Rn20111en14gln0 Amr

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1 Nokia Siemens Networks CN20111EN14GLN0
BSSPAR2: Chapter 1
AMR
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Describe the AMR codecs for FR and HR
Explain the parameters for defining codec sets and codec selection
Describe how link adaptation is done between codecs
Explain Separate AMR UL/DL thresholds feature (S13)
Explain Robust AMR signaling feature (S13)
Explain codec changes that are possible during intra and internal handover
Describe the thresholds available for handover and power control of AMR calls
Explain the principle of packing/unpacking and related parameters
Explain Radio link timeout parameters for AMR calls
Explain parameters for AMR Progressive Power Control feature
Explain the Wideband AMR feature (S14)
Explain AMR Unpacking Optimization feature (S14)
Module Objectives
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Speech & Channel Coding
Channel gross bit-rate is 22.8 kbit/s in GSM FR/EFR:
13 kbit/s speech coding and
9.8 kbit/channel coding
(HR channel gross bit rate 11.4 kbit/s)
In the AMR case, codec mode can be changed and more error correction bits can be used
whenever channel requires
0
5
10
15
20
25
FR
12.2
FR
10.2
FR
7.95
FR7.4 FR6.7 FR5.9 FR
5.15
FR
4.75
HR
7.95
HR7.4 HR6.7 HR5.9 HR
5.15
HR
4.75
AMR codec mode
C
h
a
n
n
e
l

b
i
t
-
r
a
t
e

(
k
b
i
t
/
s
)Channel coding
Speech coding
7.4
5.9
5.15
4.75
12.2
7.95
5.9
4.75
HO
HO
Current Full Rate &
AMR Half Rate
AMR Full Rate
Base Station Cell Coverage
HO
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AMR Introduction
AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) consists of a family of codecs with different bit-rates
operating in GSM FR and HR
The aim is to improve channel (FR/HR) quality by adapting the most appropriate
channel codec based on current radio condition
Codec mode adaptation (link adaptation) is based on received channel quality in
both MS and BTS
The basic AMR codec mode sets for MS and BTS are provided by BSC via layer 3
signalling
MS shall support all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech
codec modes are used during a call
New GSM standard based voice coding in phone and network. Implementation in
radio network and phone is needed to realize the benefits.
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AMR Speech Codecs
Voice quality
Robustness
AMR codecs:
8 for Full rate and 6 for Half Rate:
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
No Errors 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
EFR
AMR FR
AMR Full Rate performance compared to
Full Rate EFR in Clean Speech
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
No Errors 19 dB C/I 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I
FR
AMR HR
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
AMR Half Rate performance compared to
Full Rate in Clean Speech
Full Rate Half rate
EFR 12.2
10.2
7.95 7.95
(*)
IS 136 7.4 7.4
6.7 6.7
5.9 5.9
5.15 5.15
4.75 4.75
Speech bit rate
(*)Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU
Not supported by NSN BSS
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speech
coding
chan.
coding
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time[s]
[
d
B
]
C/I EFR operation AMR mode
12.2 kbit/s
7.95 kbit/s
6.70 kbit/s
5.90 kbit/s
AMR
M d
C/I
AMR FR codec mode adaptation example
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Abis Link Capacity
When introducing AMR HR it is recommended to upgrade the TRXSIG from 16 kbps to 32
kbps
With 6 FR TCH and 1 SDCCH/8, there are 18 radio channels which can be supported by 16kbps
signalling
With HR activated, the number of radio channels can go upto 24. In this case with 16kbps, HR
configuration is recommended to be restricted
BCCH TRX: BCCH + SDCCH/8 + 4 dual rate TCH + 2 FR TCH = 18 radio channels
Non BCCH TRX: SDCCH/8 + 3 dual rate TCH + 4 FR TCH = 18 radio channels
Beyond 18 radio channels, it is recommended to have 32 kbps signalling to support HR signalling. This
also allows the use of Dynamic SDCCH along with HR without exceeding the TRXSIG capacity
We need to modify the channel type to TCHD (Dual Rate) so that each pair of bits corresponding to a
timeslot on the air interface is used dynamically for either one FR Traffic Channel (16kbps) or two HR
Traffic Channel (2 x 8kbps)
Major part of TRXSIG load in BSC-BTS direction is caused by paging msgs
Major part of TRXSIG load in BTS-BSC direction is caused by measurements results (when on a
TCH or SDCCH, MS sends a meas res (47 bytes) every SACCH frame period (480 msec)).
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SlowAMRLAEnabled
N= 40 ms (ETSI)
Y= 480 ms (NSN)
CODECModeSet
Codec x4
InitCodecMode
0= Second most robust
1= Start mode
StartMode
= 1 of 4 codecs to start
CODEC INITIAL SELECTION
InitAMRchannelrate
1= any rate
2= AMR FR only
AMRConflnhandovers
1= Current Multirate
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade & Upgrade
FRTx1 and HRTx1
C/I threshold1
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
LINK ADAPTATION
HO THRESHOLDS
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
12.2
7.4
5.9
4.75
CODEC HO SETTINGS
BTS LOAD
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
CHANNEL TYPE FOR INTRA and INTERNAL HOs
FRTx2 and HRTx2
C/I threshold2
FRTx3 and HRTx3
C/I threshold3
FRH1 and HRH1
C/I hysteresis1
FRH2 and HRH2
C/I hysteresis2
FRH3 and HRH3
C/I hysteresis3
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
(Intra cell HO-Channel Mode)
ARLT= Radio Link
Timeout for AMR calls
AHRU (BSC) or AFRU (BTS)
If Qual>IHRF
then FR->HR (Packing)
PACK AND UNPACK
GENERAL
AHRL (BSC) or AFRL (BTS)
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
If IHRH<Qual
then HR->FR (Unpacking)
LDRF and LDRH
PC Lower Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
POWER CONTROL
LURF and LURH
PC Lower Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
UDRF and UDRH
PC Upper Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
UURF and UURH
PC Upper Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
BTS LOAD
2G AMR Parameters (S14) - Overview
UL & DL
AHRLT= Radio Link
Timeout for AMR HR calls
AMR PPC Parameters
UNPACKING OPTIMIZATION
WIDEBAND AMR
intra HO low rx level limit AMR HR
intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR
AMR-WB Thresholds
AMR-WB Hysteresis
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Link Adaptation in AMR
Codec Mode Adaptation is the capability of AMR feature to vary the codec used
according to the link conditions
Both network, for uplink, and MS, for downlink, measure the radio conditions in each
link and take decisions on which codec should be applied to each way AMR codec
mode adaptation is done independently in UL and DL
There are two modes; the ETSI specified fast LA and the NSN proprietary slow
LA
slowAmrLaEnabled (SLA): if it is set to "N" (default) it is used ETSI fast LA; if it is set
to "Y" it used NSN slow LA
With slow LA, BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on the SACCH frame
interval of 480 ms and this option give better flexibility with HO & PC algorithms
Two different types of link adaptation algorithms are defined:
Codec Mode Adaptation
Channel Mode Adaptation
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1.-Which DL Radio
Conditions?
