Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LE"
=MLT-7A~?
‘Therefore, the correct choice is (b).
Dimensions of
1s 1
——
hoe (MLT? A? x M"L*Ta*}
=
H
(L?T?)z
which are the dimensions of velocity. Hence the
correct choice is (a).
‘The heat energy content H of a body of mass m at
temperature is given by H = ms@
where s is the specific heat. Therefore
=LT-!
md
Dimensions of s
dimensions of heat energy
‘dimension of mass x dimension of temperature
MUT? your ?K-!
MxK
Thus the correct choice is (c).
Latent heat L is the amount of heat energy H re-
‘quired to change the state of a unit mass without
producing any change in temperature. Thus
te
MULT?
oo Dimensions of L =
eutte
‘Thus the correct choice is (d).
According to the law of equipartition of energy,
the energy per degree of freedom of a gas atom or
molecule at a temperature @ kelvin is given by
i 2E
Es 2 kO ork= @
where & is the Boltzmann's constant.
MT?39. ‘The potential difference V between two points is
the amount of work done in moving a unit charge
from one point to the other.
work done __W
Th v= —Work done __ WW
= charge moved — q
2p
Dimensions of ¥= MET”
Given X= ae
‘Taking logarithm of both sides, we have
logX = 2 log A + og B- > log C - 3 log D
Partially differentiating, we have
ar )8A AB 1 aC _
x A B
Percentage eror in A = 2 “4
race enor 8 = 22 28
1 Ac
Percentage error in C= + 9S 2 1 x 4%
ac
i
3
ate
3
Percentage enor in D =3 92 = 3 x 5%
= 15%
We find that the minimum percentage error is
contributed by C. Hence the correct choice is (c).
Reo
61.
2B
}. The correct choice is (%
. The correct choice is (b)
|. The correct choice is (b)
}. Dimensions of J and G are ML°T™! and M“'L? T?
respectively.
|. Dimensions of &, and & are M'L~ T* A® and
ML?T™ respectively.
RC has the dimensions of time (T). V has the
dimensions of emf which has the dimensions of
a
Le.
at
The force F on a particle of charge q moving with a
velocity v in E and B fields is given by
F=q(E+vxB)
Hence the dimensions of E are the same as: those
of vB.
Energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C hav-
ing a potential difference V between its plates is
given by
Hence, the dimensions of CV’ limensions of en-
exgy. Hence the correct choice is (a).
apt
Dimensions of () oT
a
Dimensions of B= MT? A“
Magnetic flux = B x area
Let surface tension @= E* V’ T°. Using the dimen-
sions of a, E, V and T and equating powers: of M,
Land, find the values of a, b and c. The correct
choice is (c).
Dimensions of n (number of particles per unit area
per unit time) = L*T~', Dimensions of m, or
(number of particles per unit volume) = L~.
Dimensions of x, or x = L.
=ML?T? A
Let m, be the magnitude (i.e. numerical value) of a
physical quantity when the fundamental units are
(M,, L,, T,) and n, the magnitude of the same
physical quantity when the fundamental units are
(My, Ly, T,), then, it is obvious that
ny (MEL) TS) =m (M5373) @)
where x, y and z are the dimensions of the j hysical
quantity in mass, length and time respectively.
Now, we know that 1 calorie = 4.2 joule == 4.2 kg
m’s*. Therefore, in the first system of units
ny =42,x= 1,y =2andz=-2. Henoe, in the
second system of units in which M, = a kg,
L, = b mand T; = cs, we have from (i)65. V= 4m ‘Taking logarithm of both sides, we have
log V= log 4 + log +3 log r— log 3
Differentiating, we get
AV 540 ax im a3
7 r
66, BY 2388 or 66 = 34! of AF = 26,
v r r r
Now surface area s = 47 or log s= log 4x+2 log r
45 28? cox rma 48.
sor
67. X=M'L’ T~* or log X= xlog M + ylog L~zlog 7.
Differentiating, we have
AX AM AL
‘The maximum error in X is (since all errors add up)
AX _,4M AL, aT
AP ight
M L T
= Ga + yb + ze)%.
6. Tete] org de a orlogg=log r+
&
Jog !~ 2 log T. The maximum error in g is
ats 28T 2m 42038 = 8%
69. The dimensions of moment of inertia are (ML).
We have
ny(u,) = ng)
or m(MyLi) = m(M,L)
y= MLD 2 y (#)(BY
(M3) | (M,) (Ly
Given m =6.0,M, = 1 kg, Ly =1m,M = 10g and
L, = 5m. Therefore,
2
is) (1m
sy=ton() (22)
0x (0008) x (oem
10g Sem
= 6.0 x 100 x (20) = 2.4 x 10°
Units and Dimensions 1.15
70. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
given by C = éyA/d. Hence the dimensions of él.
are the same as those of capacitance.
at av
+ Dit f Gh
mension of GL
dimension of C x dimensions of V
time
__ dimension of Q
time
Hence the correct choice is (d).
TL. The correct choice is (a).
The maximum permissible error in 17 is given by
the relation
An, gAR, Al AP Ag
” Rt’ PQ
It is clear that the error in the measurement of R is
‘magnified four times on account of the occurrence
of R* in the formula, Hence the radius (R) of the
capillary tube must be measured most accurately.
‘Thus the quantity which is raised to the highest
power needs the most accurate measurement.
72. Take m % v” d” g° and show that a = 6.
73. Take v & 2° p? a” and show that a = —
and c= 0.
76. The correct choice is (d).
77. The exponent is a dimensionless number. Hence
‘tim is dimensionless. Therefore,
dimension of m__M
dimension of ¢ T
=ML°T"
78. ‘The proportionate error in the measurement of g is
Ag _ AL aT
sot,
es L T
Hence Ag will be minimum if AL and AT are
‘minimum. Thus the correct choice is (4).
FL _ 4Mgl
. Yes
7. Al al?
Dimension of a =
a
0 kg (exact), g = 9.8 ms” (exact)
m (exact), {= 0.8 mm = 0.8 x 10° m
0.05 mm, d= 0.4mm = 04x 10% m
0.01 mm
Substituting the values of M, g, £,d and in Eq. (1)1.16 Course in Physics for ITT-JEE
we get
¥=2.0x 10" Nm?
From Eg. (1) the proportionate uncertainty in Y is
Since the value of Y is correct only up to the first
decimal place, the value of AY must be rounded off
to the first decimal place. Thus AY = 0.2 x 10!"
given by Nm”. Therefore, the result of the experiment is
AY _ AM AL | 2Ad | Al ¥ + AY = (2.0 + 0.2) x 10" Nm?
YM 7 T Hence the correct choice is (b).
Since the values of Mf, g and L are exact, AM=0, | 80. Vernier constant = value of 1 M.S.D ~ value of
‘Ag = O and AL = 0. Hence 1V.S.D.
AY 2d AL 2x 001mm 005mm Now n V.S.D = (n- 1) M.D =(n~1) xem
AY 2d , M2 x00imm | Onn =
Yd "1" O4mm * 08mm tvs = (24) sem
= 0.05 + 0.0625 #
125 nat Ls
AY = 0.1125 x ¥= 0.1125 x 2.0 x 10" vec.=xom-(4=1 ) Fem 7
= 0.225 x 10"! Nm? Hence the correct choice is (c).
SECTION II
Multiple Choice Questions with One or More Choices Correct
|. Which of the following are not a unit of time?
(@) parsee (b) light year
(c) micron (d) second
‘Choose the pair of physical quantities which have
identical dimensions.
