cl7'+family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death,, $a)+involved in p2-7mediated apoptosis, genes and protein e)pression.+<,. /n a study of 12' patients with histopathologically diagnosed EEA+endometrial cancer,, and '<2 healthy women of the control who were matched for age and area of residence with individual cases, showed that green tea have an inverse association to endometrial cancer risk regardless of the presence or absence of factors such as obesity and menopause+A,. ,. T"rmeric T"rmeric is a perennial plant in the genus &urcuma, belonging to the family \ingiberaceae, native to tropical "outh Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti7o)idant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, ec>ema, inflammations, etc. &urcumin, a maQor chemical constituent of turmeric, inhibited endometrial cancer proliferation through suppresses DA97"TAT+mechanisms of activation and regulation of this essential signaling cascade, signaling via activation of */A"7-+*rotein inhibitor of activated "TAT-,, thus attenuating "TAT7-+signal transducer and activator of transcription7- +"TAT7-, is constitutively activated in ovarian and endometrial cancers, phosphorylation and tumor cell growth+10,. /n comparison of the effects of letro>ole and curcumin in endometrial cancer in nude mice, treatment of curcumin or letro>ole induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer and the composition further enhanced the inhibitory rate in tumor growth+11,. /n human endometrial carcinoma :E&717A cells, curcumin induced apoptosis through down7regulation of Ets71 and $cl7' e)pression+1', -. 5arlic 5arlic *%lli"m sati4"m+ is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. /t has been used popularly in traditional and &hinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the *lague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc. Allium vegetables have been found in many studies to have an inverse association between the freHuency of use and the risk of several common

cancers+1-,. *urified allicin, a maQor ingredient of crushed garlic, showed to induced apoptosis through induction of activation of caspases7-, 7< and 7A and cleavage of poly+A(*7ribose, polymerase+1 , A multi7centre case7 control study of 2 endometrial cancer cases and A0< controls, allium vegetables, including garlic showed a moderate protective effect in reduced risk endometrial cancer+12,. $ut according to the 9orea 1ood and (rug Administration, there was no credible evidence to support a garlic intake in reduced risk of endometrial cancer+18,. .. 5in!er 5in!er *\ingiber officinale, or ginger root is the genus \ingiber, belonging to the family \ingiberaceae, native to Tamil. /t has been used in traditional and &hinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc. A recent report identified a variety of terpenoids inhibited cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via various mechanisms+17,, including inhibition of tumor7induced angiogenesis and of various oncogenic and anti7 apoptotic signaling pathways and suppression or nuclear translocation of various transcription factors including nuclear factor kappa $ +.17_$,+1<,. Terpenoids, a chemical constituent found in the "team (istilled E)tract of Iinger +"(IE, induced apoptosis through activating p2-+tumor antigen, +1A,. 1. 5insen! Iinseng is a slow7growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus *ana), belonging to the family Araliaceae. (epending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into *ana) ginseng Asian ginseng +root,, %ed ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng +root,. /n the study of the effect of several fractions of 87yr old fresh ginseng and red ginseng, four semi7synthetic ginsenoside %h1, %h', %g- and %g2, maQor saponin components in red ginseng,suggested that ginsenoside %g-, %g2 and %h' shwed anticarcinogensis actively. %g-, %g2 and %h' are active components in red ginseng prevent cancer either singularly or synergistically+'0,. Iinsenoside7%b' derived from ginseng inhibited proliferation of endometrial cancer cell lines /shikawa+'1,. /n precancerous lesions of the esophagus and endometrium, *ana) ginseng &.A. 3eyer cultivated in %ussia, bioginseng, pana)el and pana)el7 2, induced the cytoto)ic activity of macrophages in mice, enhanced T7lymphocyte rosette formation in guinea pigs+'',.

9. $ed clo4er $ed Clo4er is a short7lived perennial plant, in the genus Trifolium, belonging to the family 1abaceae, native to to Europe, #estern Asia and northwest Africa. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic and liver cleansing agent and to treat cancer, whooping cough, respiratory problems, and skin inflammations, etc. "ynthesi>ed carbamate esters with long aliphatic chains without such atoms from $iochanin A +$&A,, a maQor isoflavone in red clover, suppressed cell proliferation /shikawa cell line+'',. the !niversity of /llinois at &hicago study indicated that the flower head and total above7ground parts e)tracts e)hibited differential estrogenic activity in an /shikawa +endometrial, cel line and autohydrolytic e)tracts of above7ground parts contained more isoflavones and had more estrogenic activity in /shikawa endometrial cells as compared with e)tracts of flower heads+'-, and red clover isoflavones had an anti proliferative effect in the endometrium+' ,. 9. 7c"tellaria baicalensis *Bai=al 7="llca), H"an! >in+ $aikal "kullcap, also known as :uang ]in in traditional &hinese medicine, is a flower plant of the genus "cutellaria, belonging to the family 6amiaceae, native to &hina. The herb has been used to treat Qaundice, hypertension , an)iety, headache due to cold or flu, prostate &ancer, breast cancer, red eyes and sore throat, cough and asthma. /n endometrial cancer cell lines, high doses of :uang ]in significantly inhibited of cell growth but lower doses stimulated growth in endometrial cell lines+'2,. /n an estrogen7 responsive mouse tumor cell line, the herb "cutellaria baicalensis, significantly inhibited the proliferation of $711 cells+estrogen7responsive mouse tumor cell line B0#F , in vitro and in vivo, through induction of (.A fragmentation and morphological changes+'8,. :. Fritillaria cirr ose *C "an Bei '"+ 1ritillaria cirrhose is a bulbous plants in the genus of 1ritillaria belonging to the family 6iliaceae, native to the .orthern :emisphere. The herb has been used in traditional &hinese medicine as as antibiotic and to raise blood pressure, stop cough, , increased blood sugar,etc. as it transforms *hlegm, calms coughC clears :eat, dissolves nodules, etc. by enhancing the functions