2.-Request a
codec for DL
3.- Network decides
which codec to use
for DL
4.-DL codec
used
DL LA
1.-Which UL
radio
conditions?
2.-Command a
codec for UL UL LA
3.-MS uses the
codec commanded
by the network for UL
Procedure for Codec Mode (Link) Adaptation
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When deploying AMR the following parameters are important for the Link
Adaptation:
ACS (Active Codec Set) which defines the codecs that can be used in a
BTS during a call
Thresholds: Defines the CIR value to change the codec from a less
robust codec to the immediate more robust one in the ACS. Separate
thresholds for UL and DL link adaptation
Hysteresis: the values in dB to add to the thresholds in order to go from
a robust codec to the immediate less robust one in the ACS.
Parameter Introduction
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Initial Channel rate
SlowAMRLAEnabled
N= 40 ms (ETSI)
Y= 480 ms (NSN)
CODECModeSet
Codec x4
InitCodecMode
1= Start mode
StartMode
InitAMRchannelrate
1= any rate
2= AMR FR only
2 = AMR FR. AMR FR is preferred
over AMR HR and allocated despite of
the values of the currently used
information for channel allocation.
IAC=2 overrides TCHRateIntHO (HRI)
1 = Any rate. Channel type allocation
depends on further network
parameters/settings.
1 IAC BSC Initial AMR channel
rate for call setup and
hand off
Description Default
Value
MML
Name
Level Parameter
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ACS (Active Codec Set) which defines the codecs that
can be used in a BTS during a call
amrConfigurationFr: codecModeSet (FRC)
amrConfigurationHr: codecModeSet (HRC)
Maximum of 4 codecs can be included in ACS, although it can
be less (or even disabled)
BTS AMR FR AMR-HR
Talk Family AFS 475, AFS590, AFS740, AFS122 AHS475, AHS 590, AHS 740
Flexi, Metro & Ultra All codecs All exepct AHS790
Codecs supported in different BTS models
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
FR 12.2 10.2 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75
HR 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75

FR 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 = 149 (decimal)
HR 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 = 21 (decimal)

Active Codec Set
SlowAMRLAEnabled
N= 40 ms (ETSI)
Y= 480 ms (NSN)
CODECModeSet
Codec x4
InitCodecMode
1= Start mode
StartMode
InitAMRchannelrate
1= any rate
2= AMR FR only
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You can either allow the initial codec to be decided by a rule
(see implicit rule below) or you can specify the exact codec to
start with
amrConfFrInitCodecMode (ICMI and FRI)
Value 0: Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM
(3GPP) 45.009.
Value 1: Initial codec mode is defined by the Start Mode field (parameter
amrConfFrStartMode (FRS)). FRS range is 00, 01, 10, 11 ==> codec mode
1,2,3, 4
Implicit rule (3GPP 45.009):
If the codec mode set contains 1 mode, it is the Initial Codec mode
If the codec mode set contains 2 or 3 modes, the Initial Codec
mode is the most robust mode of the set (lowest bit rate).
If the codec mode set contains 4 modes, the Initial Codec mode is
the second most robust mode of the set (the second lowest bit
rate)
Initial Codec Selection
SlowAMRLAEnabled
N= 40 ms (ETSI)
Y= 480 ms (NSN)
CODECModeSet
Codec x4
InitCodecMode
1= Start mode
StartMode
InitAMRchannelrate
1= any rate
2= AMR FR only
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Thresholds and Hysteresis
LINK ADAPTATION
FRTD1 and HRTD1
C/I threshold1
FRTD1 and HRTD1
C/I threshold1
FRH1 and HRH1
C/I hysteresis1
FRH1 and HRH1
C/I hysteresis1
FRTD2 and HRTD2
C/I threshold2
FRTD2 and HRTD2
C/I threshold2
FRH2 and HRH2
C/I hysteresis2
FRH2 and HRH2
C/I hysteresis2
FRTD3 and HTRD3
C/I threshold3
FRTD3 and HTRD3
C/I threshold3
FRH3 and HRH3
C/I hysteresis3
FRH3 and HRH3
C/I hysteresis3
C/I estimation
FR4.75
(codec 1)
FR7.4
(codec 3)
4dB
FRTD1
7dB
FRTD2
11dB
FRTD3
Codec
mode
5dB 8dB 12dB
1dB
FRH1
1dB
FRH2
1dB
FRH3
Example: AMR-FR on Downlink
FR5.9
(codec 2)
FR12.2
(codec 4)
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Thresholds for UL/DL
Before S13, each thresholds for FR and HR was defined the same for UL and DL by
one parameter
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Optimisation of link balance with AMR becomes easier when Uplink and
Downlink have their own threshold values for codec changes.
Separate AMR UL/DL Link Threshold allows the RF conditions and
effective optimisation techniques to determine the appropriate codec to
serve the call.
AMR feature implementation before BSS13 utilizes a common set of codec
change thresholds for both Uplink and Downlink directions.