(a) Impulse and linear momentum
(b) Planck's constant and angular momentum,
(c) Moment of inertia and moment of force
(4) Young's modutus and pressure
3. The dimensions of energy per unit volume are the
same as those of
(@) work (b) stress
(c) pressure _(d) modulus of elasticity
|. When a wave traverses a medium, the displace-
ment of a particle located atx at time s is given by
ye asin (bt—cx)
where a, b and c are constants of the wave. Which
of the following are dimensionless quantities?
() ya (b) or
(«x w+
5. In Q.4, the dimensions of 6 are the same as those of
(a) wave velocity (b) wave frequency
(c) particle frequency (d) wavelength
6 In QA, the dimensions of & are the same as those of
@
(@) wave velocity (b) angular frequency
(c) particle velocity (d) wave frequency
7. The Van der Waal equation for n moles of a real
gas is
10.
11
(P+) W—= ner
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the
absolute temperature, R is the molar gas constant
and a, b are Van der Waal constants. The dimen-
sions of
(a) @ are the same as those of PV”
(b) are the same as those of V
(©) are the same as those of RT
(d) bP are the same as those of RT.
«
(b) v
© Pb o
In Q.7, the dimensions of nRT are the same as
those of
(a) pressure (b) energy
(c) work (d) force
Which of the following are dimensionless?
(a) Boltzmann constant (b) Planck's constant
(©) Poisson's ratio (4) relative density
For a body in uniformly accelerated motion, the
distance x of the body from a reference point at
time ris given by
xsartbr+c
where a, b and c are constants of mation.(a) The dimensions of c are the same as those of
x, at and br,
(b) The dimensional formula of b is (M° LT”).
© ; is dimensionless.
(d) The acceleration of the body is 2b.
12. The side of a cube is L = (1.2 £ 0.1) cm. The
volume of the cube is
(a) (1,728 + 0.003) cm? (b) (1.73 + 0.02) cm?
(©) (1.7 £04) em? @) (1.7 & 0.3) em?
13. Two resistances R, = (3.0 + 0.1) Q and R; = (6.0 +
Units and Dimensions 1.17
14. A physical quantity P is given by
ae
Ponce
‘The percentage errors in the measurements of a, b,
c, and d are 1%, 3%, 4%, and 3% respectvely.
(a) The maximum percentage error in P is 14%
(b) The maximum percentage error in P is 10%
(c) The maximum error is contributed by the
measurement of b.
(d) The minimum error is contributed by the
‘measurement of c.
15. When a plane wave travels in a meduim, the
ae aan tele ae obtainable is oo diplacement y of a particle located at x at time ris
; given by
0.3) Q
(b) The maximum resistance obtainable is (9.0 = sin (bt — ex)
0.2) 2 where a, b, and c are constants.
“ni (a) The unit a is the same as that of y.
(c) The minimum resistance obtainable is (2.0 + (b) The SI unit of b is Hz.
@ Ae net istance obtainable is (2.0 (©) The dimensional formule of ¢ is (M°L"'T)
‘minimum resistance obtainable is (2.0
02) 9 (8) The dimensions of © are the same those of
velocity. ©
ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS
1. Choices (a), (b) and (¢) are units of length
2. ‘The dimensions of moment of inertia are ML?T®
and of moment of force are ML*T~?. All other pairs
in (a), (b) and (d) have identical dimensions.
3 Dimensions of energy per unit volume are =
dimensions of energy/dimensions of volume =
MLT“/L? = ML“'T~*. Stress, pressure and
modulus of elasticity all have the dimensions of
ML" 'T~. The dimensions of work are ML>T-?,
Hence the correct choices are (b), (c) and (d),
4, Since the sine function is dimensionless, sin (br —
2) is dimensionless. Therefore, y and a must have
the same dimensions, i.e. y/a is dimensionless.
Since the argument of a sine function (or any
‘trigonometric function) must be dimensionless, bt
and cx are also dimensionless. Hence the correct
choice are (a), (b) and (c).
S. Since bt is dimensionless, the dimensions of b =
dimensions of 1/ = T~', which are the dimensions
of angular frequency as well as wave frequency.
‘Hence the correct choices are (b) and (d).
6. Dimensions of bt = dimensions of cx. Therefore
Dimensions of 2 = dimensions of = = LT.
Hence the correct choices are (a) and (c).
7. Expanding Van der Waal equation we get
PV-Ph+ 4-4 =nRT
From the principle of homogeneity, it follows that
all the four choices are correct.
. The correct choices are (a), (b), (c) and (@).
). The dimensions of ni sions of PV
= ML7 TL? = ML? T*
which are dimensions of energy as well as work.
Hence the correct choices are (b) and (c).
‘The correct choices are (c) and (d).
|. From the principle of homogeneity of dimensions,
the dimensions of c must be the same as those of
x at and bi”. Therefore, choice (a) is correct. Also
dimension of br = dimension of x. Hence [b]=
{LT}. Hence choice (b) is also correct. Velocity
of the body is
S =F ars be + cl=a+2m
and acceleration is
do_d ie
B ~ © (a+ 2b) = 2b, which is choice @)
choice (c) is wrong since ; has dimension of
time [T]118
13.
Course in Physics for IIT JEE
.2emx L.2em x12
.728 em’. Now L = (1.2 + 0.1) em has two
significant figures. Hence the value of V must be
rounded to two segnificant figures. The correct
value of V = 1.7 cm’, Now
a
D* 0.25
2. AV = 0.25 x V = 0.25 x 1.7 cm’ = 0.425 cm?
‘The error in V is in the first decimal place. Hence
the value of AV should be rounded off as AV =
0.4 cm’. Thus the correct result is V+ AV = (1.7 +
0.4) cm’, which is choice (c).
‘The maximum value is obtained when the resis-
tances are joined in series. Therefore, the maximum
value is
R= Rit R= 3.0 + 6.0 = 9.09
= AR\+ AR= 0.2 +0.1= 039
9.0 +03) 9
Thus choice (a) is correct and choice (b) is wrong.
‘The minimum value is obtained when the resis-
tances are joined in parallel .
30x60
30 + 61
209
Now
++ Minimum value is (Ry * AR,)
Hence choice (c) is wrong and choice (d) is is
correct.
14.
saeiwarnaeeate lca
= 3% + 6% + 3% +2% = 14%
Hence the correct choices are (a), (¢) and (4).
15. The value of any trignomatric function is a dimen-
sionless number. Hence choice (a) is correct. The
argument of a trignometric function is also dimen-
sionless. Hence (bt ct) is dimensionless. Hence b
has dimension (T'] the same as that of frequency
and c has dimension of (L~]. Thus choices (b), (c)
and (d) are all correct.
SECTION II
Multiple Choice Questions Based on Passage
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following passage.
Passage-I
‘The dimensional method is a very convenient way of
finding the dependence of a physical quantity on other
physical quantities of a given system. This method has its
‘own limitations. In a complicated situation, itis often not
‘easy to guess the factors on which a physical quantity
will depend, Secondly, this method gives no information
about the dimensionless proportionality constant. Thirdly,
this method is used only if a physical quantity depends on
the product of other physical quantities. Fourthly, this
method will not work if a physical quantity depends only
‘on another quantity as a trignometric or exponential
function. Finally, this method does not give complete
information in cases where a physical quantity depends
‘on more than three quantities in problems in mechanics.
1. The dimensional method cannot be used to obtain
denpendence of
(a) the height to which a liquid rises in a capil-
lary tube on the angle of contact
(b) speed of sound in an elastic medium on the
modulus of elactricity.
(©) height to which a body, projected upwards
with a certain velocity, will rise on time 1.
