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0610EC091005
OUTLINE
Project description The framework for the home automation The communication Mobile Interface Hardware connection Conclusion
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Designing and implementing a Mobile-Based Home Automation (HA) system by Power line controlling system Controlling home appliances such as lights, electric doors, or any other application
OBJECTIVE
Developing a HA system that gives the user complete control over all aspects of his or her home The automated system will have the ability to be controlled from a Mobile. Use a Mobile to turn on and off a light, as well as monitor a door The real objective is to Create a basic framework for a home monitoring system
The HARDWARE
The main components needed to build a prototype Mobile Interface Microcontrollers Type Specification Circuit construction Sensors Light module Door module
ATMEGA16 L
Is a 40-pin IC and belongs to the mega AVR category of AVR family. Some of the features of Atmega16 are: 16KB of Flash memory 1KB of SRAM 512 Bytes of EEPROM Available in 40-Pin DIP 8-Channel 10-bit ADC Two 8-bit Timers/Counters Figure 3.2 atmega16 functional diagram One 16-bit Timer/Counter 4 PWM Channels In System Programmer (ISP) Serial USART SPI Interface Digital to Analog Comparator.
CHAPTER 3
or simple flash memory is used to store the program dumped or burnt by the user on to the microcontroller. It can be easily erased electrically as a single unit. Flash memory is non-volatile i.e., it retains the program even if the power is cut-off. Atmega16 is available with 16KB of in system programmable Flash EEPROM. 2. Byte Addressable EEPROM: This is also a nonvolatile memory used to store data like values of certain variables. Atmega16 has 512 bytes of EEPROM, this memory can be useful for storing the lock
3. SRAM:
Static
Random
Access
Memory, this is the volatile memory of microcontroller i.e., data is lost as soon as power is turned off. Atmega16 is equipped with 1KB of internal SRAM. A small portion of SRAM is set aside for general purpose registers used by CPU and some for the peripheral subsystems of the microcontroller.
operated using an external crystal oscillator with a maximum frequency of 16MHz. In this case you need to modify the fuse bits.
Clear Timer on Compare Match (Auto Reload) Glitch-free, Phase Correct Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) Frequency Generator External Event Counter 10-bit Clock Prescaler Overflow and Compare Match Interrupt Sources (TOV0 and OCF0)
Pwm:
Timer0 Timer1 Timer2 Timer 1 has 2 in built pwm channels which can be configured with 8 bit to 10 bit of resolutions.
is present with internal oscillator. Watchdog timer continuously monitors and resets the controller if the code gets stuck at any execution action for more than a defined time interval.
Watchdog timer:
Usart:
between two devices on a common clock source. The data transmission rate of SPI is more than that of USART. TWI: Two Wire Interface (TWI) can be used to set up a network of devices, many devices can be connected over TWI interface forming a network, the devices can simultaneously transmit and receive and have their own unique address.
CHAPTER 3
Microcontroller Specification
The Specification for ATMEGA16 Microcontroller is very easy to Assembly Program Low cost
Sensor Input
Sensor Input
Port D
Atmega 16 Port C
6.1.
SUPPLY SECTION
All the sections work on 12 volts but the home automation section requires 24 volts for its working. Therefore the 12 volts supply wire is cut into two parts which are then combined to give an output of 24volts. This supply is fed to a capacitor through a diode, so that the supply becomes uniform (without ripples).
6.2. RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal
A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in
place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their function.
TYPES OF RELAY
Since relays are switches, the terminology applied to switches is also applied to relays. A relay will switch one or more poles, each of whose contacts can be thrown by energizing the coil in one of three ways: The following designations are commonly encountered:
SPST
Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be connected or disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or normally closed. The terminology "SPNO" and "SPNC" is sometimes used to resolve the ambiguity.
DPST
Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. Equivalent to two SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a relay has six terminals in total. The poles may be Form A or Form B (or one of each).