The current implementation tends to prefer to assign codecs more
pessimistically (choosing the more robust codec) than the actual RF
conditions would dictate for a given link. Specifically, the most robust UL
codec is assigned more liberally across all UL RxQuality bands than is the
most robust DL codec with respect to DL RxQuality bands
Link adaptation threshold parameter
AMR FR DL threshold 1-3 (FRTD1.. FRTD3)
AMR FR UL threshold 1-3 (FRTU1FRTU3)
AMR FR Hysteresis 1-3 (FRH1FRH3)
AMR HR DL threshold 1-3 (HRTD1HRTD3)
AMR HR UL threshold 1-3 (HRTU1HRTU3)
AMR HR Hysteresis 1-3 (HRH1HRH3)
Separate UL&DL Link Adaptation
Thresholds
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xTD3+xH3
xTD3
xTD2+xH2
xTD2
xTD1+xH1
xTD1
xTU3+xH3
xTU3
xTU2+xH2
xTU2
xTU1+xH1
xTU1
C/I
DL CODEC
MODE 4
DL CODEC
MODE 3
DL CODEC
MODE 2
DL CODEC
MODE 1
UL CODEC
MODE 4
UL CODEC
MODE 3
UL CODEC
MODE 1
UL CODEC
MODE 2
Figure 1 illustrates the new usage of thresholds and hystereses in choosing the
appropriate codec mode. In this example the DL threshold values (xTD1 to xTD3, x =
FR or HR) define boundaries between DL codec modes 1 to 4, and UL thresholds
(xTU1 to xTU3) define boundaries between UL codec modes 1 to 4 respectively. The
hysteresis value set xH1 to xH3 is common for both directions, as before. There can be
up to 4 codecs in the active codec mode set.
Separate UL&DL Link Adaptation
Thresholds
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Packing & Unpacking
Channel Mode Adaptation is an HO algorithm that aims at select the correct
channel rate (FR or HR).
The selection of the channel rate depends on 2 main factors: load and
quality
Load Load
Good Quality Good Quality
FR FR
HR HR
HR HR
FR FR
Bad Bad
Quality Quality
packing packing
unpacking unpacking
Only if both AMR FR & HR
are active in the cell
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AFRL and AFRU (BTS)
BTS LOAD
AHRL or AHRU (BSC)
Channel mode adaptation
Based on the cell load
Example:
amrSegLoadDepTchRateLower (AFRL) = 40%
amrSegLoadDepTchRateUpper (AFRU) = 60%
HR resources are allocated when free FR resources fall below 40% (and calls
meet a certain RxQual threshold), and stops when free FR resources above
60%
FR resources are allocated again when the free FR resources are above 60%
Quality thresholds ensure that only calls with good quality are packed and a
call is unpacked when it hits poor quality
Free FR TCHs
Time
Upper limit (AFRU)
Lower Limit (AFRL)
No packing of
AMR FR calls
Packing of
AMR FR calls
No packing of
AMR FR calls
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Channel Adaptation
Packing & Unpacking mechanism
To trigger the packing of active Full Rate AMR calls to AMR Half Rate,
traffic and quality thresholds must be set.
Spontaneous Packing of AMR FR to AMR HR calls is triggered when:
Free full rate resources reduces below the value of the parameter
amrLoadDepTCHRateLower(AHRL)
At least 2 calls in which quality is above the amrHandoverFr(IHRF)
Packing continues until the number of free full rate resources increases
above the value of the parameter amrLoadDepTCHRateUpper (AHRU).
Spontaneous unpacking of AMR HR calls to AMR FR calls is triggered
when the quality of a AMR HR call degrades below the
amrHandoverHr(IHRH). Cell load does not have an effect.
AHRL and AHRU are set on BSC level but load evaluation is based on
individual BTS.
amrSegLoadDepTchRateLower (AFRL) and
amrSegLoadDepTchRateUpper (AFRU) are BTS specific parameters.
They have priority over AHRL and AHRU
Range for IHRF and IHRF is 07
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
PACK AND UNPACK
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
If Qual<=IHRF
If Qual<=IHRF
If IHRH<=Qual
If IHRH<=Qual
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Packing Example
MBCCHC
TCHF
TCHD
FR call
HR call
1. New channel allocation
2. Packing TS4 FR call into HR call TS7
Free FR resources increased by one Case 2.
2. BSC makes Intra-cell HO
(Packing TS4&5 calls into HR calls TS7)
Free FR resources increased by one
Case 1.
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Packing Example
BSC performs HOs for FR AMR calls, whose quality is above the
amrHandoverFr (IHRF)
tchRateIntraCellHo (TRIH) can be used to further control the
packing and unpacking procedures. If set to 3, no packing or
unpacking will occur
2. No packing
(due to lack of TCHD resources) Case 3.
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Unpacking
Unpacking of HR AMR calls to FR AMR calls is triggered when
the quality of a HR AMR call degrades below the
amrHandoverHr (IHRH).
A call is unpacked just depending on the quality, regardless of
cell load
1. Unpacking due to Rx qual
Case 4.
2. Packing due to load
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HO settings QDRF and QDRH
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
AMRConflnhandovers
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRConflnhandovers
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
CODEC HO SETTINGS
CHANNEL TYPE
FOR INTRA
and INTERNAL HOs
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
NOTE:
Range in all cases is 07 (Default = 4)
MML managed object class: HOC, NetAct managed object class: BTS
amrHoFrThrDlRxQual (QDRF)
amrHoFrThrUlRxQual (QURF)
amrHoHrThrDlRxQual (QDRH)
amrHoHrThrUlRxQual (QURH)
HO Thresholds for FR
HO Thresholds for HR
DL
UL
DL
UL
Separate RxQual thresholds for FR and HR
Separate RxQual thresholds for UL and DL direction
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Handover and Unpacking - Example 1
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
PACK AND UNPACK
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
If Qual>IHRF
If Qual>IHRF
If IHRH<Qual
If IHRH<Qual
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
HoThresholdsQualUL (quality HO) = amrHandoverHR (unpacking) -
> call will unpack if there is no suitable neighbor
When RXQUALITY reaches the
set QHO threshold and there is
no target cell the call will
unpack to FR.
If there is a suitable target cell
the call hands off
and the rate is based on IAC
and load.