(d) the decrease in energy of a damped oscillator
con time 1.
2. In dimensional method, the dimensionless propor-
tionality constant is to be determined
(a) experimentally
(b) by a detailed mathematical derivation
(c) by using the principle of dimensional homo-
genet
(@) by equating the powers of M, L and T.‘(Questions 3 and 4 are based on the following passage.
Passage-II
In the study of physics, we often have to measure the
physical quantities. The numerical value of a measured
‘quantity can only be approximate as it depends upon the
‘least count of the measuring instrument used. The number
of significant figures in any measurement indicates the
degree of precision of that measurement, The importance
of significant figures lies in calculation. A mathematical
calculation cannot increase the precision of a physical
measurement. Therefore, the number of significant
figures in the sum or product of a group of numbers
cannot be greater than the number that has the Jeast
umber of significant figures. A chain cannot be stronger
than its weakest link.
{ANSWERS AND SOLUTION
1, The correct choices are (a), (c) and (4). The height
of a liquid in a capillary tube depends on
cos 8, where Bis the angle of contact. The height §
to which a body rises is given by S= ur + La
which is a sum of two terms ut and far. The
energy of a damped oscillator decreases exponen-
tially with time,
2, The correct choices are (a) and (b)
3. Total mass = 0.000087 + 0.0123 = 0.012387 kg.
‘The mass of the bee is accurate upto sixth decimal
place in kg, whereas the mass of the flower is accu-
rate only upto the fourth decimal place. Hence the
4, The radius of a uniform wire is r
5. Average speed =
Units and Dimensions 119
3. A bee of mass 0.000087 kg sits on a flower of mass
0.0123 kg. What is the total mass supported by the
stem of the flower upto appropriate significant fig-
ures?
(a) 0.012387 kg, (b) 0.01239 kg
(©) 0.0124 kg (@) 0.012 kg
.021 cm. The
value z is given to be 3.142. What is the area of
‘cross-section of the wire upto appropriate signifi-
‘cant figures?
(a) 0.0014 cm? (b) 0.00139 cm?
(©) 0.001386 em? (@) 0.0013856 cm?
5. A man runs 100.5 m in 10.3 s. Find his average
speed upto appropriate significant figures.
(@) 9.71 ms" (b) 9.708 ms“
(©) 9.7087 ms“ (@) 9.70874 mst
sum must be rounded off to the fourth decimal
place. Therefore the correct choice is (c).
4. A= mr? = 3.142 x (0.021)? = 0.00138562 cm?.
Now, there are only two significant figures in
0.021 cm. Hence the result must be rounded off to
two significant figure as A = 0.0014 cm*, which is
choice (a).
100.5 m
103s
‘The distance has four significant figures but
the time has only three. Hence the result must
be rounded off to three signigicant figure to
9.71 ms“. Thus the correct choice is (a).
1.708737 ms“
SECTION IV
Matching
1. Match the physical quantities in column I with their dimensions in column II. M, L, T, K and A denote the
dimensions of mass, length, time, temperature and electric current respectively
Column I
(a) Viscosity
(b) Thermal conductivity
(©) Electric field
(@) Magnetic induction field
ANSWER
L @> ©)
© @)
Column I
(p) MLT*K"
(q) MLT? A"
@ MU'T!
(s) MT?"
) > (p)
(a) > (5)1.20 Course in Physics for IT-JEE
2. Match the physical quantities in column I with their SI units in column It
Column I ‘Column I
(a) Stefan's constant (p) JK" mol
(>) Universal gas constant @ Fm!
(©) Electrical permittivity (2) Hm
(d) Magnetic permeability (s) Wm? K*
ANSWER
2. (@) > () (b) > (p)
o7@ Moo
3. Match the measurements in column I with the number of significant figures in column I.
Column I Column I
(a) 62.028 3
(b) 0.034 @4
(©) 0.002504 (2
@) 1.25 x 1.0" (s) 5
ANSWER
3. @>) wo 40
o7@ @>@
4. Match the quantities in column I with their order of magnitude given in column II
Column I ‘Column Il
(a) 2.6 x 10% (p) 10°
(b) 3.9.x 10% @ 10
(c) 2.8 x 107 (10%
@) 42x10 (s) 10%
ANSWER
4. Use the following method to find the order of magnitude. For example, if a quantity is x = 4.3 x 10°, take its
logarithm to the base 10. Log x = 3.633 and round if off as log x = 4 . So the order of magnitnde of x is 10*.
@ > 6)
oO>®
() > (p)
(d@) > (@)
SECTION V
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
In the following questions, Statement-1(Assertion) is
followed by Statement-2 (Reason). Each question has
the following four options out of which only one choice
is correct.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and State-
‘ment-2 is the correct explanation for Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true but State-
ment-2 is not the correct explanation for State-
ment-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
1. Statement-1
The order of accuracy of measnrement depends
on the feast count of the measuaing instrument.
Statement-2
The smaller the least count the greater is the num-
ber of significant figures in the measured value.2. Statement-1
‘The dimensional method cannot be used to abtain
the dependence of the work done by a force F on
the angle @between force F and displacement x.
Statement-2
All trignometric functions are dimensionless.
SOLUTIONS
1. The corrent choice is (b).
2. Work done is W = Fx cos 8. since cos @ is dimen-
sionless, the dependence of Won @ cannot be
determined by the dimensional method. Hence the
correct choice is (a)
Units and Dimensions 1.21
3. Statement-1
‘The mass of an object is 13.2 kg. In this measure-
ment there are 3 significant figures.
Statement-2
‘The same mass when expressed in grams as
13200 g has five significant figures.
3. The correct choice is (c). The degree of accurany
(and hence the number of significant figures) of a
‘measurement cannot be increased by changing the
unit.MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
21 Scalar and Vector Quantities
A scalar quantity has only magnitude but no direction, such
as distance, speed, mass, area, volume, time, work, energy,
power, temperature, specific heat, charge, potential, etc
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction,
such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, force,
momentum, torque, electric field, magnetic field, etc.
22 Distance and Displacement
‘The distance is the total path travelled by a body in a
certain interval of time and the displacement is the
shortest distance (in a specified direction) between the
initial and final positions of the body.
This distinction between distance and displacement is
true not only for a uniform motion but also for a non-
uniform motion. Ifa ball is thrown vertically upward from
position, say A, above the ground and after some time, it
‘comes back to the same point A, the displacement of the
ball is zero but the distance travelled by it is not zero—it
is twice the distance between the point A and the highest
point up to which it rises.
23 Speed, Velocity and Acceleration
‘The speed of a body is the rate of change of distance. If a
body travels a distance As is time Ar, its average spec
given by
_ As
Ar
If the body is in uniform motion, its speed is given by
p= 5 = Lolal distance travelled
t total time taken
The instantaneous speed is the speed of a body at a
given instant of time and is given by
Beat
armoar dt
The velocity of a body is the rate of change of
displacement and is given by
ds
pate
dt
Speed is a scalar quantity but velocity is a vector
quantity. The magnitude of the velocity vector gives the
speed of the body and its direction gives the direction of,
motion of the body.
The rate of change of the velocity vector is called
acceleration.
dv
Thus a=7
dt
24 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant
Acceleration
A particle moving in a straight line has one-dimensional
motion. If the acceleration of the particle does not change
with time, it is said to have a constant acceleration.
Equations of Motion ‘The equations of one-dimensional
motion with constant acceleration as follows:
vsutat
1
ssutt sar
2
ow =2as
A body moving with a velocity u (which we call the
initial velocity) in a straight line is given a constant
acceleration a at time ¢ = 0. As a result of the acceleration,
its velocity increases to v in time 1 (which we call the final
velocity) during which the body suffers a displacement s.
