Lab : effect of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Name:________________________________________

Background information Our cardiovascular and respiratory system work closely together to deliver oxygen to our cells and remove carbon dioxide waste. We are able to measure the efficiency of these systems with a couple of simple measurements: Respiratory rate: the number of breaths taken over a specific period of time (usually 1 minute). The normal range for a healthy adult is 12-18 breaths per minute. Heart rate- the number of heart beats per unit time (usually 1 min). The normal human heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per minute. Tidal volume- the volume of air used in a normal breath without extra effort. The average tidal volume for adults is 0.5L. Vital capacity- the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. A normal adult vital capacity ranges from 3-5L. VO2- the rate at which oxygen is used in your body measured in mL/min/kg. Blood pressure- the pressure exerted by the blood to the blood vessels. A healthy blood pressure is 120/80 mmhg or lower. The blood pressure is shown as systolic pressure/diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure- the pressure that is exerted on the walls of the various arteries around the body in between heart beats when the heart is relaxed Dyastolic pressure- the amount of pressure that blood exerts on arteries and vessels while the heart is beating Hypothesis -What will be the effect of exercise on: a) respiratory rate-

b) heart rate-

-What percentage of our lungs do we use when we are resting?

Station 1: Respiratory rate Procedure a) resting respiratory rate 1) sitting down breathe in and out naturally 2) count the number of breaths you take in 30 seconds multiply by 2 to get rate per minute 3) repeat 4 times and record results in observation table 4) find your average resting respiratory rate per minute

b) respiratory rate after exercise 1) complete 2 mins of physical activity (run on the spot/ jumping jacks) 2) count the number of breaths you take in 30 seconds multiply number by 2 to get rate per minute. 3) take a small break and repeat steps 1& 2 four times 4) record results in observation table 5) find your average respiratory rate per minute after exercise

Observations condition Resting respiratory rate Respiratory rate after exercise Calculations Average resting rate = (trial 1 + trial 2+ trial 3+ trial 4) 4 = (_____+ ______ + ______ + ______) 4 = _________ Average rate after exercise = (trial 1 + trial 2+ trial 3+ trial 4) 4 = (_____+ ______ + ______ + ______) 4 = __________ Trial 1 ______ x 2 =________ _______x 2 =________ Trial 2 _______ x 2 = ________ _______x 2 = ________ Trial3 _______ x 2 = ________ _______ x 2 = ________ Trial 4 _______ x 2 = _________ _______x 2 = ________ Avg rate/ min

Station 2: Heart rate a) resting heart rate 1) sitting in a relaxed position find your pulse (on your wrist or side of your neck) *do not use your thumb* 2) take your pulse for 30 seconds 3) multiply the value by 2 to get your resting heart rate 4) repeat this 3 more times and record values in the observation table and find the average heart rate following exercise

b) heart rate following exercise 1) exercise for 2 minutes straight (jog on the spot/ jumping jacks) 2) take pulse for 30 second & record heart rate 3) take a short break and repeat this three more times 4) record values in observation table and find the average heart rate following exercise Observations Condition Resting heart rate Heart rate after exercise Calculations Average resting rate = (trial 1 + trial 2+ trial 3+ trial 4) 4 = (_____+ ______ + ______ + ______) 4 = _________ Average rate after exercise = (trial 1 + trial 2+ trial 3+ trial 4) 4 = (_____+ ______ + ______ + ______) 4 = ________ Trial 1 _____ x2 =______ _____x 2 = ______ Trial 2 _____x 2 = ______ _____x 2 = ______ Trial 3 _____x 2 = ______ _____x 2 = ______ Trial 4 _____x 2 = ______ _____x 2 = ______ Average

Station 3: Respiratory Volumes Procedure 1) Inhale normally and then exhale normally into the spirometer mouth piece this is your tidal volume. (on average people have a tidal volume of 0.5L) 2) Inhale as deeply as possible and then exhale as deeply as possible into the spirometer mouth piece this is your vital capacity. 3) Record your results and the results of 2 classmates in the observation table Observations Name Tidal Volume (L) Vital Capacity (L)

Calculations 1) What percentage of your vital capacity is your tidal volume (how much air do you use at rest compared to your maximum capacity)? Tidal Volume Vital capacity 100 ________________ _______________ 100 =__________________

1) Calculate your VO2 (the rate at which oxygen is used in your body) **To convert L into mL multiply by 1000** Tidal volume (L) ______ x 1000 = _________mL **To covert lbs into kg multiply by 0.45** Mass (lbs)_______x 0.45 = ________kg VO2= (resting respiratory rate tidal volume (mL) 20.9% 20 %) mass (kg) VO2= (______________ breaths/min ________________mL 0.209 0.2) ________(kg) VO2=________________mL/min/kg

Station 4 : Blood Pressure Procedure 1) 2) 3) 4) Record your blood pressure at rest Exercise for 2 minutes Record your blood pressure after exercise Record your results and the results of 2 classmates in the observation table

Observations **Systole is the first number on the blood pressure reading and diastole is the second number on the blood pressure reading** Name BP at rest BP after exercise Systole at rest Systole after exercise Diastole at rest Diastole after exercise

Analysis Questions 1) a)Was there a difference in blood pressures before and after exercise? If so was the systolic pressure or diastolic pressure more affected? (2)

b) Why do you think this is the case? (2)

2) Was there a difference between respiratory rates and heart rates before and after exercise? Explain why this is the case. (3)

3) Draw a bar graph to show the average heart rate and respiratory rate before and after exercise. (include a title, label the axis and include units, use different colours, include a legend) (7)

4) Were your partners tidal volume and vital capacity similar to yours? What factors do you think affect a persons vital capacity? (3)

4) How do you think exercise would affect your VO2 (the rate oxygen is used in your body)? Explain. (2)

Conclusion Explain the effects exercise has on your cardiovascular and respiratory systems.