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Handover and Unpacking - Example 2
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
PACK AND UNPACK
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
If Qual>IHRF
If Qual>IHRF
If IHRH<Qual
If IHRH<Qual
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
HoThresholdsQualUL (quality HO) > amrHandoverHR (unpacking) -
> RXQUALITY weakens slowly -> the call will unpack
RXQUALITY reaches the unpacking
threshold first and triggers unpacking. The
call goes from HR to FR. Later,
RXQUALITY reaches QHO threshold and
QHO is initiated.
If there is a suitable target cell
the call hands off
and the rate is based on IAC
and load. Otherwise it
remains in the old cell.
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HO settings AMR Configuration in HO
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
AMRConflnhandovers
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRConflnhandovers
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
CODEC HO SETTINGS
CHANNEL TYPE
FOR INTRA
and INTERNAL HOs
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
amrConfInHandovers (ACH) defines the preference between the
currently used multirate configuration (if it is suitable for target
channel rate) or the one defined for the target BTS during internal
and external handovers.
amrSetGradesEnabl (ASG) defines whether codec mode set
downgrades during internal HOs and upgrades after internal HOs
are applied or not.
If multirate configuration of source and target BTS
are the same then ACH and ASG have no impact
N = downgrades and upgrades are not applied.
Y = downgrades and upgrades are applied No ASG BSC AMR set grades
enabled
If multirate configuration of source and target BTS
are the same then ACH and ASG have no impact
2 = the multirate configuration of target BTS is
preferred
1 = the currently used multirate configuration is
preferred.
1 ACH BSC AMR configuration in
handover
Comments Default
Value
MML
Name
Level Parameter
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HO settings tchRateInternalHO - HRI
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
AMRConflnhandovers
1= Current Multirate Config
Pref
0= Target
AMRConflnhandovers
Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
CODEC HO SETTINGS
CHANNEL TYPE
FOR INTRA
and INTERNAL HOs
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
Defines the traffic channel allocation during BSS
internal or external handovers.
The parameter controls the target cell selection
and the TCH channel rate and speech codec
determination in traffic channel allocation.
1 ... The call serving type of TCH has to be primarily
allocated. The call serving type of speech codec inside the
call serving type of TCH can change.
2 ... The call serving type of TCH and the call serving type of
speech codec are preferred to be primarily allocated during
the speech connection. The channel rate change is possible
during data connection, if necessary, and if the radio
interface data rate allows it.
3 ... The channel rate and speech codec changes are totally
denied.
4 ... The preferred channel rate of TCH and preferred speech
codec have to be primarily allocated.
5 ... TCH has to be primarily allocated from the best BTS of
the handover candidate list.
1 BSC TCH in
handover
(HRI)
Description Default
Value
Level Parameter
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
31
HO Settings - HRI issues
AMR
BTS2
Non AMR
BTS1
EFR
HRI = 1
EFR
HRI = 4
EFR AMR
Possible pool switching
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
32
HO settings tchrateIntraCellHo - TRIH
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
HO THRESHOLDS
AMRConflnhandovers
Pref
0= Target
AMRConflnhandovers
Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade &
Upgrade
CODEC HO SETTINGS
CHANNEL TYPE
FOR INTRA
and INTERNAL HOs
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
HRI=1=ACTUAL
TchRate InternalHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
TRIH=0
TCHRateIntra-cellHO
Controls the TCH channel rate determination in
TCH allocation and the TCH speech codec to be
allocated during internal intra-cell handover.
0 (No constraints - follow HRI settings)
1 (the call serving type of TCH and the call serving
type of speech codec are preferred to be primarily
allocated)
2 (the call serving type of TCH and the call serving
type of speech codec are preferred to be primarily
allocated during the speech connection. The channel
rate change is possible during data connection when
needed if the radio interface data rate allows it)
3 (the channel rate and speech codec changes are
totally denied. The call serving type of channel is the
only alternative in TCH allocation)
4 (the preferred channel rate of TCH and preferred
speech codec have to be primarily allocated)
0 BTS TCH Rate
Intra-Cell
Handover
(TRIH)
Description Default
Value
Level Parameter
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
33
AMR HO Optimization Feature (S14)
Reduce the length of the ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
message.
The weaker FACCH FR codec becomes the limiting factor
for coverage and capacity gains otherwise achievable with
the robust AMR FR speech codecs.
More reliable handovers.
AMR FR or AMR HR feature needs to be active before
activating the AMR HO Optimization.
No New/Modified/Removed parameters.
On/off license for the AMR HO Optimization feature.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
34
Consequently, the reduction of the message size of the ASSIGNMENT
COMMAND means a reduction of the number of LY2 messages and
corresponding acknowledgements.
The success rate for transmission of ASS CMD messages to an MS has a
dependency to the number of U
m
layer 2 messages required for the
transmission.
when call setup or intracell HO is to the hopping layer the ASS CMD is
segmented into 2 FACCH blocks.
This requires the MS to correctly decode both FACCH blocks, which
may cause problems in bad radio link conditions.