of heart and lung channels. /n the composition study of "cutellaria baicalensis +"$, and 1ritillaria cirrhosa +1&,, suggested that both herb inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cell line through activation of caspase7-+cell apoptosis, I0 =I1 phase cell cycle arrest, down regulation of cyclins (1 and (-+regulating cell cycle progression, and induction of p'7+&ell cycle inhibition,+'7, ;. B"falin *C an 7"+ $ufalin is also known as toad venom. The acrid, warm, to)ic herb has been used in T&3 to food poisoning with stomach pain and bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, painful and swollen throat and certain types of cancer, including liver cancer, intestine cancer, leukemia, skin cancer etc. as it e)pels to)ins, resolves oedema, calms pain, opens the orifices, etc. by enhancing the functions of heart, kidney and stomach channels. $ufalin, the cardioactive &7' steroids was found to inhibit the growth of tumors of endometrium through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and e)pression of genes proliferation genes+'<,. The 5ita !niversity 1aculty of 3edicine study also showed that &ang "u induced apoptosis through decreased the proportion of cells in the "7phase and increased the proportion in the I0=I1 phases of the cell cycle+'A,. ##. T e com)ositions 7 i0>"an0(a0B"0Tan! or 7 imots"0to "hi7]uan7(a7$u7Tang is a composition of %en"hen, $ai\hu, 1u6ing, "hu(i:uang, (ang]ui, &huan ^iong, :uan]i and %uIui commonly used in traditional &hinese medicine to treat Hi and blood accompanied by yang deficiency and cold manifestations. /n endometrial cell line, the composition induced apoptosis of the cancer cells through suppression of the suppression of The e)pression of E%7alpha m%.A, but not E%7beta m%.A+-0,. Du>en7 taiho7to, consisting a mi)ture of "himotsu7to and "hikunshi7to formulas, in mice study showed to e)ert protective effect against estrogen7related endometrial carcinogenesis+-1, through suppression of estradiol717 beta +E',7induced e)pression of c7fos=Qun+cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, in uterine corpus and inhibition of .7methyl7.7nitrosourea+a highly reliable carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen, and E'7induced endometrial carcinogenesis+-',. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, the above list are found ti be effective in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer through various e)pressions and mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, up regulation of induced apoptic and down regulation of proliferation

e)pressions. 6arge sample si>e and muticenter studies are necessary with identification of the active principle in order to improve the validation of the clinical trial. &hinese "ecrets To 1atty 6iver And 5besity %eversal !se The %evolutionary 1indings To Achieve 5ptimal :ealth And 6oose #eight 64arian Cysts %nd PC67 Elimination :olistic "ystem /n E)istence That #ill "how Gou :ow To *ermanently Eliminate All Types of 5varian &ysts #ithin ' 3onths $ack to %esearched articles 7 *oints of view of Litamins, 1oods and :erbs httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca=p=blog7page`' .html $ack to 9yle D. .orton :ome page httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca $eferences +1, &onference on [3ultidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems[. "ymposium on [.utrition and health[. &ruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancerF epidemiological evidence $G 9im 39, *ark D:+*ub3ed, +', Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Lerhoeven (T, Ioldbohm %A, van *oppel I, Lerhagen :, van den $randt *A+*ub3ed, +-, $rassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van *oppel I, Lerhoeven (T, Lerhagen :, Ioldbohm %A. +*ub3ed, + , 1ruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer riskF a systematic literature review and meta7analysis by $andera EL, 9ushi 6:, 3oore (1, Iifkins (3, 3c&ullough 36+*ub3ed, +2, *reventive effects of glycyrrhi>in on estrogen7related endometrial carcinogenesis in mice by .iwa 91, 6ian \, 5nogi 9, Gun #, Tang 6, 3ori :, Tamaya T+*ub3ed, +8, *reventive effects of Ilycyrrhi>ae radi) e)tract on estrogen7related endometrial carcinogenesis in mice by .iwa 91, :ashimoto 3, 3orishita ", Gokoyama G, 3ori :, Tamaya T+*ub3ed, +7, Ireen tea and green tea catechin e)tractsF an overview of the clinical evidence by Dohnson %1, $ryant ", :untley A6.+*ub3ed,

+<, Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of epigallocatechin7-7gallate on /shikawa cells is accompanied by se) steroid receptor downregulation by *ark "$1, $ae D#, 9im D3, 6ee "I, :an 3+*ub3ed, +A, &ase7control study of green tea consumption and the risk of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma by 9akuta G1, .akaya ., .agase ", 1uQita 3, 9oi>umi T, 5kamura &, .iikura :, 5hmori 9, 9uriyama ", Tase T, /to 9, 3inami G, Gaegashi ., TsuQi /+*ub3ed, +10, &urcumin suppresses constitutive activation of "TAT7- by up7 regulating protein inhibitor of activated "TAT7- +*/A"7-, in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells by "aydmohammed 31, Doseph (, "yed L+*ub3ed, +11, M/nhibiting effect of letro>ole combined with curcumin on )enografted endometrial carcinoma growth in nude miceN.MArticle in &hineseN by 6iang GD1, \hang :3, #u G\, :ao ], #ang D(, :u G6+*ub3ed, +1', &urcumin down7regulates Ets71 and $cl7' e)pression in human endometrial carcinoma :E&717A cells by Gu \1, "hah (3+*ub3ed, +1-, 5nion and garlic use and human cancer by Ialeone &, *elucchi &, 6evi 1, .egri E, 1ranceschi ", Talamini %, Iiacosa A, 6a Lecchia &.+*ub3ed, +1 , Allicin +from garlic, induces caspase7mediated apoptosis in cancer cells by 5ommen ", Anto %D, "rinivas I, 9arunagaran (.+*ub3ed, +12, Allium vegetables intake and endometrial cancer risk by Ialeone &, *elucchi &, (al 3aso 6, .egri E, 3ontella 3, \ucchetto A, Talamini %, 6a Lecchia &.+*ub3ed, +18, Iarlic intake and cancer riskF an analysis using the 1ood and (rug Administration0s evidence7based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims by 9im DG, 9won 5+*ub3ed, +17, TerpenoidsF natural products for cancer therapy by :uang 31, 6u DD, :uang 3], $ao D6, &hen ^*, #ang GT.+*ub3ed, +1<, /nhibition of tumor progression by naturally occurring terpenoids by 9uttan I1, *ratheeshkumar *, 3anu 9A, 9uttan %.+*ub3ed, +1<, Terpenoids from \ingiber officinale +Iinger, induce apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells through the activation of p2- by 6iu G1, #helan %D, *attnaik $%, 6udwig 9, "ubudhi E, %owland :, &laussen ., \ucker ., !ppal ", 9ushner (3, 1elder 3, *atankar 3", 9apur A.+*ub3ed, +1A, Terpenoids from \ingiber officinale +Iinger, induce apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells through the activation of p2- ,by 6iu G1, #helan %D, *attnaik $%, 6udwig 9, "ubudhi E, %owland :, &laussen ., \ucker ., !ppal ", 9ushner (3, 1elder 3, *atankar 3", 9apur A+*ub3ed, +'0, Anticarcinogenic effect of *ana) ginseng &.A. 3eyer and identification of active compounds by Gun T91, 6ee G", 6ee G:, 9im "/, Gun

