INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, BHOPAL

PGDM Trimester-V Batch 4th (2012-2014) Cross Cultural Management Assignment On

Submitted To: Prof. Aditi Singh

Submitted By: Manju Mishra Piyusha Huddar

STEVEN PAUL JOBS

He was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. His unwed biological parents, Joanne Schieble and Abdulfattah Jandali, put him up for adoption. Steve was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs, a lower-middle-class couple, who moved to the suburban city of Mountain View a couple of years later. Steve Jobs grew up in a neighborhood of engineers working on electronics and other gizmos in their garages on weekends. This shaped his interest in the field as he grew up. At age 13, he met one the most important persons in his life: 18-year-old Stephen Wozniak, an electronics wiz kid, and, like Steve, an incorrigible prankster. Five years later, when Steve Jobs reached college age, he told his parents he got enrolled in Reed College an expensive liberal arts college up in Oregon. Steve spent only one semester at Reed, then dropped out, as he was more interested in eastern philosophy, fruitarian diets, and LSD than in the classes he took. He moved to a hippie commune in Oregon where his main activity was cultivating apples. A few months later, Steve returned to California to look for a job. He was hired at the young video game maker Atari, and used his wages to make a trip to India with one of his college friends, in order to 'seek enlightenment'. He came back a little disillusioned and started to take interest in his friend Woz's new activities. Seven Leadership Traits of Steve Jobs: The first trait that is commonly associated with leadership is drive. A prime example of a leader exhibiting this trait is Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple Inc. After Jobs was ousted as chairman of the company in 1985, he could easily have retired or been satisfied to go work in another industry. Instead he formed another startup called NeXT, manufacturing high-end computer workstation hardware and software. In addition, he purchased Pixar Animation Studios and championed CGI-animation during a seminal and crucial period in the art and science of the

field. Twelve years later, his desire to lead, caused him to rejoin Apple, which acquired NeXT. Jobs not only rescued the balance sheet, but led the company toward a new period of resurgent, dramatic growth. During the accounting and finance scandals of the mid-2000s, many high-profile firms were investigated by the SEC in regards to illegal options back-dating. Although Apple employees other than Jobs were found to be responsible for the illegal acts, Jobs demonstrated honesty and integrity by formally apologizing for the activities taking place during his watch and insuring that measures were being put in place to prevent further financial irregularities in the future. At a time when Apple and Microsoft were in a heated battle for market share in the personal computer business, Jobs could have decided not to utilize Microsoft Office for the Macintosh operating system, however he recognized the superiority of the software application and due to his self-confidence in himself and the company's products as a whole, he chose to make a decision that was in the best interest of his customers who would benefit from using Office. Jobs' ability to negotiate deals with suppliers, recognize opportunities in the marketplace, have a long-term strategy for sustained growth, and understand end-users needs and desires, provides a valuable set of skills that demonstrates his intelligence regarding these matters. The need to communicate with various stakeholders that run the gamut of product lines including the personal computer, mobile phone, and portable media player, highlights the job-relevant knowledge that he must aggregate about many subjects in order to be able to communicate with folks that specialize in a multitude of technical fields. Finally, Jobs was known for unveiling new Apple products and services during trade shows in which developers, the press, etc., were invited to watch a presentation given by Jobs during the event. His extraversion contributed to and amplified his ability to clearly market the items in an educational, fun manner, thereby enthusiastically transferring the lifestyle and culture of the employees of Apple to the audience. Steve Jobs' Rules of Success: Do what you love to do: Find your true passion. Do what you love to do a make a difference! The only way to do great work is to love what you do.