L3 L3 Assignment Assignment Command Command segmentation segmentation
3 LY2 frames to be
transmitted
1 LY2 frame to be
transmitted
Rys lewy:
When transmitting Handover Command Message via FACCH, if one of the
message in the group cannot go through, it has to retransmit all messages
again. This increase probability of drop
Rys prawy:
By minimizing the number of command messages (layer 2 message) that
have to be transmitted (there are less Layer 2 messages to be sent) and
probabilty for drop is reduced.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
35
T200 start
Message Message flow flow for for call call setup setup
MS
BTS BSC
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND I(ASSIGNMENT COMMAND)
I(ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE)
SABM
FACCH on TCH
UA
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
ESTABLISH INDICATION
MSC PAGING
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
PAGING COMMAND PAGING REQUEST
CHANNEL REQUEST CHANNEL REQUIRED
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
IMMEDIATE ASSIG COMMAND IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
AGCH
FACCH on SDCCH
SABM ESTABLISH INDICATION PAGING RESPONSE
AUTHENTICATION and CIPHERING
UA
SETUP SETUP SETUP
CALL PROCEEDING CALL PROCEEDING CALL PROCEEDING
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
T10 start
T3107 start
T3107 stop
T10 stop
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
36
Message Message flow flow for for intracell intracell HO HO
T10 start
MS
BTS BSC
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
I(ASSIGNMENT COMMAND)
I(ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE)
SABM
FACCH on TCH
UA
T200 start
T3107 start
FACCH on TCH
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
T3107 stop
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
FACCH on TCH
ESTABLISH INDICATION
MSC
CALL IN PROGRESS
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT
CONFIRMATION
RLT start
T10 stop
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
FACCH on TCH
INTRACELL HCI (packing)
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
37
LDRF and LDRH
PC Lower Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
POWER CONTROL
LURF and LURH
PC Lower Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
UDRF and UDRH
PC Upper Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
UURF and UURH
PC Upper Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
AMR Power Control
Power Control for AMR done based on quality
Separate RxQual thresholds for FR and HR
Separate RxQual thresholds for UL and DL direction
amrPocFrPcLThrDlRxQual (LDRF)
amrPocFrPcLThrUlRxQual (LURF)
amrPocHrPcLThrDlRxQual (LDRH)
amrPocHrPcLThrUlRxQual (LURH)
POC Thresholds for FR
POC Thresholds for HR
DL
UL
DL
UL
NOTE:
Range in all cases is 07 (Default = 4)
MML managed object class: HOC, NetAct managed object class: BTS
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
38
AMR PC Upper Quality,
UDRF = 0 (Px/Nx = 32/32)
AMR PC Lower Quality,
LDRF = 3
No action
RxQual
RxLevel
-110
-47
3
0
P
C
U
p
p
e
r
L
e
v
e
l
D
L
,
U
D
R
-
7
0
P
C

L
o
w
e
r
L
e
v
e
l
D
L
,
L
D
R
-
8
5
(PxNx: 3/4)
(
P
x
N
x
:
1
/
1
)
(
P
x
N
x
:
1
/
1
)
(
P
x
N
x
:

1
/
1
)
H
O
L
e
v
e
l, L
D
R
-
9
5
AMR packing
IHRF=0, Px/Nx = 4/6
(AMR) Qual HO
HYS -6dB
4
AMR unpacking IHRH= 4
(PxNx: 4/6)
Power Control & Handover coordination
AMR FR for DL (Example of settings)
AMR HO Qual, QDRF = 4
(PxNx: 4/6)
7
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
39
An enhancement to the existing Power Control (PC) algorithm running in the
BSC and controlling the transmitting power of the MS and BTS.
AMR PPC is application software since S13 and it contains two separate
functionalities which can be separately controlled
AMR PPC for MS power controlling
AMR PPC for BTS power controlling
AMR PPC algorithm will be used only for AMR calls. When the AMR PPC
algorithm is disabled, the normal PC algorithm is used also for AMR calls
AMR PPC favours increase of power with low power levels and avoids
increase of power with higher power levels
Better power distribution introducing less interference to the network
Better quality distribution yielding to better speech codec distribution
AMR Progressive Power Control (AMR PPC)
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
40
Quality
Rxqual BER %
0 <0.2
1 0.2 - 0.4
2 0.4 - 0.8
3 0.8 - 1.6
4 1.6 - 3.2
5 3.2 - 6.4
6 6.4 - 12.8
7 >12.8
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Power level
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Attenuation dB
pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (UDRF)
pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (LDRF)
Optimum quality, No need to change transmitting power
Power
In normal Power Control algorithm the quality thresholds for quality
based PC are not changing according to actual transmitting power.
Example:
AMR Power Control without PPC
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
41
Quality
Rxqual BER %
0 <0.2
1 0.2 - 0.4
2 0.4 - 0.8
3 0.8 - 1.6
4 1.6 - 3.2
5 3.2 - 6.4
6 6.4 - 12.8
7 >12.8
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Power level
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Attenuation dB
pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (UDRF)
pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR (LDRF)
Optimum quality, No need to change transmitting power
X1 PPC Downlink FR Lower Threshold 1 (= 26 dB)
X2 PPC Downlink FR Lower Threshold 2 (= 22 dB
-2
-1
-2
-1
Output Power
+1
+2
+1
+2
X1 X2 X3 X4
The algorithm internally changes the thresholds for quality based PC according to AMR
PPC parameters and actual transmitting power
Offsets applied to current RxQual threshold values (Fixed offsets of -2, -1, 0, +1, +2)
depending on the current power level
Offsets applied at a certain transmit power level as defined by the parameters (4 power
level points)
Example:
AMR Power Control with PPC
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
42
AMR PPC Parameters
Example
AMR PPC DL FR Lower Threshold 1 = 26 dB
amrPocFrPcLThrDlRxQual (LDRF) = 4
Rx Quality
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 Increase BTS Power
7
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Attenuation (dB)
LDF1 LDF2 LDF3 LDF4
Standard power
control threshold
(LDRF)
BTS has less scope of increasing power BTS has more scope of increasing power
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
43
AMR PPC introduces 32 new BSC level parameters (Range 0-15 power levels)
AMR PPC Threshold Parameters
UUF1
UUF2
UUF3
UUF4
LUF1
LUF2
LUF3
LUF4
UUH1
UUH2
UUH3
UUH4
LUH1
LUH2
LUH3
LUH4
UDF1
UDF2
UDF3
UDF4
LDF1
LDF2
LUF3
LDF4
UDH1
UDH2
UDH3
UDH4
LDH1
LDH2
LDH3
LDH4
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
44
AMR Radio Link Timeout
ARLT= Radio Link
Timeout for AMR calls
GENERAL
Supported in Flexi, Metro and Ultra BTS
Not in Talk Family BTS (only RLT supported)
Separate parameters for non-AMR, AMR and AMR-HR
AHRLT= Radio Link
Timeout for AMR HR
AHRLT 20
blocks
Defines the maximum value of
the radio link counter expressed
in SACCH blocks for AMR HR
connections.
4...64
blocks, step
4 blocks
radioLinkTim
eoutAmrHr
BTS
ARLT 20
blocks
in SACCH blocks for AMR
connections.