While solving numerical problems, we will consider
only the magnitudes of u, 0, a and s and take care of their
direction by assigning a positive or negative sign to the
quantity. For example + a will mean an acceleration and
~a will mean retardation or deceleration.
‘The distance traversed in nth second is given by
wee Lane
5, = u+ Fan 1)2.2 Course in Physics for IIT-JEE
2.5 Motion Under Gravity
Fora body thrown vertically upwards or falling vertically
downwards, the following sign convention is used.
1. All quantities directed upwards are taken as posi-
tive,
2. All quantities directed downwards are taken as
negative.
Under this sign convention, the acceleration due to
gravity (g) which is directed downwards is always
negative irrespective of the direction of motion of the
body. On or near the surface of the earth, the average
value of acceleration due to gravity is
g =-9.8 ms?
2.6 Graphical Representation
The displacement-time and velocity-time graphs of a
motion give us a graphical representation of the motion of
particle. The shape of these graphs tells us about the
kind of motion a particle has (see Fig. 2.1)
From these graphs, it follows that
(i) the speed of the particle at any instant is given by
the slope of the displacement-time graph,
(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle at
any instant is given by the slope of the velocity-
time graph and
(iii) the distance moved by the particle in a time inter-
val from 1, tof, is given by the area under the ve-
locity-time graph during that time interval.
“ 5
:
i
© @
Fig. 21. Curves (a) and (©) represent motion with a
constant speed 1, Curves (b) and (d) represent
‘motion with a uniform acceleration « starting
with an initial speed 1.
27 Relative Velocity
‘When two objects move in the same straight line, we
‘compare their motions in terms of their relative velocity.
If two objects A and B are moving in a straight line
with velocities v, and yp respectively, the relative
velocity of object A with respect to object B is given by
Van = 4 Ya
It follows that the relative velocity of object B with
respect to object A will be
Yea = ¥p
SECTION I
Multiple Choice Questions with Only One Choice Correct
1. From the top of a tower 60 m tall, a body is thrown
vertically down with a velocity of 10 ms“, At the
same time, another body is thrown vertically up-
wards from the ground with a velocity of 20 ms“.
‘At what height above the ground do they meet?
Take ¢ = 10 ms?
(@) 10m (b) 20 m
(©) 30m (@) 40m
2. A ball is dropped from the top of a tower. In the
last second of its fall, the ball covers a distance
925 times the height of the tower. If g = 10 ms,
the height of the tower
(a) 75 m
(©) 125 m
(>) 100 m
(@) 150. m
3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the foot
of a tower. It crosses the top of the tower twice
after an interval of 4 s and reaches the foot of the
tower 8 s afler it was thrown. What is the height of
the tower? Take g = 10 ms”,
(a) 60m (b) 80 m
(c) 100 m (d) 120 m
‘The displacement x (in metres) of a body varies
with time 1 (in seconds) as
2p
*e-5 + 161+ 2
How long does the body take to come to rest?
fa) 3s (b) 6s
fc) 9s (@) 12s10.
‘Two cars travelling on a straight road cross
meter stone A at the same time with velocities
20 ms”! and 10 ms“! with constant accelerations
of | ms” and 2 ms™ respectively. If they cross
another kilometer stone B at the same instant, the
distance between A and B is
(a) 600 m (b) 800 m
(©) 1000 m (@) 1200 m
. The acceleration a of a body moving with initial
velocity w changes with distance x as a = fx,
where k is a positive constant. The distance trav-
elled by the body when its velocity becomes 2u is
oar oR
juy? au?
Sai @ (24
© (3) o (i
‘A particle is moving along the x-axis. Its instanta-
neous velocity when it is at a distance x from the
origin is v= yp ~qx* , where p and g are positive
constants. The acceleration of the particle at that
instant is
(a) zero
2px
© ~G-o
‘The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis
is given by v = kx where kis a positive constant.
The acceleration of the particle is
ve k
@ > o>
B
oF @ 2e
|. The velocity of a particle at time 1 (in second) is
related to its displacement x (in metre) as v =
J3x-+4 . The initial velocity of the particle is
(a) 1 ms (b) 2 ms"
(©) 3 ms" (@) 4 ms"
‘Acar, starting from rest, has @ constant accelera-
tion of 3 ms™ for some time and then has a con-
stant retardation of 2 ms“ for some time and
finally comes to rest. The total time taken is 15 s.
‘The maximum velocity of car during its motion is
(a) 12 mst (b) 15 ms
(c) 18 ms" (@) 21 ms"
ML
12.
13.
14.
1s,
16.
Motion in One Dimension 2.3
A freely falling body, falling from a tower of height
hicovers adistance h/2 in the last second of its mo-
tion, The height of the tower is (take g = 10 ms”)
nearly
(a) 38m (>) 50m
(c) 60 m (@ 35 m
Ball A is rolled in a straight line with a speed of 5
ms“! towards a bigger ball B lying 20 m away. Af-
ter collision with ball B, ball A retraces the path
and reaches its starting point with a speed of
4 ms". What is the average velocity of ball A dur-
ing the time interval 0 to 6 s?
(a) zero (>) 2 ms"!
(c) 4 mst (a) 5 mst
A trainis moving southwards at a speed of 30 ms".
‘A monkey is running northwards on the roof of the
train with a speed of 5 ms~!, What is the velocity
of the monkey as observed by a person standing
on the ground?
(a) 35 ms" in the southward direction
(b) 35 ms“ in the northward direction
(©) 25 ms" in the southward direction
(d) 25 ms* in the northword direction
A jet airplane travelling from east to west ata speed
of 500 km h” ejects out gases of combustion at a
‘speed of 1500 km h™ with respect to the jet plane.
‘What is the velocity of the gases with respect fo an
observer on the ground?
(a) 1000 km h”" in the direction west to east
(b) 1000 km h”" in the direction east to west
(c) 2000 km h”! in the direction west to cast
(@) 2000 km ht in the direction east to west
A police van moving on a highway with a speed of
36 km bh fires a bullet at a thief's car speeding
away in the same direction with a speed of
108 km h!. If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 140
ms”!, with what speed will the bullet hit the thief’s
car?
(a) 120 mst (b) 130 ms!
(e) 140 ms (@) 150 ms
Car A is moving with a speed of 36 km bh”! on a
two-lane road. Two cars B and C, each moving
with a speed of 54 km bh” in opposite directions on
the other lane are approaching car A. At a certain
instant when the distance AB = distance AC = 1
km, the driver of car B decides to overtake A before
C does. What must be the minimum acceleration
of car B so as to avoid an accident?
(@ 1 ms? (b) 2 ms?
(c) 3 ms? (@) 4 ms?24° Course in Physics for IIT-JEE
17. The driver of a train A moving at a speed of 30 ms
sights another train B moving on the same track at
a speed of 10 ms” in the same direction. He imme-
diately applies brakes and achieves a uniform retar-
dation of 2 ms™. To avoid collision, what must be
the minimum distance between the trains?
(a) 80m (b) 100 m
(©) 120m @) 140m
18. The driver of a train A moving at a speed of 30
ms” sights another train B moving on the same
track towards his train at a speed of 10 ms’. He
immediately applies brakes and achieves a uniform
retardation of 4 ms™. To avoid head-on collision,
what must be the minimum distance between the
trains?