CHAPTER 6
display. The sensor would observe an interruption and provide an input to the controller which would run the counter in up/down mode depending upon the selector setting. The same count is displayed on a set of 7segment controller. displays through the
In this circuit, two infrared (IR) sensor modules are used each for up and down counting, respectively.
Whenever an interruption is observed by the first IR sensor, it increments the counter value. Similarly, when the second sensor detects an obstacle, the count is decremented The count value is calculated
seven segment displays by using the concept of multiplexing (for concept of multiplexing refer seven segment multiplexing). The data pins of each 7-segment display are connected to port P2 of the microcontroller
This project is the most common and interesting to start with. The application is counting the number of persons entering in and exiting out like in Delhi Metro stations, Industries, offices, lift, car parking, and many more.
Our objective is to count the objects (persons) entering and exiting the room so we need some sensors to detect the objects and a control unit which calculates the object, below you can find the block diagram and circuit diagram which illustrate the solution and the Embedded C source code which calculate the object. Remember that this circuit is used with GP_KIT_MCS51-2.02 from BISD Labs, New Delhi; the kit contains rest of circuit like 8051 microcontroller, interfacing two digit seven segments, on board voltage regulator to provide +5V D.C, ISP circuit, and a lot. Also refer the user manual of this kit.
PRINCEPLE
From the block diagram it is clear that the sensor pairs are placed face to face so that an IR radiations from IR LED are continuously received by phototransistor which makes its emitter base junction forward and collector current Ic equals to emitter current Ie (i.e, Ic=Ie) assuming base current to be negligible. Hence the voltage at collector node becomes zero (logic 0) which is feed to microcontroller port pin P3.2 and P3.3, if any object is placed in between the sensor pair blocks the IR radiation which in turns put the phototransistor in cut-off mode and Ic!=Ie, this makes collector voltage to +5V (logic 1) In our program we have to poll both the inputs from both the sensors at port pin P3.2 and P3.3 to detect for the entry or
exit, if sensor pair one is been obstructed (P3.2 becomes one) first, implies persons entry and second pair is obstructed (P3.3 becomes one) first shows exit.
DB4 to DB7: = Data Buses of LCD E: = Enable pin of LCD Rs: = Register Select of LCD These pin configuration are only for the LCD which is 16 * 2 alphanumeric display. For other type of LCD this may vary. Refer to related datasheet of the LCD incase if you are using a different one.
CONCLUSION The entire report is presented in a chapter wise format, introducing level-tolevel components and their details. Atmega 16 and the control board that is the main processing part of the control unit is explained in the initial chapters. Whenever a sensor detects a change in the environment or notification is generated, Atmega16 processes that information and act according to the automation code burnt in its flash. The initial attempts of interrupt programming were dropped due to limited availability of external INT pins (INT 0, INT1, INT2). The DTMF(dual tone multi frequency) module that enables remote accessibility of the system is explained in chapter 5.
For home automation, the home automation board is used that enables automatic switching of the appliances based on the instruction code sent by the user via DTMF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that synopsis report entitled HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal by Arun Patel Ashish Raikwar Mahendra Yadav Rahul Prajapati is a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree in B.E with specialization in Electronics and Communication. The matter embodied is the actual work by Arun Patel Ashish Raikwar Mahendra Yadav Rahul Prajapati and this work has not been submitted earlier (in part or full) for the award of any other degree. Candidate Name : Arun Patel Ashish Raikwar Mahendra Yadav Rahul Prajapati Enrollment No : (0610EC091005 0610EC091006 0610EC091016 0610EC091022)
Er. Somitra Pandey
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The synopsis entitled HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM being submitted by by Arun Patel (0610EC091005), Ashish Raikwar (0610EC091006), Mahendra Yadav (0610EC091016) and Rahul Prajapati (0610EC091022) has been examined by us and is hereby approved for the award of degree Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Communication), for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval that the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approve the dissertation only for the purpose for which it has been submitted.
(Internal Examiner)
(External Examiner)
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