4...64
blocks, step
4 blocks
radioLinkTim
eoutAmr
BTS
RLT 20
blocks
in SACCH blocks for non-AMR
connections.
4...64
blocks, step
4 blocks
radioLinkTim
eout
BTS
BSC -
MML
Name
Default
value
Description Range And
Step
Abbreviated
Name
MO
Class
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
45
AMR and DADL/B
DADL/B can be used to handover AMR calls during call setup to co-located BTSs
that support AMR
Useful for networks with 2
nd
generation BTS (no AMR support)
Talk family supports AMR
Adjacency parameter amrDadlbTargetCell (DADLA)(Y,N) defines whether the
direct access to desired layer/band handover is applied to the adjacent cell in case
of AMR call establishment and whether AMR target cells are prioritised in handover
For handovers this indicates whether AMR is enabled in the target cell
Adjacent AMR cells with load below btsLoadThreshold (BLT) are prioritized
UltraSite (co-located)
TalkFamily BTS
TCH
SDCCH
1) DADL/B used to direct AMR
mobiles to AMR capable BTS
2) Prioritization of AMR capable
cells in handovers
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
46
Internal handover to external (IHTA)
BSC can change internal handover to an external one in order to enable an
unidirectional connection.
IHTA Not allowed
(0)
Defines whether it is allowed to change
internal handover, where speech codec or
channel rate is changed, to MSC controlled in
order to avoid downlink muting.
NOTE: If MSC does not support unidirectional
connection or conference bridge connection
downlink muting cannot be avoided by
changing handover to external; it is advisable
to leave the parameter to default value.
Not allowed (0)
Allowed for AMR
(1)
Allowed for other
internal handovers
than AMR (2)
Allowed for all
internal handovers
(3)
internalHoToExt
ernal
BSC
BSC - MML
Name
Default
value
Description Range And Step Abbreviated
Name
MO
Class
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
47
A-Interface Load Control
If there is already a high load on the A-interface, it is not reasonable
to increase the load by changing internal handovers to external in
order to avoid DL muting.
The BSC keeps a record of the incoming external TCH handovers
and TCH assignments
The load is evaluated in a BSC as an incoming TCH transaction rate
using these parameters:
TCH transaction count (TTRC)
Maximum transaction rate (MTTR)
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
48
TCH transaction rate
16:15:22.10
16:15:22.10
16:15:22.19
16:20:22.23
16:20:22.25
Incoming external TCH HO
or assignment
Timestamp t9
---
---
or assignment
Timestamp t2
or assignment
Timestamp t1
or assignment
Timestamp t0
Internal HO req for which
decision to change it to
external is to be made
Timestamp t10
Internal table: Incoming external TCH HO or assignment
T = 0.15 s
Tch trasaction count (TTRC) = 10
TCH Transaction rate = TCH Trascation count / T
= 10 / 0.15
= 66.66
If TCH Trasaction rate > Maximum Transaction rate (MTTR), the internal HO
request is NOT changed to an external HO
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
49
TTRC 10 This parameter defines how many
incoming TCH transactions (incoming MSC
controlled TCH handover or assignment)
are taken into account when calculating
average TCH transaction rate.
0...100, step 1 tchTransactionC
ount
BSC
MTTR 50 This parameter defines the maximum
incoming (from MSC to BSC) TCH
transaction rate (transactions per second)
that is acceptable for changing internal
handover to external. In this context TCH
transaction means MSC controlled TCH
handover or TCH assignment.
0...1000, step 1
0 change of
internal to external
HO is always
denied
maxTchTransac
tionRate
BSC
BSC - MML
Name
Default
value
Name
MO
Class
Parameters
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
50
Robust AMR Signalling (FACCH / SACCH)
1,00%
10,00%
100,00%
C/I (dB) (TU3, iFH)
T
C
H

F
E
R

%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
FACCH
AMR FR 12.2
AMR FR
7.0
AMR FR
5.9
AMR FR 4.75
Capex savings by increased coverage. Increased end user experience by
reducing Dropped Call Rate (DCR). In addition, the proprietary FACCH power
control adds 10% more gain. Improves associated control channel robustness
and increases gain (from 1.5 dB to 4 db).
AMR has robust codecs (e.g. AMR 4.75) which potentially allow the network to operate
in very low C/I conditions. For acceptable connection quality the signalling needs to be
at least as robust as the most robust speech codec used. The introduction of AMR
codecs has caused an imbalance, where the signalling channels may be the limiting
factor.
BSS13 feature Robust AMR Signalling
consists of four separate features
1. FACCH and SACCH repetition for repeated
ACCH capable mobiles on AMR TCH
2. FACCH repetition for legacy mobiles on AMR
FR
3. FACCH repetition for legacy mobiles on AMR
HR
4. FACCH Power Increment
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
51
1) Repeated AMR SACCH and FACCH in 3GPP Release 6
With 3GPP Release 6 and onwards, the Mobiles and BTSs can ask for SACCH
frames to be repeated exactly on transmit, so that the original frame and its repeat
can be decoded together using Incremental Redundancy (soft combining) type
decoding, similar to the IR defined for EDGE data. Similarly transmit repeat and
Incremental Redundancy on decode can also be used with downlink FACCH
frames.
This gives about a 4 dB improvement in the C/I needed to decode the SACCH and
FACCH, so that these channels are as robust as the lowest rate AMR codecs.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
52
2) and 3) Repeated AMR FACCH for Existing Mobiles for AMR HR and AMR FR
For mobiles designed according to old 3GPP releases (i.e. releases up to and
including release 5) 3GPP have enhanced the radio interface protocol so that the
downlink FACCH can be repeated, to give the mobile two chances to decode the
FACCH before each link timeout and retry of the protocol.
This gives about a 2 dB improvement in the C/I needed to decode the FACCH, so
that this channel is more robust and the dropped call rate in handovers is reduced.
The 2 dB improvement in C/I is not enough for reliable operation with the very
lowest rate AMR/FR codecs, so the solution also offers the FACCH Power
Increment feature for existing mobiles.