(a) 100 m (b) 200 m
(©) 300 m (@) 400 m
19, A bullet is fired vertically upwards. After 10seconds
it returns to the point of firing. If g = 10 ms”, the
location of the bullet after 7 seconds from the time
of firing will be the same as that after
@2s (b) 25s
3s @) 358
20, A body, starting from rest, moves in a straight line
with a constant acceleration a for a time interval ¢
during which it travels a distance 5). It continues to
move with the same acceleration for the next time
interval ¢ during which it travels a distance s,. The
relation between s, and 5 is
@) 5, n (b) 5) = 2s,
(c) 5, = 35, (@) 5) = 4s,
21. In Q.20, if v, is the velocity of the body at the end
of first time interval and v, that at the end of the
second time interval, the relation between v, and
vis
@) m= > (b) 0) = 2,
(©) 0, = 30, (d) v, = 40,
22. A body dropped from the top of a tower hits the
ground after 4 s. How much time does it take to
cover the first half of the distance from the top of
the tower?
@ is (b) 28
©) 22s @ 3s
23. Figure 2.3 shows the displacement-time (x-1) graph
of a body moving in a straight line, Which one of
the graphs shown in Fig. 2.4 represents the veloc-
ity-time (v-1) graph of the motion of the body.
° ee)
t—
Fig. 23
° °
5 10 18 20 s 10 18)
el ional
@ ©
r .
5 1015 20 8 10 hs 20
t— —
© @
Fig. 24
24, Which of the displacement-time (xt) graphs
shown in Fig. 2.5 can possibly represent one-
dimensional motion of a particle?
D. 2
° ?— 0 t=
a @)25.
26.
2,
3.
32,
A stone is dropped from a height of 125 m. If g =
10 ms~, what js the ratio of the distances travelled
by it during the first and the last second of its
motion?
(a) 1:9 (b) 2:9
(1:3 @ 4:9
A bullet is fired vertically upwards with an initial
velocity of SO ms!. If g = 10 ms™, what is the
ratio of the distances travelled by the bullet during
the first and the last second of its upward motion?
(a) 9:1 (b) 9:2
(e) 3:1 9:4
‘A body moving in a straight line with constant
acceleration of 10 ms covers a distance of 40 m
in the 4" second. How much distance will it cover
in the 6% second?
(a) 50m (b) 60 m
(c) 70m (d) 80m
‘A body, moving in a straight line with an initial
velocity of 5 ms"! and a constant acceleration, cov-
ers a distance of 30 m in the 3" second. How
much distance will it cover in the next 2 seconds?
(a) 70m (b) 80 m
(c) 90 m (d) 100 m
‘A body, moving in a straight line, with an initial
velocity w and a constant acceleration a, covers
distance of 40 m in the 4" second and a distance of
60 m in the 6" second. The values of w and a
respectively are
(@) 10 ms*, 5 ms*
(c) Sms", 5 ms* — @) Sms", 10 ms
A body, starting from rest and moving with a con-
stant acceleration, covers a distance s, in the 4"
second and a distance s, in the 6" second, The
ratio s/s, is
2
@ >
4
© >
6 7
© @ Ty
‘A car, starting from rest, has a constant accelera-
tion a, for a time interval r, during which it covers
a distance 5}. In the next time interval f, the ear
hhas a constant retardation a, and comes to rest
after coyering a distance s, in time f,, Which of the
following relations is correct?
a I 8B A
OD Oa) b
Sade. Stee Bi:
© ah Oa
In Q.31, the average speed of the car during its
entire journey is given by
33.
Motion in One Dimension 2.5
i
(@) Fa pat (b) Flat tant)
© Ha ta,\+h) (d) zero
In Q.31, if the total distance covered by the car is s,
the maximum speed attained by it will be
1 1
@ (2) ) (2 Sit }
+0, a -0;
1 1
‘sam VP ‘saa, YE
ofa) oF)
‘A car, starting from rest, is accelerated at a
‘constant rate ct until it attains a speed v. It is then
retarded at a constant rate until it comes to rest.
The average speed of the car during its entire jour-
ney is
ao
(a) zero © 35
po 2
om ws
The displacement of a body from a reference point,
is given by
vr 2243
where x is in metres and 1 in seconds. This shows
that the body is
(@) at rest (b) accelerated
(©) decelerated (@) in uniform motion
In Q.35, what is the initial velocity of the body?
(a) 2 ms" (b) 3 ms"
(©) 6 ms" @) 12 ms
In Q.35, what is the acceleration of the body?
(a) 2 ms (b) 3 ms
(c) 6 ms* (a) 8 ms*
A car, starting from rest, at a constant acceleration
covers a distance 5; in a time interval t.It covers a
distance of s, in the next time interval ¢ at the same
acceleration. Which of the following relations is true?
(@) s= 5, (b) 5 = 2s,
© 52 = 34 (@) 52 = 45,
A car moving at a speed v is stopped in a certain
distance when the brakes produce a deceleration a,
If the speed of the car was nv, what must be the
deceleration of the car to stop it in the same
distance and in the same time?
(a) Yna (b) ng
©) ra @ wa
‘Two balls are dropped from the same point after an
interval of 1 second. What will be their separation
3 seconds after the release of the second ball? Take
g=10ms?,
(@) 25m (>) 30 m
(c) 35 m (d) 40. m2.6 Course in Physics for ITT-JEE
aL.
42,
‘A bullet is fired vertically upwards with an initial
velocity of 50 ms". It covers a distance h, during
the first second and a distance hy during the last 3
seconds of its upward motion, If ¢ = 10 ms, A,
and /y will be related as
(a) hy = 3h (b) iy = hy
(c) hy = hy @) he 4
A ball is thrown vertically downward with a veloc-
ity w from the top of a tower. It strikes the ground
with a velocity 3u, The time taken by the ball to
reach the ground is given by
u 2u
Os, (b) ’
3u 4u
Oe Oe
43. In Q.42, the height of the tower is given by
2 » 2
@ ‘ (b) 8
2 4
oy oy
A 150 m long through train having a constant
acceleration crosses a 300 m long platform. It en-
ters the platform at a speed of 40 ms“! and leaves it
at a speed of $0 ms~', What is the acceleration of
the train?
(@) 0.6 ms? (b) 0.8 ms?
(c) 1.0 ms* (a) 1.2 ms*
45. In Q.44, how long will the train take to cross the
platform?
(a 6s (b) 8s
(c) 10s @ 2s
46. The motion of a body is given by the equation
') at time 7 (in sec~
0, the magnitude
(b) 6 ms®
(@) 2210
47, In Q.46, the speed of the body varies with time as
@ Vo ==)
) Vip =20-e%)
(©) Vo = Bie 2
@ Vo = 3(-)
48. In Q.46, the speed of the body when the accelera-
tion is half the initial value is
(a) I ms! (b) 2 ms!
(c) 3 mst (d@) 4 ms
49. A car starts from rest, accelerates uniformly for 4
seconds and then moves with uniform velocity.
Which of the (x-1) graphs shown in Fig. 2.6 repre-
sents the motion of the car upto t = 7 s?
xs
1234567
—
@)
I
a
0123458 67
i
e
: Straight
Curved
01234567
(—
©
Straight
Curved
NS
o1234567
ti
@
Fig. 26
$0. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously with
initial speeds of u; and 1, (4; > u,). They hit theground after 6 s and 10 s respectively. Which
graph in Fig. 2.7 correctly represents the time
variation of Ax = (x) ~ x,), the relative position of
the second stone with respect to the first upto
+= 10s? Assume that the stones do not rebound
afier hitting the ground.
‘an acceleration as shown in Fig. 2.8.
‘Motion in One Dimension 2.7
t
ite,
Fig. 28
Which of the graphs shown in Fig. 2.9 represents
the velocity-time (0-1) graph of the motion of the
body from t= 0's to s?