:G+*ub3ed, +'1, /nhibitory effect of ginsenoside7%b' on invasiveness of uterine endometrial cancer cells to the basement membrane by 1uQimoto D1, "akaguchi :, Aoki /, Toyoki :, 9hatun ", Tamaya T.+*ub3ed, +'', &hemoprevention of mammary, cervi) and nervous system carcinogenesis in animals using cultured *ana) ginseng drugs and preliminary clinical trials in patients with precancerous lesions of the esophagus and endometrium by $espalov LI1, Ale)androv LA, 6imarenko AG, Loytenkov $5, 5kulov L$, 9abulov 39, *eresunko A*, "lepyan 6/, (avydov LL.+*ub3ed, +'', Ester and carbamate ester derivatives of $iochanin AF synthesis and in vitro evaluation of estrogenic and antiproliferative activities by 1okialakis .1, Ale)i ^, Aligiannis ., "iriani (, 3eligova A9, *ratsinis :, 3itakou ", Ale)is 3..+*ub3ed, +'-, "easonal variation of red clover +Trifolium pratense 6., 1abaceae, isoflavones and estrogenic activity by $ooth .61, 5verk &%, Gao *, Totura ", (eng G, :edayat A", $olton D6, *auli I1, 1arnsworth .%.+*ub3ed, +' , A double7blind randomi>ed study on the effects of red clover isoflavones on the endometrium by :ale IE1, :ughes &6, %obboy "D, Agarwal "9, $ievre 3+*ub3ed, +'2, The &hinese herbs "cutellaria baicalensis and 1ritillaria cirrhosa target .1_$ to inhibit proliferation of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells by 9avandi 61, 6ee 6%, $okhari AA, *irog DE, Diang G, Ahmad 9A, "yed L. +*ub3ed, +'8, *ossible mechanism of growth inhibition by "cutellaria baicalensis in an estrogen7responsive mouse tumor cell line by 3urashima T1, 9atayama :, "hoQiro 9, .ishi>awa G+*ub3ed, +'7, The &hinese herbs "cutellaria baicalensis and 1ritillaria cirrhosa target .1_$ to inhibit proliferation of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells by 9avandi 61, 6ee 6%, $okhari AA, *irog DE, Diang G, Ahmad 9A, "yed L. +*ub3ed, +'<, $ufalin, a traditional oriental medicine, induces apoptosis in human cancer cells by Takai .1, 9ira ., /shii T, Goshida T, .ishida 3, .ishida G, .asu 9, .arahara :.+*ub3ed, +'A, $ufalin induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells by Takai .1, !eda T, .ishida 3, .asu 9, .arahara :.+*ub3ed, +-0,Anti7tumor effects of herbal medicines on endometrial carcinomas via estrogen receptor7alpha7related mechanism by 6ian \1, .iwa 9, 5nogi 9, 3ori :, :arrigan %&, Tamaya T+*ub3ed,

+-1, *reventive effect of Du>en7taiho7to on endometrial carcinogenesis in mice is based on "himotsu7to constituent by Tagami 91, .iwa 9, 6ian \, Iao D, 3ori :, Tamaya T.+*ub3ed, +-', &ell proliferation in cancer preventionC effects of preventive agents on estrogen7related endometrial carcinogenesis model and on an in vitro model in human colorectal cells by 3ori :1, .iwa 9, \heng ], Gamada G, "akata 9, Goshimi ..+*ub3ed, +--, Apoptotic effects of Tian76ong compound on endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro by 6i \61, 3orishima ", Tang DT, 5tsuki G. +*ub3ed, 333. Endometrial Cancer 3n Vitamins' Points of View %. Vitamin % Vitamin % is a general term of Litamin A %etinol, retinal, beta7carotene, alpha7carotene, gamma7carotene, and beta7crypto)anthin best known for its functions for vision health and antio)idant scavenger and essential for growth and differentiation of a number of cells and tissues. %ecommended intakes of vitamin A, according to the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies +formerly .ational Academy of "ciences, is 800 ag daily as e)tremely high doses +bA000 mg, can be to)icity as causes of dry, scaly skin, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, bone and Qoint pains, headaches, etc. Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin A in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have been inclusive. 1. $etinols The /stituto di %icerche 1armacologiche 3ario .egr study in dietary intake of carotenoids and retinol showed no association of retinols in reduced risk of endometrial cancer+2,. /n the /shikawa endometrial cancer cell line, %etinoic acid, a metabolite of %etinol inhibited cell proliferation and the e)pression of %A%+retinoic acid receptor, alpha, %A% beta, and %A% gamma in the /shikawa endometrial cancer cell line+8,. The !niversity 1einberg "chool of 3edicine study in assessing the roles of %A and the %A agonist +A32<0, in the growth of endometrial cancer cells, found that both %A and A32<0 markedly inhibited endometrial cancer cell proliferation+7,. 1enofibrate, an agonist of **A%7alpha, potentiated by retinoic acid inhibited I1=" phase progression of endometrial cells through the cell cycle arrest+<,. /n endometrial carcinoma cells line +%6 A27',, %As e)erted its inhibitory effect on the growth of %6 A27' cells through the estrogen pathway in estrogen7responsive endometrial cancer cells+A, or by interfering with the