FACCH repetition is enabled separately for AMR HR and AMR FR.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
53
4) FACCH Power Increment for Existing Mobiles
With this feature, for 3GPP Release 5 and earlier mobiles the BTS Tx power for
(downlink) AMR FACCH bursts can be increased by 2 dB, up to the maximum Tx
power Pmax (BCCH power level).
This will give improved C/I for the FACCH, so that dropped call rate in handovers is
reduced, but without adding significant interference to other ongoing calls.
Combining this feature and the Repeated AMR FACCH for existing mobiles, there
is up to 4 dB improvement in C/I for FACCH decode, and corresponding reduction
in Handover dropped call rate.
Power increment only applies when the Tx power used for the call is less than the
maximum power capability of the TRX (TRXmax).
BCCH TRX: Since the BCCH carrier power level must remain constant, the power
increment applies only to FACCH bursts sent on non-BCCH carriers.
Non-BCCH TRX: If the BCCH power level is less than TRXmax, then the FACCHs
may be sent at a power level that is 2 dB higher than the BCCH power level.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
54
Requirements
BSC
Licence On/Off
BTS Support
Ultrasite CX6.0 (with EDGE capable TRXs)
Metrosite CXM6.0 (with EDGE capable TRXs)
Flexi EDGE EP2.0
MS Support
Rel6 compliant MS is required for SACCH repetition
MS indicates its repeated ACCH capability in MS Classmark 3 info on SDCCH
AMR Settings
AMR FR/HR or both must be enabled
Codec 4.75 must be the lowest codec in AMR HR codec set
Either 4.75, 5.15 or 5.9 should be the lowest codec in AMR FR codec set
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
55
FACCH/SACCH repetition and power increment
Triggering conditions
FACCH repetition and FACCH power increment for legacy MS
FACCH repetition and/or power increment is triggered if the MS requests the lowest downlink codec
(indication of poor DL quality)
The retransmission of the PHYSICAL INFORMATION message, following the expiry of the timer
T3105, is also a trigger.
FACCH repetition for Rel. 6 compliant MS
If the MS requests the lowest downlink codec. For AMR HR calls, the expiry of the timer T200 for the
frame is also required.
The retransmission of the PHYSICAL INFORMATION message, following the expiry of the timer
T3105, is also a trigger.
SACCH repetition for Rel. 6 compliant MS
DL Direction: If a Rel.6 compliant MS requests for SACCH frames to be repeated.
UL Direction: Depends on the number of uplink SACCH single decode block errors and the value of
the SACCH Repeat Window (SRW) parameter.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
56
FACCH/SACCH repetition and power increment
Triggering conditions
SRW 4 Frames When value = 1, decoding failure of the latest SACCH block
triggers the repeat for the next SACCH block.
When value N = {2, 3, 4 .. 15}, decoding failure of 2 SACCH blocks
out of N preceding SACCH blocks triggers the repeat. Repeat is
used as long as the decoding of 2 SACCH blocks out of N preceding
blocks has failed.
1...15 Frames, step
1 Frames
sacchRepeatWi
ndow
BSC
BSC -
MML
Name
Default
value
Name
MO
Class
This parameter defines when the BTS commands an MS to repeat the
SACCH block.
Example:
If the value is 3 and the BTS fails to decode two of the
preceding three blocks, it commands the MS to repeat a
SACCH block.
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
57
Wideband AMR and AMR TFO
-Introduction
Wideband AMR
NB-AMR uses sampling rate of 8 kHz which
provides 300-3400 Hz audio bandwidth
WB-AMR uses sampling rate of 16 kHz which
provides 50-7000 Hz audio bandwidth
3 new WB-AMR circuit pools
Constant codec mode set
of 6.6, 8.85 and 12.65 kbit/s
Codec mode adaptation based
on radio conditions as in AMR
Landline
phone NB-AMR
Wideband
AMR
50-7000 Hz
300 -
3400 Hz
WIDEBAND AMR
AMR-WB Thresholds
AMR-WB Hysteresis
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
58
Solution Architecture (Traditional AMR call)
Compressed AMR speech is transcoded to G.711 in local
transcoder and again back to compressed AMR speech in
distant transcoder
-> quality degradation and delays
G.711
MSC_L
TC_D TC_L
AMR
MSC_D
BSC_L
BTS_L
AMR
BSC_D
BTS_D
MS A MS B
Transcoding
12.2 kbit/s 12.2 kbit/s
64kbit/s
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
59
Solution Architecture (AMR call & AMR TFO)
TFO frames occupy part of G.711 64kbit/s channel for TFO signalling and
compressed AMR speech
TFO frames transcoded, AMR speech bypassed w/o transcoding
Transcoding
64kbit/s
Inband negotiation between TCs
Available codecs Available codecs
Optimal codec Optimal codec
MSC_L MSC_D BTS_L BTS_D
TC_D TC_L
AMR
BSC_L
AMR
BSC_D MS A MS B
G.71
1
G.71
1
+
AMR
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
60
Solution Architecture (WB-AMR call & AMR TFO)
NSN-North MSC Rel-99 does not support WB-AMR -> MGW needed
Transcoding
64kbit/s
MGW_L MGW_D BTS_L BTS_D
TC_D TC_L
WB-AMR
BSC_L
WB-AMR
BSC_D MS A MS B
G.711
+
WB-AMR
MSS_L MSS_D
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
61
Solution Architecture (WB-AMR call & AMR TFO)
Transcoding is possible also in NSN-North MGW without TCSM3i
(Ater b/w BSC and MGW is NSN proprietary feature)
Transcoding
64kbit/s
MGW_L MGW_D BTS_L NodeB_D
WB-AMR
BSC_L
WB-AMR
RNC_D
MS A UE B
G.711
+
WB-AMR
MSS_L MSS_D
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
62
Solution Architecture (Payload Optimization)
NSN-North MGW Proprietary feature Payload Optimization can save
transmission capacity when IP/ATM backbone is used
Transcoding
12.65
kbit/s
12.65 kbit/s
64kbit/s 64kbit/s
12.65 kbit/s
MGW_L MGW_D
TC_D TC_L
WB-AMR
BSC_L
WB-AMR
BSC_D
G.711
+
WB-AMR
MSS_L MSS_D
G.711
+
WB-AMR
IP/
ATM
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
63
Solution Architecture (NSN-North BSS support)
WB-AMR and AMR TFO support in NSN-North BSS
Configuration not possible (Ater b/w BSC
and MGW is NSN proprietary)
MSS/MGW
(other vendor)
BTS+BSC
YES YES MSS/MGW
(NSN-North)
BTS+BSC
YES YES MSS/MGW
(other vendor)
BTS+BSC+TCSM3i
YES YES MSS/MGW
(NSN-North)
BTS+BSC+TCSM3i
NO YES MSC (Rel-99) BTS+BSC+TCSM3i
WB-AMR support AMR TFO support Core
Network
BSS
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
64
Solution Implementation (New circuit pools)
FR speech version 1 FR
FR speech version 2 EFR
FR speech version 3 AMR FR
FR speech version 5 WB-AMR FR
HR speech version 1 HR
HR speech version 3 AMR HR
40
FR speech version 1 FR
FR speech version 2 EFR
38
37
Supported channels and speech coding algorithms Circuit pool number
RN20111EN14GLN0
AMR
65
New parameters (S14)
Initial AMR Codec Type (IACT)
With this BSC parameter you define the preference order between
WB-AMR and AMR in channel allocation. Third choise is to obey
MSS given codec list.