Be different: Think different. "Better be a pirate than to join the navy." Do your best: Do your best at every job. No sleep! Success generates more success. So be hungry for it. Hire good people with passion for excellence. Make SWOT analysis: As soon as you join/start a company, make a list of strengths and weaknesses of yourself and your company on a piece of paper. Don't hesitate in throwing bad apples out of the company. Be entrepreneurial: Look for the next big thing. Find a set of ideas that need to be quickly and decisively acted upon and jump through that window. Sometimes the first step is the hardest one. Just take it! Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. Start small, think big: Don't worry about too many things at once. Take a handful of simple things to begin with, and then progress to more complex ones. Think about not just tomorrow, but the future. "I want to put a ding in the universe, reveal Steve Jobs his dream. Strive to become a market leader: Own and control the primary technology in everything you do. If there's a better technology available, use it no matter if anyone else is not using it. Be the first, and make it an industry standard. Focus on the outcome: People judge you by your performance, so focus on the outcome. Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren't used to an environment where excellence is expected. Advertise. If they don't know it, they won't buy your product. Pay attention to design. "Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works." Ask for feedback: Ask for feedback from people with diverse backgrounds. Each one will tell you one useful thing. If you're at the top of the chain, sometimes people won't give you honest feedback because they're afraid. In this case, disguise yourself, or get feedback from other sources. Focus on those who will use your product listen to your customers first. Innovate: Innovation distinguishes a leader from a follower. Delegate, let other top executives do 50% of your routine work to be able to spend 50% your time on the new stuff. Say no to 1,000 things to make sure you don't get on the wrong track or try to do too much. Concentrate on really important creations and radical innovation. Hire people who want to make the best things in the world. You need a very product-oriented culture, even in a technology company. Lots of

companies have tons of great engineers and smart people. But ultimately, there needs to be some gravitational force that pulls it all together. Learn from failures: Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly, and get on with improving your other innovations. Learn continually: There's always "one more thing" to learn! Cross-pollinate ideas with others both within and outside your company. Learn from customers, competitors and partners. If you partner with someone whom you don't like, learn to like them praise them and benefit from them. Learn to criticize your enemies openly, but honestly. Steve Jobs' vision of a "computer for the rest of us" sparked the PC revolution and made Apple an icon of American business. But somewhere along the way, Jobs' vision got clouded -- some say by his ego -- and he was ousted from the company he helped found. Few will disagree that Jobs did indeed impede Apple's growth, yet without him, the company lost its sense of direction and pioneering spirit. After nearly 10 years of plummeting sales, Apple turned to its visionary founder for help, and a little older, little wiser Jobs engineered one of the most amazing turnarounds of the 20th century.

The first Apples

Thanks to the technical intelligence and capability provided by Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Jobs was able to bring his vision of a mass-market personal computer to reality. The two sold about 175 Apple Is, built in Jobs' garage at 2066 Crist Drive in Los Altos, according to The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams. Those first computers marked a watershed moment. But together, the two Steves lacked their tipping point. It would come, thanks to Jobs' unwavering evangelism for his vision, which won the support and financial backing of A. C. "Mike" Markkula, Jr. With Markkula on board, the company soon found legitimacy, moved into real offices in Cupertino, and got to work on the Apple II, which would sell some five to six million units. The rest is history. 1984

Apple introduced the Mac via a revolutionary Super Bowl ad widely recognized as a classic event. Named 1984, the one-minute television spot, produced by Chiat/Day, consisted of overwhelming Orwellian imagery and featured an energetic, athletic, and colorful heroine rebelling against a monochromatic, listless, and suggestively totalitarian state. On the heroine's jersey appeared a Mac representation, with text closing the ad announcing the debut of the Macintosh personal computer. iPod

It was Jobs' iPod in 2001, and his insistence on a simplified user interface, that changed the way everyone now buys and listens to music. It wasn't until Apple's iPod and iTunes Store took off that the recording industry began embracing the digital distribution (albeit reluctantly) of its content as a viable business model. iPhone

Integration of applications, music, email, calendars, and contacts on a single device that also functions as a cell phone is yet another example of Jobs' identifying a massive market opportunity where Apple didn't previously have an entry. By focusing on reliable use and matching a device to consumers' desire, Jobs again struck pay dirt. Mac OS X

With all the hype surrounding the iPod, iTunes, and the iPhone, it's easy to forget the foundation for all the growth was laid by Mac OS X, the refinement of the UNIX OS Jobs brought with him when he returned to Apple from NeXT in 1996. In 2002, just a few years after rejoining Apple, Jobs was able to retool Mac computers to leverage the powerful, scalable, and secure UNIX platform. The OS is renowned for its stability, ease of use, and security. Additional traction was gained in 2006, when the OS began accommodating Intel chips. Still, haters are going to hate. While detractors ridicule Apple's low computer share (forgetting that Apple's share of new laptop sales should prove alarming to other industry executives; some estimates place Apple's share of "premium" PCs costing more than $1,000 above 75%), they forget that Apple's focus changed.