epidermal growth factor receptor +EI17%, signaling pathway+10,. &. Carotenoids*beta0carotene, al) a0carotene, !amma0carotene and beta0cry)to?ant in+ &arotenoids, plant pigments, converted to vitamin A after intake, play an important role in prevention and treatment of some diseases through it antio)idant effects. The $righam and #omen0s :ospital and :arvard 3edical "chool, study of antio)idants intake and risk of endometrial cancer, found no association between intakes of vitamins A, &, E or carotenoids from foods or supplements and cancer risk+11,. /n a dose7response meta7 analysis, intakes of beta7carotene is associated to an inverse risk of endometrial cancer+1',. The 3edical !niversity of $iacystok study suggested that endometrioid adenocarcinoma may be associated to certain en>ymatic defects in carotenoid metabolism in the course of the neoplastic process or some metabolic modifications+1-,. The population7based case7 control study in "hanghai, &hina of 1,'0 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,'1' age freHuency7matched controls, indicated that dietary macronutrients with endometrial cancer associated to cancer risk may depend on the sources, dietary retinol, beta7carotene may decrease the risk of endometrial cancer+1 ,+12, Taking altogether, without going into reviews, vitamin A may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer through inhibition of cell cycle progression, modification of cells differentiated mechanisms. 5verdoses can lead to to)ic symptoms. *lease make sure you follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, &onference on [3ultidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems[. "ymposium on [.utrition and health[. &ruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancerF epidemiological evidence $G 9im 39, *ark D:+*ub3ed, +', Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Lerhoeven (T, Ioldbohm %A, van *oppel I, Lerhagen :, van den $randt *A+*ub3ed, +-, $rassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van *oppel I, Lerhoeven (T, Lerhagen :, Ioldbohm %A. +*ub3ed, + , 1ruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer riskF a systematic literature review and meta7analysis by $andera EL, 9ushi 6:, 3oore (1, Iifkins

(3, 3c&ullough 36+*ub3ed, +2, (ietary intake of carotenoids and retinol and endometrial cancer risk in an /talian case7control study by *elucchi &1, (al 3aso 6, 3ontella 3, *arpinel 3, .egri E, Talamini %, Iiudice A, 1ranceschi ", 6a Lecchia &. +*ub3ed, +8, E)pression of retinoic acid receptors in human endometrial carcinoma by Tanabe 91, !tsunomiya :, Tamura 3, .iikura :, Takano T, Goshinaga 9, .agase ", "u>uki T, /to 9, 3atsumoto 3, :ayashi ", Gaegashi .+*ub3ed, +7, %etinoic acid inhibits endometrial cancer cell growth via multiple genomic mechanisms by &heng G:1, !tsunomiya :, *avone 3E, Gin *, $ulun "E+*ub3ed, +<, /n vitro and in vivo effects of the **A%7alpha agonists fenofibrate and retinoic acid in endometrial cancer by "aidi "A1, :olland &3, &harnock7 Dones (", "mith "9+*ub3ed, +A, (ivergent effects of retinoic acids on the e)pression of E%alpha and 17beta7hydro)ysteroid dehydrogenase type ' in endometrial carcinoma cells +%6 A27', by 6i ^:1, 6i :, ^iao \D, *iao G".+*ub3ed, +10, %etinoic acid affects the EI17% signaling pathway during differentiation induction of human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells by &arter &A1, "haw $6+*ub3ed, +11, Antio)idant intake and risk of endometrial cancerF results from the .urses0 :ealth "tudy by &ui ^1, %osner $, #illett #&, :ankinson "E+*ub3ed, +1', Antio)idant vitamins and the risk of endometrial cancerF a dose7 response meta7analysis by $andera EL1, Iifkins (3, 3oore (1, 3c&ullough 36, 9ushi 6:.+*ub3ed, +1-, (ietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri by &>ec>uga7"emeniuk E1, #occ>ydski "+*ub3ed, +1 , .utritional factors in relation to endometrial cancerF a report from a population7based case7control study in "hanghai, &hina by ^u #:1, (ai ], ^iang G$, \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5.+*ub3ed, +12, /ntake of selected micronutrients and the risk of endometrial carcinoma by .egri E1, 6a Lecchia &, 1ranceschi ", 6evi 1, *ara>>ini 1.+*ub3ed, B. T e B Vitamin B.#. Vitamin B& Vitamin B& also known as %iboflavin, is a water7soluble, yellow7orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat,

and carbohydrates metabolism and its antio)idant effects in o)idation7 reduction reactions. Epidemiological studies. linking dietary vitamin $' in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have produced inconclusive results. The study of :arvard "chool of *ublic :ealth showed a inverse association of vitamin $' related to the risk of endometrial cancer in a relatively small si>e of study+2,. the co administration of riboflavin + 2 mg=kg bw=day,, niacin +100 mg=kg bw=day, and ascorbic acid +'00 mg=kg bw=day, along with tamo)ifen + 2 mg=kg bw=day,, in e)perimental animals with endometrial cancer bearing rats, e)hibited a significant decrease in the activity of glycolytic en>ymes and a significant increase in the deficient activities of gluconeogenic en>ymes to near normal levels, but not individually+8,. !nfortunately, the study of 1u (an !niversity "chool of *ublic :ealth indicted [no significant association was observed for dietary vitamin $1 or vitamin $' and risk of endometrial cancer[, in a population7based case7 control study of 1,'0 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,'1' age freHuency7matched controls+7,+<,. /n the study of one7carbon metabolism correlated to the incidence of endometrial cancer using '8 years of follow7up data from the .urses0 :ealth "tudy, indicated a no association of endometrial cancer risk with dietary levels of folate, choline, methionine, vitamin $', vitamin $8 or vitamin $1'+A,. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, composited administration of vitamin $' and other micro nutrients such as niacin and ascorbic acid, but not vitamin $' itself may be associated in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer. $ut large e)ample and multi7centers studies are necessary to identify their effectiveness. 5ver doses for a prolong period may cause symptoms of skin rashes, hypersensitivity, high blood pressure etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, &onference on [3ultidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems[. "ymposium on [.utrition and health[. &ruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancerF epidemiological evidence $G 9im 39, *ark D:+*ub3ed, +', Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Lerhoeven (T, Ioldbohm %A, van *oppel I, Lerhagen :, van den $randt *A+*ub3ed,

