Differential Equations

(Mathematics-3)
Prepared By-
Rootvesh S Mehta
Sapan Shah
26/5/2010,General,Maths-3
1
Unit-1
Basics of Differential Equations
Definition-
Differential Equation -- A differential equation is an
equation containing an unknown function
and its derivatives. Examples are
n unknown function
and its derivatives.
26/5/2010,General,Maths-3
2
4
3
3
6 3
d y dy
y
dx dx
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
2
2
0
y y
x x
c c
+ =
c c
Differential equations can be classified in two parts
(1) Ordinary differential equations
(2) Partial differential equations
An Ordinary differential equation is an equation which
involves ordinary derivatives .
Is an example of O.D.E
A partial differential equation is an equation which
involves partial derivatives . Is an
example of P.D.E
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 3
2
2
0
y y
x x
c c
+ =
c c
4
3
3
6 3
d y dy
y
dx dx
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
Order of Differential Equation
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General
The order of the differential equation is order of the highest
derivative in the differential equation.
Differential Equation ORDER
3 2 + = x
dx
dy
0 9 3
2
2
= + + y
dx
dy
dx
y d
3 6
4
3
3
= +
|
.
|

\
|
+ y
dx
dy
dx
y d
1
2
3
4
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 5
Degree of Differential Equation
Differential Equation Degree
0 3
2
2
= + + ay
dx
dy
dx
y d
3 6
4
3
3
= +
|
.
|

\
|
+ y
dx
dy
dx
y d
0 3
5
3
2
2
= +
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
dx
dy
dx
y d
1
1
3
The degree of a differential equation is power of the highest
order derivative term in the differential equation.
Definition--The solution of a differential equation is a
function which satisfies given equation
types of solutions of differential equations
1) General solution
2) Particular Solution
, 6
Solution of a differential equation
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General
General Solution- The solution of differential equation
is called general if the no. of arbitrary constants equals to
the order of differential equation
Particular solution- If we assign particular value to arbitrary
constant in general solution then it is called particular
solution
Example - y=3x+c is solution of the 1
st
order differential
equation ,here its a general solution .
Now ,if we take c=5 in y=3x+c then its a particular
solution.
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 7
3 =
dx
dy
Formation of Differential equation
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 8
We can form differential equation using following steps
I. Construct function from given data
II. Differentiate as many times as the no. of arbitrary
constants given and eliminate that all arbitrary constants.
Example-Find the differential equation from y=ax-a
2
Solution Here we have
y=ax-a
2
___{1}. Here we have only one
arbitrary constant a .
Now, Differentiating w.r.to x we get dy/dx =a _____{2}
From Eq.---1 and Eq.2 we get
Which is the required differential
equation
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 9
, 0
2
= +
|
.
|

\
|
y
dx
dy
x
dx
dy
Exercise- Construct a differential equation of
the circle having radius a and centre
origin.
Solution of first order and first degree differential equation
Definition A differential equation having first order and
first degree is called first order and first degree
differential equation
The general form of first order and first degree is
M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy
Or
dy/dx = f(x,y) .
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 10
(A) Separable variable differential equations
(B) Equations reducible to separable variable
(C) Homogenous differential equations
(D) Exact Differential equations
(E) Non Exact differential equations
(F) Linear differential equations
(G)Bernoulli Differential equations
25/5/2010,Maths-3,General 11
We will solve following types of O.D.E of first order and first
Degree
Thank You