Range: 02 (0 = AMR, 1 = WB-AMR, 2 = Obey MSS list)
Default: 0
BSC MML commands: EEM, EEO
AMR-WB FR Threshold 1 (AFRT1)
With this BTS parameter you define the threshold for switching from
codec mode 2 (second lowest bit rate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit
rate).
Range: 031.5 dB, step 0.5 dB
Default: 4 dB
BSC MML commands: EQY, EQO
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AMR-WB FR Threshold 2 (AFRT2)
With this BTS parameter you define the threshold for switching from
codec mode 3 (highest bit rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit
rate).
Default: 7 dB
AMR-WB FR Hysteresis 1 (AFRH1)
With this BTS parameter, together with AMR-WB FR Threshold 1,
you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 1 (lowest bit
rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit rate).
Default: 2 dB
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AMR-WB FR Hysteresis 2 (AFRH2)
With this BTS parameter, together with AMR-WB FR Threshold 2,
you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second
lowest bit rate) to codec mode 3 (highest bit rate).
Default: 2 dB
AMR-WB Codec Mode Set (ACMS)
With this BTS parameter you define is AMR-WB Codec Mode Set
Enabled or Disabled
Range: Disabled/Enabled
Default: Disabled
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Modified parameters (S14)
BSC parameters (AMR-WB optionality checking added)
Lower Limit for FR TCH Resources (HRL)
Upper Limit for FR TCH Resources (HRU)
C/I Target AMR FR (CIAF)
Soft Blocking C/I AMR FR (SBAF)
Soft Blocking C/N AMR FR (SBCNAF)
TCH In Handover (HRI)
Initial AMR Channel Rate (IAC)
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SEG parameters (AMR-WB optionality checking added)
Lower Limit for FR TCH Resources (FRL)
Upper Limit for FR TCH Resources (FRU)
TCH Rate Intra-Cell Handover (TRIH)
AMR Radio Link Timeout (ARLT)
TCSM parameters
PCM Type (Circuit pool numbers 37, 38 and 40 added)
Other parameters
BSC Options (New value 133 AMR-WB added)
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Wideband AMR
Hardware Requirements
AMR-WB is supported by the following network entities:
BTS: Flexi Edge (SW EP3.0), MetroSite Edge (SW CXM7.0) and UltraSite Edge
(EDGE base band unit BB2E or BB2F and GMSK-only RF units, SW CX7.0)
TRAU: TCSM3i and MGW(U4.1)
BSC: all BSC types with SW level 14
MSS: SW level M14
The above listed network entities support TFO otherwise application of
the AMR-WB feature would not bring any benefits
In-path equipment must be transparent for TFO
Restriction:
North Rel99 MSC does not support AMR-WB => AMR-WB fully supported by
the North MGW/TRAU Rel-4 solution
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In BSS 14 the last step of AMR unpacking optimization is introduced. From the
functional point of view HO mechanism itself is not changed.
The UTPFIL parameters (ID: 7E, 80 and 81) are replaced with new HOC
parameters: intra HO upper rx level limit AMR HR, intra HO lower rx level
limit AMR HR and intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR.
These new HOC parameters are taken into account in case of AMR unpacking
and interference based intra cell handover decisions. The only modification is
that from BSS14 on unpacking is not allowed if RxQual is above the
threshold (previously it was equal or greater than the threshold).
If averaged uplink or downlink quality is equal or greater than the threshold
intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR, intra-cell handover to switch an AMR HR
call to an AMR FR and interference based intra cell handover is not allowed.
Moreover RxLev is also limiting factor for unpacking in the following way:
If UL or DL level is below intra HO lower rx level limit AMR HR, intra-cell handover
to switch an AMR HR call to an AMR FR is not allowed.
If UL or DL level is above intra HO upper rx level limit AMR HR, intra-cell handover
to switch an AMR HR call to an AMR FR is not allowed.
AMR Unpacking Optimization
Feature details
UNPACKING OPTIMIZATION
intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR
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Until BSS 11.5 intracell handover from HR to FR was triggered if RxQual
was above intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR HR (on the picture it is
named as IHRH). This was standard unpacking procedure.
In BSS 11.5 with the new UTPFIL parameter (from BSS 14.0 on called
intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR) unpacking procedure was
enhanced. Now it is only allowed if RxQual is between intra HO
threshold Rx qual AMR HR and intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR
(on the picture it is called respectively: IHRH and RxQualLimit).
Feature details
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Parameters
intra HO lower rx level limit AMR HR (intraHoLoRxLevLimAmrHr)
intra HO upper rx level limit AMR HR(intraHoUpRxLevLimAmrHr)
intra HO lower rx quality limit AMR(intraHoLoRxQualLimAmr)
BSC - bscOptions (BSC Options)
On/off license for the AMR Unpacking feature.

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