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Asian Forest: Status and Concerns Policy Platforms for Forest Conservation and Management Sustainable Development Forest Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Does Biodiversity Always Directly Relate to Sustainable Development Patterns of Biodiversity Utilization Conclusion
Several Countries in Asia are Mega Centers of Biodiversity: ExampleIndia- 2-4% global area; 7-8% of recorded species of the world Indonesia: 1.3% of global area; 17% unique species
Total Forest Area in Asia Almost the Same 15 Years Ago; Concern: Rapid Decrease in Area of Primary Forest
Deforestation Continue to Increase: In Asia Net Loss Offset by Increased Afforestation in China
Increase in Areas Designated for Conservation of Biological Diversity and for Protective Purpose
Carbon in Living Biomass (Gt) Regions 1990 East Asia South and Southeast Asia Total Asia Total Africa Total South American 7.2 32.3 2000 8.4 25.5 2005 9.1 21.8
Wood Removal in Asian Forests has Decreased Over the last 15 Years but NWFPs have Increased
Productive Function:
Significant decrease in forest areas Designated as production forest. Slowly being replaced by plantation Forest Concern: Stability of production of Plantation Forest as generally monocultures
Protective Function
Increased forest areas designated as protection forests- increased awareness of forest role in soil and water conservation Forest plantations designated as protection forests increasing in India, China, Thailand and Vietnam
Socio-Economic Functions
Value of total wood removals decreased for Asia due to lower values reported from Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Significant increase in the value of NWFPs in the form of food, exudates, ornamental plants bushmeat and other products.
Trend towards conserving and managing forests for its multiple uses Trend towards increasing devolution through community-based forest management or co-management
International Processes
Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) and the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF)- forum to discuss varying issues on forest and forest management. United Nations Forum on Forests- to develop a legal framework on all forests A significant output is on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
International Community Concerned with Loss in Forests; Tied up to loss in biodiversity; Loss of Indigenous knowledge woven into culture and materials comprising biodiversity; Its impacts on productive, protective and socioeconomic and regenerative capacity of the forest itself; Climate change and overall impact on sustainable development
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Sustainable Development
A complex, multi-dimensional, time-determined and highly contextual state or condition adhering to the basic principle that the natural resource base must be utilized in a manner that its ability to provide current and future goods and services useful to human society is not impaired. It is a type of development which is economically viable, environmentally appropriate and socially acceptable.
Figure 1. Conceptual model of the relationship between biodiversity and sustainable development
Natural Resources
Technological
Sustainable Development
Biodiversity