52. In Q.51 above, what is the velocity of the body at
time t= 2.5 8?
(a) 2.5 ms (b) 3.5 mst
©) 45 mst (4) 5.5 ms"
53. In Q.51, how much distance does the body cover
from 1= 0 tor=4 8?
(@) 6m b) 9m
(©) 12m (@) 15 m
54, In Q51, which of the graphs shown in Fig. 2.10
represents the displacement-time (x-t) graph of the
motion of the body from r=0stot=4s?
(ns)
3
4 c
o
+ 2 3 4
(8) —
©
t 6 8
>
(os)
3
" ©
+ 2 3 6
1)
©28 Course in Physics for ITE
ts A
ms")
:
4 c
:
t(s)
@
Fig. 29
t? £
™ 5 : B fm)
‘4
‘
(8) —> 18) ——
b)
t" &
& alls
F
;
t(8) —> 1) —
©) @
fig 230
55. A body, moving in a straight line, covers half the
distance with a speed V, the remaining part of the
distance was covered with a speed V’ for half the
time and with a speed V” for the other half of the
time. What is the average speed of the body?
v's Vv") vv'+v")
© ovevey © Queer
av've vv"
i )
© Wve © Tw
56. A particle moving in a straight line covers half the
distance with a speed of 3 mis. The other half of
the distance is covered in two equal time intervals
with speeds of 4.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s respectively.
The average speed of the particle during this
‘motion is,
57.
(a) 4.0 mis (b) 5.0 mis
(©) 5.5 ms (@) 48 ms
(LT. 1992)
Figure 2.11 shows the velocity-time (0 ~ 1) graphs
for one dimensional motion. But only some of
these can be realized in practice. These are
(a) (@, (ii) and (iv) only
(b) (i), Gi) and (ii) only
(©) Gi) and (iv) only
@ all
2
wl
Fig. 211
|. A stone dropped from a building of height h
reaches the ground after £ seconds. From the same
building if two stones are thrown (one upwards and
the other downwards) with the same velocity u and
they reach the ground after ; and 1, seconds
respectively, then the time interval ris
nth
@ t=h-% (b) t=
(©) t= Vhh @ t= P-g
). Displacement (x) of a particle is related to time (1)
as.x=ar+ br - cr
where a, 6 and ¢ are constants of motion. The
velocity of the particle when its acceleration is zero
is given by
2 2
@ar ware
c 2e
2 2
war @a+ aur. 1988)
ae 4c
}. A ball is dropped vertically from a height & above
the ground. It hits the ground and bounces up
vertically to a height h/2. Neglecting subsequent
‘motion and air resistance, its velocity v varies with
the height # as (see Fig. 2.12) (LT. 2000)61,
62.
t {
RY,
/
O) ©
! !
vO n TT h
© @
Fig. 212
A car, starting from rest, accelerates ata constant
rate of 5 ms” for some time. It then retards at a
constant rate of 10 ms” and finally comes to rest.
If the total taken is 6 s, what is the maximum speed
attained by the car?
(@) 5 mst (b) 10 ms"!
(©) 20 ms (d) 40 ms"
In Q61, what is the total distance travelled by the
caris 6 5?
(a) 60 m (b) 80 m
(©) 100 m (@) 120 m
A car is moving at a certain speed. The minimum
distance over which it can be stopped is x. If the
speed of the car is doubled, what will be the mini-
mum distance over which the car can be stopped
during the same time?
(@) 4x (b) 2
(©) 2 (6)
‘The distance x covered by a body moving in a
straight line in time 1 is given by the relation
Q+3x=t
If v is the velocity of the body at a certain instant
of time, its acceleration will be
@-0 (b) ~ 20"
(c) = 30° (a) - 40°
The distance x covered by a body moving in a
straight line in time ris given by
ParsUs3
‘The acceleration of the body will vary as
@+t os
(©) or @)
Motion in One Dimension 2.9
66. A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity w. It
passes three points A, 8 and C in its upward jour-
ney with velocities ey and ; respectively. The
io AB i
ratio = is
BC
20
= (b) 2
@ > (b)
10
© > @1
67. A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity w. It
‘passes a point at a height t above the ground at
time f, while going up and at time ¢, while falling
down. Then the relation between u, t, and t, is
Qu
@ nen On-4=
“
nutans OM
68. In Q. 67 above, the relation between 4, fy and h is
@ hh = 2 0b) nh = .
2h A
Om +yeS WM +yrst
(e) (4 + Hy 7 (@) (4 + OY z
69. A body dropped from a height H above the ground
strikes an inclined plane at a height A above the
ground. As a result of the impact, the velocity of
the body becomes horizontal. The body will take
the maximum time to reach the ground if
H H
=f b) he
oe 4 (b) Wt
H H
(hes @) hee
70. A body of density p enters a tank of water of den-
sity p’after falling through a height /. The maxi-
mum depth to which it sinks in water is
hy’ hp
@ ®)
(e-) (p-P)
@ @ @
? ?
71. A body, falling freely under gravity, covers half the
total distance in the last second of its fall. If it falls
for n seconds, then the value of 1 is
(a) 2 (b) 3
(©) 2-2 (@) 242210
2.
2B.
74.
5.
16.
Course in Physics for ITT-JEE.
In 1.05, a particle goes from point A Ar
to point B, moving in a semicircle of
radius 1.0 m as shown in Fig. 2.13.
‘The magnitude of the average veloc-
ity of the particle is
(a) 3.14 ms
(©) 1.0 mst
(b) 2.0 ms
(@) zero 8
(LLT. 1999)
A body of mass m,, projected verti-
cally upwards with an i
maximum height A. Another body of mass m, is
projected along an inclined plane making an angle
of 30° with the horizontal and with speed u. The
‘maximum distance travelled along the incline is
(a) 2h (b) A
h h
© @ 4
The displacement x of a particle moving in one
dimension is related to time r by the equation
toe +3
where xis in metres and rin seconds. The displace-
ment of the particle when its velocity is zero is
(@) zero (b) 4m) Lm (4) OS m
A particle initially (i.e, at ¢ = 0) moving with a
velocity w is subjected to a retarding force, as a
result of which it decelerates at a rate
a=-kJo
where © is the instantancous velocity and k is a
positive constant. The time T taken by the particle
10 come to rest is given by
vu mH
@ r= 58 wr-F
2” a
©) Ts z @) T= r
A particle starts from rest. Its acceleration at time
10 is 5 ms™ which varies with time as shown in
Fig. 2.14. The maximum speed of the particle will
Fig. 214
77. Figure 2.15 shows the variation of velocity (0)
of a body with position (x) from the origin O.
Which of the graphs shown in Fig. 2.16 cor-
rectly represents the variation of the accelera-
tion (a) with position (x)?
re 25
v. NK
a
(a) e)
7
+
2005)
78. The velocity (v) of a body moving along the
postive x-direction varies with displacement (x)
from the origin as v = k-Vx , where k is a constant.
‘Which of the graphas shown in Fig. 2.17 correctly
represents the displacement-time (x — f) graph of
‘the motion?ANSWERS
1. (b) 2) 3. (a)
7. @) 8. (c) 9 (b)
13. (©) 14, (a) 15. (a)
19. (c) 20. (©) 21. (b)
25, (a) 26. (a) 27. (b)
3. (d) 32. (a) 33. (a)
37. @) 38. (c) 39. (c)
43. (d) 44, (c) 45. (c)
49. (0) 50, (a) 51. (d)
55. (a) 56. (a) $7. (c)
61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (a)
67. (a) 68, (a) 6. (©)
73. (a) 74. (a) 75, (a)
SOLUTIONS
1. Relative velocity = 20 + 10 = 30 ms". The time at
which they meet is
2s
alg
1
Now haut = eP
+38
=0x2+ 3 KCI xO?