+-, $rassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van *oppel I, Lerhoeven (T, Lerhagen :, Ioldbohm %A. +*ub3ed, + , 1ruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer riskF a systematic literature review and meta7analysis by $andera EL, 9ushi 6:, 3oore (1, Iifkins (3, 3c&ullough 36+*ub3ed,+2, (iet in relation to endometrial cancer riskF a case7control study in Ireece by *etridou E1, 9edikoglou ", 9oukoulomatis *, (essypris ., Trichopoulos (+*ub3ed, +8, Therapeutic potential of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid on carbohydrate metaboli>ing en>ymes in secondary endometrial carcinoma bearing rats by "undravel "1, "hanthi *, "achdanandam *.+*ub3ed, +7, .utritional factors in relation to endometrial cancerF a report from a population7based case7control study in "hanghai, &hina by ^u #:1, (ai ], ^iang G$, \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5.+*ub3ed, +<, (ietary folate intake, 3T:1% genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among &hinese women by ^u #:1, "hrubsole 3D, ^iang G$, &ai ], \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5. +*ub3ed, B.&. Vitamin B1 Litamin $8, also known as pyrido)ine, is a water soluble vitamin found abundantly in green peas, yams, broccoli, asparagus and turnip greens,*eanuts, sunflower seeds, cashews and ha>elnuts, meat, fish etc., with functions of amino acid, carbohydrate metabolism, brain health, and liver deto)ification, etc. Epidemiological studies linking vitamin $8 in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have been inconclusive, but the composition of vitamin $8 and other micro nutrient have found to be effective in some studies. 5ne7carbon metabolism in '8 years of follow7up data from the .urses0 :ealth "tudy, do not appear to influence endometrial cancer incidence but showed protective effect for women with 3T:1% 877 TT or 3T:1% 1'A< && genotype+1, and a case of case7control study in Ireece, indicated that intkae of %etinol, nicotinic acid, vitamin $7 8, and riboflavin were inversely associated with the disease+',. $ut in a study between 1AA7 and '00-, 1,'0 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,'1' controls recruited among women between the ages of -0 and 8A years in urban "hanghai, &hina, showed dietary intake of vitamin $8 was not related to risk of endometrial cancer for women with en>yme 2,107methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase +3T:1%,, encoded by the

3T:1% gene+-,. (ue to small si>e of some studies, some researchers suggested that large e)ample si>e and multi centers studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness of any micro nutrient in endometrial cancer risk. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, the composition of vitamin $8 and other micro nutrients may be effective in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer. 5ver doses may induced the symptoms of difficulty coordinating movement, numbness, sensory changes, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. C inese 7ecrets To Fatty 2i4er %nd 6besity $e4ersal !se The %evolutionary 1indings To Achieve 5ptimal :ealth And 6oose #eight 5varian &ysts And *&5" Elimination :olistic "ystem /n E)istence That #ill "how Gou :ow To *ermanently Eliminate All Types of 5varian &ysts #ithin ' 3onths $ack to %esearched articles 7 *oints of view of Litamins, 1oods and :erbs httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca=p=blog7page`' .html $ack to 9yle D. .orton :ome page httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca $eferences +1, 5ne7carbon metabolism factors and endometrial cancer risk by 6iu DD1, :a>ra A, Iiovannucci E, :ankinson "E, %osner $, (e Livo /.+*ub3ed, +',(iet in relation to endometrial cancer riskF a case7control study in Ireece by *etridou E1, 9edikoglou ", 9oukoulomatis *, (essypris ., Trichopoulos (.+*ub3ed, +-, (ietary folate intake, 3T:1% genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among &hinese women by ^u #:1, "hrubsole 3D, ^iang G$, &ai ], \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5. +*ub3ed, B.,. Folate 1olate, also known as folic acid, vitamin $A, is a water soluble vitamin, found abundantly in leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, whole grain, etc. The vitamin plays an important role in synthesi>e, repair, and methylate (.A as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions, production of red blood cells for anemia prevention.

Epidemiological studies, focusing 1olate receptor alpha +1%A, in diagnosis of risk and dietary in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have been inconclusive. 1olate receptor alpha +1%A, can be overe)pressed by a number of epithelial7derived tumors including ovarian, breast, renal, lung, colorectal, and brain, the study emphasi>ed the correlation of the receptor e)pression in endometrial cancer showed no significant difference in women with endometrial cancer after chemotherapy+1, but an associated growth advantage, rather than the process of tumorigenesis resulting in aberrant e)pression of 1%A per se.+',. $ut in [high risk[ endometrial carcinomas, 3oderate=strong 1%alpha staining was significantly associated with other poor prognostic factors includingF advanced stage, nonendometrioid histology and high grade of the diseases+-, 5ne7carbon metabolism dietary factors, including levels of folate, choline, methionine, vitamin $', vitamin $8 or vitamin $1', do not effect the endometrial incidence+ ,. $ut in Type / and // endometrial cancer study, intake of use of supplements containing folate and vitamins $', $8, and $1' was associated with an increased risk of type // endometrial cancer.+2,. The 1olate +156, mediated poly7lactide7co7glycolide7polyethylene glycol nanoparticles +1567*EI7*6IA .*s, bearing paclita)el +*T^,, was found to be effective in indcution of cytoto)icity against :E&71A cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, through possibly induced apoptosis+8,. The Qoint study of the effects of dietary folate and other methyl7related nutrients, as well as three polymorphisms of 3T:1% +877&bT, 1'A<Ab&, and 17A-IbA,, on endometrial cancer risk among women between the ages of -0 and 8A years in urban "hanghai, &hina, showed an inverse association of folate intake and risk of endometrial cancer and modufied effects in women with encode gene 3T:1% polymorphisms+plays a role in processing amino acids, the building blocks of proteins,+7,. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, dietary folate may associate to reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer, but multi centers studies are necessary to validate its effectiveness with large e)ample si>e. 5verdoses of folate may cause stomach problems, sleep problems, skin reactions, sei>ures, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, 1olate receptor alpha +1%A, e)pression remains unchanged in epithelial ovarian and endometrial cancer after chemotherapy by (espierre E1,

