CE-4004: Strength of Materials-II Deflection of beams 1.

0 Moment-Area Method Moment-area method is one of the most effective methods for obtaining the bending displacements in beams. As the name suggests in this method !e shall use the area of the bending moment diagram for computing the slope and deflections at particular points along the a"is of the beam. In fact moment area method includes t!o theorems. Sometimes the# are also called Mohr$s theorems. As usual !e shall consider the follo!ing t!o basic assumptions in deriving the theorems. %. Material of beam is linearl# elastic. &. Slope at an# point is small. Theorem-1: 'he difference in slope bet!een an# t!o points on the elastic curve of a beam is e(ual to the area of the M)EI diagram bet!een these t!o points. *et us consider a part of an elastic curve of a loaded beam as sho!n in fig. % +a,. -n this elastic curve let us choose t!o points A and .. 'he tangent at point A ma/es an angle 0 A !ith "-a"is and tangent at point . ma/es an angle 0 . !ith "-a"is. 'hen 0A and 0. are the slopes of the elastic curve at points A and . respectivel#. *et 0.A be the difference in slope +or change in slope, bet!een these t!o points A and .. 'hen 0.A 1 0. - 0A 2 2 +%, 3e are interested to find out 0.A. 'he M)EI diagram +i.e. bending moment at an# point divided b# the fle"ural rigidit# EI of the beam, corresponding to the above elastic curve is sho!n in fig %+b,. 'o find out 0.A let us consider an infinitesimal segment 45 of the elastic curve at a distance " from the origin. *et the arc length 45 is ds and corresponding "-increment is d". *et us dra! tangents at 4 and 5 and let us denote change in angle bet!een these tangents as d0. 'he normal to the tangents at 4 and 5 !ill meet at the point C !hich is the centre of curvature. Included angle bet!een these normal !ill be d0. If !e ta/e 6 as the radius of curvature then . d = ds = d" d % = d" as ds d" 2 2 +&,

.ut from the fle"ural formula +i.e. bending formula, !e /no! M E = I or % M = EI 2 2 +7,

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E(uating e(ns. +&, and +7, !e get d M = d" EI or d = M d" EI 2 2 +4,

'he difference in slope or change in slope bet!een the points A and . can then be obtained b# integrating e(n +4, bet!een A and .. 'hus 0.A 1 0. - 0A 1

d =

M d" EI

+:,

In the above e(n +:, M)EI is the ordinate for the strip of !idth d" in the M)EI diagram. . M M . d" is the area of the strip and then d" represents the area of M)EI diagram ;ence A EI EI bet!een the t!o points A and .. So change in slope bet!een the points A and . 1 0 .A 1 0. - 0A 1 Area of M)EI diagram bet!een these points. Theorem-2: If A and . are t!o points on the elastic curve the vertical distance of point . from the tangent dra!n to the elastic curve at point A is e(ual to the moment of M)EI diagram bet!een these t!o points about the point .. 'he distance dt along the vertical line through point . see fig %+a, is nearl# e(ual to dt 1 "% . d0 !here "% 1 hori<ontal distance of segment 45 from point ..

Integration of dt bet!een the points A and . #ields the vertical distance t .A bet!een the point . and the tangent from point A on the elastic curve. 'hus t .A =

" % d

Substituting d0 from the e(n +4, t .A = Since

"%

M d" EI

+=,

M d" represents the area of the strip in M)EI diagram and " % represents its EI distance from the point . the integral on the right hand side of the e(n +=, can be interpreted as the moment of area under M)EI diagram bet!een the points A and . about the point .. 'hus the theorem-& is proved. Sign Conventions: .ending moment is positive or negative according to usual sign convention. Area of M)EI diagram is an algebraic (uantit#. 'he area of M)EI diagram is given positive or negative sign depending on !hether bending moment is positive or negative. ;o!ever sign convention is generall# ignored and onl# absolute values are considered for slope and deflection.

888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 9eflection of beam 4age & of 7

2.0 Area and centroidal distance for parabola.

888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 9eflection of beam 4age 7 of 7