2, Let ht be the height of the tower and s be the time
taken by the ball to hit the ground. Then
a)
pee - @Q)
From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get ¢ = 5 s. Therefore
he bx 10x (57 = 125m
Let h = AB be the height of the tower and P be the
highest point reached (Fig. 2.18).The time taken
by the ball to go from B to P = 4/2 = 2 s and the
time taken to go from A to P = 8/2 = 4s, There-
fore, time taken by the ball to go from A to B is
124-2225,
If wis the velocity of projection, then
O=u- 10x 4 =u = 40 mst
@
(©)
@)
()
fc)
(@)
(c)
(b)
(ec)
()
@)
@)
(b)
RSPRRELER ASS
Motion in One Dimension 2.11
5. (a)
1. (a)
17. (b)
23, (a)
29. (@)
35. (b)
41. (c)
47. (b)
53. (c)
59. (c)
65. (c)
71. (a)
71. (a)
1
heu+ + gf
ute
40x24 2 19 QF
= 60m
=0=- $14 16 which gives r= 128
Let s be the distance between A and B. Then, for
the first car
se2retxixPsm+t? a)
2 2
For the second car,
@
20 s. Using this
se lore 5 xQ) xe = lore e
Equating (1) and (2), we get ¢
value of rin either (1) or (2) gi
ade a,
vdvsadx=KVx dx242
1
%
10.
ue
(Course in Physics for IMT-JEE.
»
2 fedvek fie ax
au)
> zs (#) + which is choice (b).
2k
oa a OS
Ode de dt de
dv_d
Pe Fp - gr)
a de fe - 4")
1 >
= 0 -a¥y" x 240)
= =# fe v= @-¢ry)
Hence a = — qx, which is choice (4).
‘The acceleration is
do
aw Zl
a
a= kv Sais)
k
= kx
% wr
So the correct choice is (c).
Given v = 3x + 4. Comparing with v*
we have w* = 4 which gives «= 2 ms".
Let 1, be the time during which the car accelerates.
‘The velocity at the end oft, is
veu+an=0434 = 34
‘The time during which the car decelerates is f, =
(t= t,) where # is the total time taken for the car to
come to rest. During time 1,, the initial velocity is
‘v= 31, and the final velocity is zero. Hence
O= 34, - 2t
= 34-2
= St - 20
= ye re? xiss6s
5S
‘The car attains the maximum velocity at the end of
1, after which it decelerates. Hence
Vag = 34 = 3X 6 = 18 ms, whiel
choice (c),
We have $ e@n-sotnann tf #1}
2-2 alg
Hence h is given by
wt oped lafay,)?
hay em be{t(4e1)
13.
14.
18.
16.
2
=he(H tet) +m)
seg
Simplifying and putting g = 10 ms®, we get
1 ~60h + 100=0
‘The positive root of this quadratic gives h = 58m,
Hence the correct choice is (
The time taken by ball A toreach ball B= 22 = 4,
During the time interval 0 to 6 s, ball A covers a
distance of 20 m upto ball (which takes 4 5) and
in the next 2s, it covers a distance of 4 ms x2.s=
8 m in the opposite direction.
+. Net displacement = 20 m—8 m = 12m
Average velocity = ge = 2 ms which is
choice (b).
Suppose we choose the direction from south to
north as the positive direction. Then the velocity of
the train moving southwards = — 30 ms“, Velocit
of the monkey running northwards = + 5 ms,
‘Therefore, the velocity of the monkey as observed
by a person in the groun 30 +5 =~ 25 ms".
‘The negative sign indicates that the direction of this
velocity is southwards. Hence the correct choice
is(e).
Suppose we choose the positive direction to be
from east to west. Then the velocity of the plane =
+ 500 km h”'. Since the gases are ejected in the
direction opposite to the direction of motion of the
plane, the relative velocity of the gases with
respect to the plane = ~ 1500 km h”'. Therefore,
the velocity of the gases with respect to an observer
‘on the ground = — 1500 + 500 = — 1000 km h!.
‘The negative sign indicates that the direction of the
velocity is from west to east. Hence the correct
choice is (a).
Speed of the police van = 36 km bh! = 10 ms”.
Since the gun is in motion with the van and the
bullet is fired in the direction in which the van is
moving, the net speed of the bullet = speed of the
gun (ie. van) + the muzzle speed of the bullet =
10 + 140 = 150 ms“. Now, the speed of the thief’
car = 108 km h” = 30 ms“. The bullet is chasing
the thief's car with a speed of 150 ms“ and the
thief's car is speeding away at 30 ms', Hence the
bullet will hit the car with a speed which is the
relative speed of the bullet with respect to the
car = 150 ~ 30 = 120 ms", Thus the correct choice
is (a).
Let us suppose that cars A and B are moving in the
positive x-direction. Then car C is moving in the17.
18.
19.
negative x-direction. Therefore, v, = +36 kmh’
+10 ms", vp = + $4 kmh”! = + 15 ms and ve =
~~ $4.km hr! =~ 15ms"!, The relative velocity B with
respect to A is Ugy = Uy — U4 =15~10=5 ms”, The
relative velocity of C with respect t0 A is ¥¢4 = 0c
= 0, = -15 — 10 = - 25 ms". At time ¢ = 0, the
distance between A and B = distance between A and
(C= 1 km = 1000 m. The car C will cover a distance
AC = 1000 m and just reach car A at a time given
by
= AC 100m
[Pea] 25 ms
Car B will overtake car A just before car C does and
avoid an accident, if it acquires a minimum accel-
eration a such that it covers a distance s = AB =
1000 m in time # = 40, travelling at a relative speed
= Dg, = S ms‘, Putting these values in relation
watetot
samt a
1000 = 5 x 40.4 1 x a x (40)?
which gives a = 1 ms“ which in choice (a).
‘The relative speed of train A with respect to train
B= 30-10 = 20 ms“, To avoid collision, let the
‘minimum distance between them be s. This means
that the relative speed must reduce to zero when
the distance covered is s. Using 0” —u* = 2as we
have
=40s
We get
0-20 =2x2xs
which gives s = 100 m. Hence the correct choice
is (b).
‘The relative speed of train A with respect to train B
= 30+ 10 = 40 ms". The minimum distance now
is given by
0-40) =2x4xs5
which gives s = 200 m which is choice (b).
‘Since the bullet returns to its point of projection, its
net displacement is zero.The bullet takes 5 5 to
reach the maximum height. Therefore, initial speed
(u) of the bullet is (-- final velocity = 0)
u = gt = 10x 5 = 50 ms" directed upwards, The
maximum beight (hk) attained by the bullet ish
=f a? = $x 10(5)?= 125 m. Since the tout
time taken by the bullet to return to the point of
firing is 10 s, it takes 5 s to attain the maximum
height. In the next 2 seconds, the bullet falls a dis-
tance of 5, = $ ape 4 X10 x (2)? = 20 m. Also
‘the maximum height attained = 125 m. The loca-
tion of the bullet after 7 s will be the same as that
after t seconds, where 1 is the time taken by the
a.