iPad

Following the resuscitation of the Mac platform, the introduction of the iPod and iTunes Store, and the debut of the ubiquitous iPhone, the iPad proved that Jobs still retained brilliance. Many -- including Microsoft, with partners Viewsonic, HP, Dell, and others -- had taken a run at the tablet market. They failed. By 2010, tablets were dead, eclipsed by the soon-to-be short-lived netbook craze. Pixar

He invested some $5 million to purchase George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic Computer Division, which became Pixar. The company, of course, leveraged NeXT computing technology to power video rendering operations. Jobs became a billionaire after taking Pixar public in 1995. That's more money than he'd previously made building Apple, obviously. Later, following the blockbuster successes of such movies as Toy Story, A Bug's Life, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, and Cars, Jobs sold Pixar to Walt Disney Co., obtaining a board seat in the process. Thus, his impact on modern entertainment can't be dismissed and stands as proof of additional business success within an entirely separate industry.

N CHANDRASEKARAN
N Chandrasekaran was born in 1963, Chandrasekaran was born in a Tamil family in Mohanur near Namakkal in Tamil Nadu. He currently resides in Mumbai, with his wife Lalitha and their only son, Pranav. Natarajan Chandrasekaran (Chandra) is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Managing Director of Tata

Consultancy Services, a leading global IT solutions and consulting firm with consolidated revenues of US $11.6 billion for year ended March 31, 2013. During his tenure as the chief executive since October 2009, the company has grown at a compounded annual rate of 21 per cent.

Responsible for formulating the companys global strategy across its footprint of 44 countries, Chandra has led TCS to great success with the market capitalization of the company touching USD 50 billion during 2012. TCS was consistently ranked throughout 2012 as the most valuable company in India. With over 276,000 consultants, TCS has become the largest private sector employers in India with the rate highest in a retention globally

competitive industry. Chandra personifies

TCS commitment to customer and high satisfaction quality.

Through his experience in a variety of operating roles, he has built a reputation in the IT industry for his

exceptional ability to build and grow new business offerings and nurture long-term relationships. He has also been at the helm of several key strategic transitions at TCS including architecting, as Chief Operating Officer, the new organization structure unveiled in 2008, which created multiple agile business units within TCS that were focused on industries and markets. He has been behind several strategic new business initiatives at TCS and displayed the ability to mature new ideas. The company has added new business lines and entered new industry verticals like Media & Information Services, Mobile & Digital services, and High Tech under his watch. All of these have since matured into sizeable businesses since then. N Chandrasekaran is not a micromanager. He gives executives enough freedom to operate. But he sets them ambitious targets and his reviews are intense

Under his guidance and mentorship, the company has refined its corporate sustainability program to focus on education, environment and wellness. The firm has created healthcare solutions for charitable hospitals to help them improve the level of patient-care more effectively and use their resources to treat more patients who cannot afford healthcare. Through his active support of major marathons in New York, Amsterdam, Chicago, Boston and Mumbai, he has spread a message of health awareness across employees globally as well as in the communities the firm operates in. Chandra represents TCS on several global and local forums. He is the chairman of the National Association of Software & Service Companies (NASSCOM) for 2012-2013. He joined TCS in 1987 after completing his Masters in Computer Applications from Regional Engineering College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu in 1986 and a Bachelor of Science in Applied Science from the Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu. The SRM University has conferred the Degree of Doctor of Literature (2010) on Chandra for his pioneering and outstanding contributions to the industry. Awards & Recognitions: Chandra has received several awards and recognition in the business community in 2012. He was judged as the Business Leader of the Year by NDTV. He won the Best CEO of the Year award at the Forbes India Leadership Awards 2012 and was awarded the Outstanding Business leader of the year at the CNBCs India Business Leadership Awards. He was also awarded Asia Business Leader Award of the year by CNBC Asia Business Leaders Awards 2012. Chandra was also named the Pathfinder CEO of 2012 by National HRD Network (NHRDN) He was also awarded the Medal of the City of Amsterdam - Frans Banninck Coqc medal in recognition of his endeavor to promote trade and economic relations between Amsterdam and India. N Chandrasekaran never attended management school. Nor does he read much management literature. His lessons in running a company come from real-life experiences

Beyond the office, Chandra is an avid photographer and a passionate long-distance runner and has completed marathons in Mumbai, New York, Prague, Stockholm, Vienna, Chicago and Berlin.