6ambrechts ", 6eunen 9, $erteloot *, .even *, Amant 1, 50"hannessy (D, "omers E$, Lergote /.+*ub3ed, +', E)pression of folate receptor7e +1%A, in gynecologic malignancies and its relationship to the tumor type by 50"hannessy (D1, "omers E$, "male %, 1u G".+*ub3ed, +-, %ationale for folate receptor alpha targeted therapy in [high risk[ endometrial carcinomas. $rown Dones 31, .euper &, &layton A, 3ariani A, 9onecny I, Thomas 3$, 9eeney I, :artmann 6, *odrat> 9&.+*ub3ed, + , 5ne7carbon metabolism factors and endometrial cancer risk by 6iu DD1, :a>ra A, Iiovannucci E, :ankinson "E, %osner $, (e Livo /.+*ub3ed, +2, (ietary and supplemental intake of one7carbon nutrients and the risk of type / and type // endometrial cancerF a prospective cohort study by !ccella "1, 3ariani A, #ang A:, Lierkant %A, %obien 9, Anderson 9E, &erhan D%.+*ub3ed, +8, /mproved therapeutic effect of folate7decorated *6IA7*EI nanoparticles for endometrial carcinoma by 6iang &1, Gang G, 6ing G, :uang G, 6i T, 6i ^.+*ub3ed, +7, (ietary folate intake, 3T:1% genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among &hinese women by ^u #:1, "hrubsole 3D, ^iang G$, &ai ], \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5+*ub3ed, B.-. Vitamin B#& Vitamin B#&, also known as cobalamin, a water7soluble vitamin, found abundantly in a variety of foods, such as fish, shellfish, meat, eggs, dairy products, etc. plays an important role in regulating the functions of nervous system and formation of blood. Epidemiological studies, focusing vitamin $1' in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have produced inconsistent results, but in certain studies, vitamin $1' composted with other micro nutrients was found to be effective. .euroto)icity caused by *aclita)el=carboplatin chemotherapy for cancer +T& therapy, may induce peripheral neuropathy, the study of IoshaQinkigan +a traditional Dapanese herbal medicine, composed with vitamin $1', showed to inhibit the progression of peripheral neuropathy, thus alleviating the symptoms of endometrial cancer+1,. 5ne7carbon metabolism, vitamin $1' showed no influence endometrial cancer risk but for women with with the 3T:1% 877 TT or 3T:1% 1'A< && genotype, the dietary factors

including vitamin $1' are associated to the protective effect against endometrial cancer+',. (ue to the influence of 1olate, methionine, vitamin $+8, and vitamin $+1', in the one7carbon metabolism pathway which is critical for (.A synthesis, methylation and repair some researchers suggested that intake of these nutrients may be associated with an reduced risk of breast, colon and endometrial cancers+-,. Taking altogether. without going into reviews, vitamin $1' composed with other micronutrients may be efective in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer but large e)ample si>e are necessary to validate their claims. 5ver doses of the vitamin may induce symptoms of to)icity, including headache, giddiness and abnormal heart functioning, etc., please make sure to follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, 5bQective evaluation of the alleviating effects of IoshaQinkigan on peripheral neuropathy induced by paclita)el=carboplatin therapyF A multicenter collaborative study by 9aku :1, 9umagai ", 5noue :, Takada A, "hoQi T, 3iura 1, Goshi>aki A, "ato ", 9igawa D, Arai T, Tsunoda ", Tominaga E, Aoki (, "ugiyama T.+*ub3ed, +', 5ne7carbon metabolism factors and endometrial cancer risk by 6iu DD1, :a>ra A, Iiovannucci E, :ankinson "E, %osner $, (e Livo /.+*ub3ed, +-, 1olate, vitamin $+8, , vitamin $+1', , methionine and alcohol intake in relation to ovarian cancer risk by :arris :%1, &ramer (#, Litonis A1, (e*ari 3, Terry 96.+*ub3ed, C. Vitamin C Litamin &, also known as 67ascorbic acid, is a water7soluble vitamin, found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. /t is best known for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating o)idi>ed 4itamin E for immune support. The incidence of endometrial cancer among white women are higher in comparison of black. According to the statistic, the risk of endometrial cancer among women is 1 in 7000. Every year, about 0,000 women in !" are diagnosed with the disease. #omen who carry certain mutation genes, such as $%&A1 or the $%&A' are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer.

The !niversity of 5tago, may have found a link of low ascorbate levels and increased activation of the :/171 pathway to endometrial cancer. #omen who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer with low levels of ascorbate were found to have a elevated LEI1+a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis,, I6!T71+E)pression levels of I6!T1 in cell membranes are increased by reduced glucose levels and decreased by increased glucose levels,, and $./*-+a potent inducer of a"to) a!y in many cells, protein levels and with increased tumor si>e+-,. %eactive o)ygen species+%5", are responsible for proteasome inhibitor7 induced cell killing, vitamin & is found to inhibit cell death through blocking the triggering proteasome inhibition+ ,. A combination including riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid, caused a significant decrease in the activity of glycolytic en>ymes and a significant increase in the activities of gluconeogenic en>ymes to near normal levels in e)perimental animals and may be considered as potential agent against tamo)ifen mediated secondary endometrial carcinoma+2, and intake of vitamin & is associated to reduced risk of endometrial cancer+8,. /n secondary endometrial carcinoma bearing rat, the combination of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid e)hibited their effects against tamo)ifen mediated endometrial carcinoma, through a significant decrease in the activity of glycolytic en>ymes+promoting continuous transport of glucose into the cell,+7,. /n a cultured human endometrial adenocarcinoma +A.-&A, cells, another combination of application of sodium ascorbate +Litamin &, and '7methyl71, 7naphthoHuinone +Litamin 9-, stimulated cytoto)icity through the formation of reactive o)ygen radicals, possibly accentuated by less defined secondary mechanisms+<,. the study of the composition of ascorbic acid, pyruvic acid and the activity of malate dehydrogenase decarbo)yli>ing +3(:(,, also showed the increased reduced form of ascorbic and pyruvic acid in malignant growth+A,. Taking altogether, the combination of vitamin & and others may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer through inhibition of cell cycle, and other mechanisms. (aily ingestion of high7dose vitamin & may be considered safe, but in rare incidence, overdoses in a prolonged period of time, may cause intra7renal o)alate crystal deposition, a fatal nephroto)icity+10,+11,. $eferences