Motion in One Dimension 2.13
bullet to rise to a height h = 125-20 = 105 m. This
value of tis given by
heut—1 gi? of 105=50-4x10x2
2 2
or = P~10r+21=0 of (1-3) (t-7)
which gives r= 3 s or 7 s. Thus the correct choice
is(o),
the initial velocity is zero, the distance tray-
elled in the first time interval tis
s20+Lat=d at
The velocity of the body at the end of this time in-
terval is 0 = 0 + at = at. This is the initial velocity
for the next time interval r during which the body
travels a distance.
seus aPeatst ated af (wea)
2 2 2
5, = 3.5). Thus the correct choice is (c).
Here 0, = 0 + at = at and 0, = 0) + ar = at + at =
2at. Therefore, 0; = 20,. Hence the correct choice
is)
. Let h be the height of the tower. Then h= 5 g?=
1 ge
3 84)
‘The time # taken to fall through 4 = 4gis given by
i
gP or? =8orr=2V2
‘Thus the correct choice is (c).
|. It follows from Fig. 2.3 that from 0 to 5 s, displace-
‘ment x increases linearly with time ¢. Therefore,
velocity 2 is a positive constant between t = 0 and
1=5's, Between = 5s and1= 15 s, displacement
remains constant. Therefore, velocity (2) is zero
between ¢= 5 s and r= 15s. Between t= 15 s and
1 = 20 5, displacement (x) decreases linearly with
time (1). Therefore, velocity (0) is constant but
negative between 1 = 15 s and r= 20s. Hence, the
correct choice is graph (d) in Fig. 2.4.
Draw a line (shown dotted in Fig. 2.19) perpen-
dicular to the Faxis.
This line cuts the graph at two points A and B
which means that the particle has two different
positions at x, and x, at the same time. This is not
possible.
Similarly graphs (b) and (c) in Fig. 2.3 are also not
possible. But graph (4) is possible. Hence graphs
(©) and (c) in Fig. 2.6 do not represent veloc-
ity-time graphs of the motion of the body.2.14 Course in Physics for IIT-JEE
Fig. 219
25, Since the initial velocity of the stone is zero, the
total time taken by the stone to hit the ground is
given by
1 th _ [xs
nar git or t= [2 = a
2a 0 ’ 10
During the first second, the stone falls a distance hy
given by
1 apet
n= guyp=£ a5
n> ws 5 Sm
During the first four seconds, the stone falls a dis-
tance h given by
he (4) =e = 80m
Distance hy through which the stone falls in the
last (i.e. fifth) second
= 125 -80.= 45 m. Now hyth, =
5/45 = 1/9. Hence the correct choice is (a
26. The maximum height h attained by the bullet is
given by
ww =-2gh orh=* (>
28
= 125 m. The total time taken by
50 x 50
2x10
the stone to attain this height is given by
= 5s. During the first second
(t= 1.5), the stone covers a distance h, given by
hy=w > 9? =50 x1 + 10x (1)? = 45 m
During the first four seconds (t = 45), the stone
orh
covers a height h given by
ha soxd—4 x 10% (4)? = 120 m
Distance travelled by the stone during the last
.e. fifth) second of its upward motion is hy = 125
= 120 = $ m. Hence hy/h = 45/5 = 9. Hence the
correct choice is (a).
27. The distance covered in the nth second is given by
szuta (a
» yeuea(sad
or 40=u42 x 1oru=
* w= 5+ 10 x (6-4)
54= 60 m.
Thus the correct choice is (b).
28. Now, 5,=u+a (n-4). ‘Therefore,
2
30 = 540 (3-4) which gives a= 10 ms,
2
2 neset(-) «om
and s,=5410(5-4) =50m
‘$= 5,4 55=40+4 50 = 90 m, Thus the cor-
rect choice is (c).
‘Thus the correct choice is (A).
4 =0, we have
1 a
5204 ae and s,= oe a
4+ sls, = 7/11, which is choice (4).
31. Since the initial velocity of the car is zero, its ve-
locity at the end of the first time interval f, is v= 0
+41, = ayf,. Ths is the initial velocity for the next
time interval fy. Since the final velocity is zero, we
have, from 0 = w+ at,
04, t-a,h usa,t)
Now, the distance covered in the first time interval
tis given by
2as, 20 sab (v v=a,t andu=0)
1
or yey aut @
‘The distance covered in the next time interval 1 is
given by
~testin- ah
O and w= a; now)
2482 Co ansan)
or aeitia
o gs pad w@32,
From (i) and (ii) we get “L
&
Thus we have 22 = 41 = 2 which is choice (a).
H a
total distance _ 5, +5;
Average speed = ola! distance _ 51 + 52,
me otal time tf) +f)
As shown above, + s3= 5 a+ 4 ant
() +6) Gh = yt)
panies)
a d=
cae (4 +4)
Hence the correct choice is (a).
‘The maximum speed v attained by the car = speed
itattains at the end of time interval t, during which
it is accelerated. As shown above, this speed is
D=ayt, = ayy.
1 1
dat=t ay,
zy ae
date
2a,
2
Now 5;
z
ond 5 yatta
3
sa
vn
o v= [ae 2.8]
ate,
Hence the correct choice is (a).
‘The distance s, covered by the car during the time
it is accelerated is given by 2@s, =v”, which gives
s,='/2a. The distance s, covered during the time
the car is decelerated is, similarly given by 5; =
v'2f Therefore, the total distance covered is
respons 2 (Led @
ROS Tae
If , isthe time of acceleration and r, that of decel-
cation, then 0 = at, = Bly of , = v/0. and t= v/B.
Therefore, the total time taken is
mivinol Lyd a
tentgev(Lyt Gi)
ptaeo(Lyt)
From (i) and (ii), the average speed of the car is
given by
35.
37.
41.
Motion in One Dimension 2.15
total distances _ 0
totaltime of 2
Hence the correct choice is (d).
Squaring both sides, we have
welded +9
Since displacement x changes with time 1, the body
‘cannot be at rest. The velocity of the body is given
by
de
va Ea 12 +8
Since the velocity v changes with time ¢, the body
is not in uniform motion; it is accelerated because
v increases with t. Hence the correct choice is (b).
We have seen that v = 12 + 81. Comparing it with 0
= u+ at we find that w = 12 ms“. Hence the correct
choice is (4).
Now v= 12+ 81. Comparing it with v =u + at, we
find that a= 8 ms~, Alternatively, acceleration a is
given by
dv
anZ®
dt
‘ora = 8 ms, Hence the correct choice is (d)..
ce the initial velocity is zero, the velocity at the
tend of the first time interval 1 is v = at. The dis-
tance covered during this time interval is 5,
a
= (12 + 81) =8
a )
t at®, Velocity v= at is the initial velocity for the
next time interval 1. Therefore, the distance trav-
celled in the next time interval ris
seated aPodar
2 2
‘Thus s2 = 3 5). Hence the correct choice is (c).
‘The distance over which the car can be stopped is
given by 2.as = 0° or a = v's. If v becomes nv,
the value a” of a to stop the car in the same distance
isa’ = (nv)?/2s = n*v*/2s. Thus a” = n"a. Hence the
correct choice is (c).
‘The first ball falls for f, = 4 s. During this time it
1 1
falls a distance A, x10 x (4)? = 80m.
st
2 2
‘The second ball falls for 4, = 3 s. During this time it
Lod P=
n= 7 shay x 10x Gy
45 m. Their separation h, — hz = 80 ~ 45 = 35 m.
Hence the correct choice is (¢).
‘The total time taken by the bullet to reach the high-
est point (where its velocity becomes zero) is given
by 0=u- gtort=ug = 50/10 = 5 s. The distance
it covers in the first I second of its upward motion
falls a distance216
41,
‘Course in Physics for IT-JEE
1
is hy = ut gh =S0x1- > x 10x