+1, %isk of endometrial cancer in relation to individual nutrients from diet and supplements by $iel %91, &si>madi /, &ook 6", &ourneya 9", 3agliocco A3, 1riedenreich &3.+*ub3ed, +', .utritional factors in relation to endometrial cancerF a report from a population7based case7control study in "hanghai, &hina by ^u #:1, (ai ], ^iang G$, \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5.+*ub3ed, +-, 6ow ascorbate levels are associated with increased hypo)ia7inducible factor71 activity and an aggressive tumor phenotype in endometrial cancer by 9uiper &1, 3olenaar /I, (achs I!, &urrie 3D, "ykes *:, Lissers 3&+*ub3ed,, + , Antio)idants block proteasome inhibitor function in endometrial carcinoma cells by 6lobet (1, EritQa ., Encinas 3, "orolla A, Geramian A, "choenenberger DA, 6lombart7&ussac A, 3arti %3, 3atias7Iuiu ^, (olcet ^.+*ub3ed, +2, Therapeutic potential of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid on carbohydrate metaboli>ing en>ymes in secondary endometrial carcinoma bearing rats by "undravel "1, "hanthi *, "achdanandam *.+*ub3ed, +8, Antio)idant vitamins and the risk of endometrial cancerF a dose7response meta7analysis. $andera EL1, Iifkins (3, 3oore (1, 3c&ullough 36, 9ushi 6:+*ub3ed, +7, Therapeutic potential of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid on carbohydrate metaboli>ing en>ymes in secondary endometrial carcinoma bearing rats by "undravel "1, "hanthi *, "achdanandam *.+*ub3ed, +<, Effects of sodium ascorbate +vitamin &, and '7methyl71, 7 naphthoHuinone +vitamin 9-, treatment on human tumor cell growth in vitro. //. "ynergism with combined chemotherapy action by (e 6oecker #1, Danssens D, $onte D, Taper :".+*ub3ed, +A, MAscorbic, keto and hydro)y acid metabolism in the cell nuclei of certain tumorsN.MArticle in %ussianN by %omanovich EA, $asieva 1/.+*ub3ed, +10, 1atal vitamin &7associated acute renal failure by 3c:ugh ID, Iraber 36, 1reebairn %&.+*ub3ed, +11, Ascorbic acid overdosingF a risk factor for calcium o)alate nephrolithiasis by !rivet>ky 3, 9essaris (, "mith A(.+*ub3ed, (. Vitamin ( Vitamin ( is a fat7soluble secosteroids found in small amount in few foods, including salmon, mackerel, sardines and tuna. The vitamin plays an important role in modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis induction,

tumor growth suppression and promotion in absorption of minerals, including calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and >inc. Epidemiological studies foscusing in the level of circulating '27 hydro)yvitamin ( +'2+5:,( and dietary vitamin ( in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have been inconclusive. A nested case7control study, including <-0 cases and AA' controls from 7 cohorts showed that there was no association between '2+5:,( concentration and disease risk, after adQustment for body mass inde)+1,. The analysis of the effect of '2+5:,( and total dietary vitamin ( intake used the &o) proportional ha>ards model, also indiacted no protection against the development of endometrial cancer with intake of vitamin (+1a, and in an obese animal model, inhibited obesity7induced increase in endometrial lesions but not endometrial cancer risk+1b,. $ut the study of The &ancer %egistry of .orway, /nstitute of *opulation7based &ancer %esearch, indicated that a serum level of '275:( around 20 nmol=6 appears to be a threshold level, lower serum levels of '27 5:( may be associated to cancer due to several mechanisms. including Litamin ( supplementation could retard the disease process or prolong survival time+',+-,. 5ther in the study of the effects of progesterone, calcitriol, and their combination on immortali>ed human endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial cancer cells, showed a sgnificant increased levels of circulating '27hydro)yvitamin ( +'2+5:,( and inhibition of cell proliferation through caspase7- activation and induction of I07I1 cell7cycle arrest with associated downregulation of cyclins (1 and (- and p'7 induction+ ,. /n the differentiation of serum '27hydro)yvitamin ( +'2+5:,(, concentrations with incidence and=or mortality rates for about '0 types of cancer and improved survival rates for eight types of cancer, suggested that both measurements of serum '2+5:,( concentrations and increasing serum '2+5:,( concentrations should be considered of those diagnosed with cancer, of that may improved survival rates and reduced disparities+2,. The e)pression of "E3A-$, "E3A-1+secreted proteins that regulate angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis,, are found to be lower in women with endometrial cancer, due tothe the loss of "E3As in contribution to the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer cells, 7' hours treatment with conbination of progesterone +* , and 1,'27 dihydro)yvitamin (+-, M1,'2+5:,+',(+-,N showed a a significant upregulation of "E3A-$ and "E3A-1 and inhibited growth of cancer cells by increasing caspase7- activity+8,. Taking altogether, without going into reviews, vitamin ( and high levels of

circulating '27hydro)yvitamin ( +'2+5:,( may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer through certain mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest, upregaulation induced apoptotic and anti proliferative e)pressions. 5ver doses of vitamin ( supplement may cause e)cessive calcium absorption, calcification, !rinary stones etc. please make sure to follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, &irculating '27hydro)yvitamin ( and risk of endometrial cancerF &ohort &onsortium Litamin ( *ooling *roQect of %arer &ancers by \eleniuch7 DacHuotte A1, Iallicchio 6, :artmuller L, :el>lsouer 9D, 3c&ullough 36, "etiawan L#, "hu ^5, #einstein "D, #eiss D3, Arslan AA, (e Livo /, Iao GT, :ayes %$, :enderson $E, :orst %6, 9oenig 96, *atel AL, *urdue 3*, "nyder 9, "teplowski E, Gu 9, \heng #, :ankinson "E. +*ub3ed, +1a, *rospective analysis of vitamin ( and endometrial cancer risk by 6iu DD1, $ertrand 9A, 9arageorgi ", Iiovannucci E, :ankinson "E, %osner $, 3a)well 6, %odrigue> I, (e Livo /.+*ub3ed, +1b, (ietary vitamin ( e)posure prevents obesity7induced increase in endometrial cancer in *tenf=7 mice by Gu #1, &line 3, 3a)well 6I, $errigan (, %odrigue> I, #arri A, :ilakivi7&larke 6.+*ubmed, +', The /nverse %elationship between '27:ydro)yvitamin ( and &ancer "urvivalF (iscussion of &ausation by %obsahm TE1, "chwart> II, Tretli ". +*ub3ed, +-, "easonal vitamin ( changes and the impact on health risk assessment by %osecrans %1, (ohnal D&+*ub3ed, + , *rogesterone enhances calcitriol antitumor activity by upregulating vitamin ( receptor e)pression and promoting apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells by 6ee 6%1, Teng *., .guyen :, :ood $6, 9avandi 6, #ang I, Turbov D3, Thaete 6I, :amilton &A, 3a)well I6, %odrigue> I&, &onrads T*, "yed L.+*ub3ed, +2, (ifferences in vitamin ( status may account for une)plained disparities in cancer survival rates between African and white Americans by Irant #$, *eiris A..+*ub3ed, +8, *rogesterone and 1,'27dihydro)yvitamin ( inhibit endometrial cancer cell growth by upregulating semaphorin -$ and semaphorin -1 by .guyen :1, /vanova L", 9avandi 6, %odrigue> I&, 3a)well I6, "yed L.+*ub3ed, E. Vitamin E Litamin E, a fat soluble vitamin, consisting eight different variants +alpha7,

beta7, gamma7, and delta7tocopherol and alpha7, beta7, gamma7, and delta7 tocotrienol, with varying levels of biological activity+',, found abundantly in corn oil, soybean oil, margarine, wheat germ oil, sunflower,safflower oils, etc. plays an important role in neurological functions and inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of en>ymatic activity, free radical scavenger, etc.. Antio)idants in epidemiological evidences, are associated to reduced risk of endometrial cancer caused by (.A damage have been controversial. /n dose7response meta7analyse, study suggested that dietary intakes of beta7 carotene, vitamin &, and vitamin E from food sources, consisted an inverse relationship of endometrial cancer risk+2,+8,. The study association between intakes of selected food groups and nutrients with E& risk among 2 1 women with histologically confirmed E& and 2 1 women with an intact uterus and noncancer diagnoses seen at %oswell *ark &ancer /nstitute between 1A<' and 1AA<, indicated that intake of vegetable dietary vitamin E are associated with decreased risk of E&+7,+<,+A,. $ut in the study of /nstituto de $iotecnologYa y de $iomedicina with endometrial cells incubated at several hydrogen pero)ide concentrations, alpha7tocopherol included in liposomes +1.8 microg, found no antio)idant effect detected in cells in culture+7, Taking altogether, vitamin E may be effective in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer, but large e)ample si>e and muticenter studies are necessary to validate its effectiveness. 5ver doses of vitamin E supplement can cause symptoms of blurred vision, weakness, di>>iness, nausea, diarrhea, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the /nstitute of 3edicine of the .ational Academies. $eferences +1, &onference on [3ultidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems[. "ymposium on [.utrition and health[. &ruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancerF epidemiological evidence $G 9im 39, *ark D:+*ub3ed, +', Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Lerhoeven (T, Ioldbohm %A, van *oppel I, Lerhagen :, van den $randt *A+*ub3ed, +-, $rassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van *oppel I, Lerhoeven (T, Lerhagen :, Ioldbohm %A. +*ub3ed,

+ , 1ruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer riskF a systematic literature review and meta7analysis by $andera EL, 9ushi 6:, 3oore (1, Iifkins (3, 3c&ullough 36+*ub3ed, +2, Antio)idant vitamins and the risk of endometrial cancerF a dose7 response meta7analysis by $andera EL1, Iifkins (3, 3oore (1, 3c&ullough 36, 9ushi 6:+*ub3ed, +8, :igher intakes of vegetables and vegetable7related nutrients are associated with lower endometrial cancer risks. by Geh 31, 3oysich 9$, Dayaprakash L, %odabaugh 9D, Iraham ", $rasure D%, 3c&ann "E+*ub3ed, +7, :igher intakes of vegetables and vegetable7related nutrients are associated with lower endometrial cancer risks by Geh 31, 3oysich 9$, Dayaprakash L, %odabaugh 9D, Iraham ", $rasure D%, 3c&ann "E+*ub3ed, +<, .utritional factors in relation to endometrial cancerF a report from a population7based case7control study in "hanghai, &hina by ^u #:1, (ai ], ^iang G$, \hao I3, %uan \^, &heng D%, \heng #, "hu ^5.+*ub3ed, +A, /ntake of selected micronutrients and the risk of endometrial carcinoma by .egri E1, 6a Lecchia &, 1ranceschi ", 6evi 1, *ara>>ini 1.+*ub3ed, +10, Antio)idant activity of .7acetylcysteine, flavonoids and alpha7 tocopherol on endometrial cells in culture by Estany "1, *alacio D%, $arnadas %, "abes 3, /borra A, 3artYne> *+*ub3ed, C inese 7ecrets To Fatty 2i4er %nd 6besity $e4ersal !se The %evolutionary 1indings To Achieve 5ptimal :ealth And 6oose #eight 64arian Cysts %nd PC67 Elimination :olistic "ystem /n E)istence That #ill "how Gou :ow To *ermanently Eliminate All Types of 5varian &ysts #ithin ' 3onths $ack to %esearched articles 7 *oints of view of Litamins, 1oods and :erbs httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca=p=blog7page`' .html $ack to 9yle D. .orton :ome page httpF==kyleQnorton.blogspot.ca *lease .ote that all articles written by 9yle D. .orton are for information E education only, please consult your (octor E %elated field specialist before applying

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