1. Semiconductor microchip processing often involves chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin layers e.g.

a phosphorus pentoxide-doped silicon dioxide coating is deposited as protective coating by the simultaneous reactions SiH4 + O2 SiO2 + 2H2 Determine the relative masses of SiH4 and PH3 required to deposit a film of 5% by weight of phosphorus (P) in the protective coating. (Hint: you can assume 100% conversion for each reaction and all reactants are fed at stoichiometric amount) mSiH4 ,0 (Answer: = 8.61 ) mPH3 ,0 2.Toluene (C7H8) reacts with hydrogen to form benzene (C6H6), but a side reation occurs in which a by-product diphynyl (C12H10) is formed. Hydrogen is added to the gas recycle stream to make a ratio of H2 to CH4 equal to 1 to 1 before the gas enters the mixer. The ratio of H2 to toluene entering the reactor (G) is 4 to 1. The single-pass conversion of toluene to benzene and to diphenyl is 80% and 8%, respectively. Calculate RL and RG in lbmol/hr. (MW of C7H8 is 92) C7H8 + H2 C6H6 + CH4 4PH3 + 5O2 2P2O5 + 6H2

CN1111FC Chemical Engineering Principles Tutorial 4 - Questions 10-14 March 2014

(Answers: RL = 5.11 lbmol/hr, RG = 280.79 lbmole/hr)

Makeup, M 100% H2
Gas recycle, RG

2C7H8 + H2 C12H10 + 2CH4

Purge, P
2

Fresh feed, F 100% C 7H8 3450 lb/hr

Mixer

Reactor feed, 0

Reactor

Reactor effluent, 1

Separator

Benzene, B 100%
Diphenyl, D 100%

Liquid recycle, RL 100% C 7H8

The conversion of propane to propylene based on the total propane feed into the reactor at F2 is 40%. The product flow rate F5 is 50 kgmol/hr. Calculate 1

3. Propane (C3H8) undergoes dehydrogenation according to the reaction C3H8 C3H6 + H2

(a) All five unknown flow rates in kgmol/hr (b) the overall conversion of propane

(Answer: (a) F1 = 50, F2 = 143.75, F3 = 193.75, F4 = 50, F6 = 93.75 kgmol/hr (b) 100%)
1
Fresh feed C3H8

Reactor

Absorber & Distillation tower

H2

C3H6

6
80% C3H8 20% C3H6

The single pass conversion for the first stage and second stage is 0.75 and 0.65, respectively. To boost the overall conversion to 0.95, some of the exit gas from stage 2 is recycled back to mix with the outlet from stage 1. Calculate the amount of recycle stream for 100 moles feed.

4. Sulfur dioxide is converted to SO3 in a two-stage converter according to the reaction 2SO2 + O2 2SO3

(Answer: 110 moles)

SO2 10.0% O2 9.0% N2 81.0%

Converter #1

Converter #2

P
SO3 SO2 O2 N2

(Answer: 1.035)

5. In order to control CO emission, CO is separated from product and recycled back to the reactor. Fresh feed contains 40% reactant, 50% inert and 10% CO. It was found that 2 moles of reactant yield 2.5 moles of product. Single-pass and overall conversions are 73% and 90%. Calculate the ratio of moles for recycle to moles of product.
1 2

Reactant CO Inert 4100 kmol/h

Reactant CO Inert

Reactor

Reactant Product CO Inert

Separator

Reactant Product Inert

20%Reactant 80% CO

6. (Felder 5.18)Many references give the specific gravity of gases with reference to air. For example, the specific gravity of carbon dioxide is 1.52 relative to air at the same temperature and pressure. Show that this value is correct as long as the ideal gas equation of state applies. 2

7. (Felder 5.20) A tank in a room at 19oC is initially open to the atmospheric on a day when the barometric pressure is 102 kPa. A block of dry ice (solid CO2) with a mass of 15.7 kg is dropped into the tank, which is then sealed. The reading on the tank pressure gauge initially rises very quickly, then much more slowly, eventually reaching a value of 3.27 MPa. Assume final = 19oC. (a) How many moles of air were in the tank initially? Neglect the volume occupied by CO2 in the solid state, and assume that a negligible amount of CO2 escapes prior to the sealing of the tank.

(Answer: 0.0115 kmol)

(b) What is the final density (g/L) of the gas in the tank? (Answer: 58.5 g/L) (c) Explain the observed variation of pressure with time. More specifically, what is happening in the tank during the initial rapid pressure increase and during the later slow pressure increase? 8. (Felder 5.27) An adult takes about 12 breaths per minute, inhaling roughly 500 mL of air with each breath. The molar compositions of the insipired and expired gases are as follows: Species O2 CO2 N2 H2O Inspired Gas (%) 20.6 0.0 77.4 2.0 Expired Gas (%) 15.1 3.7 75.0 6.2

The inspired gas is at 24oC and 1 atm, and the expired gas is at body temperature (37oC) and 1 atm. Nitrogen is not transported into or out of the blood in the lungs, so that the amount of nitrogen in and out are the same. (a) Calculate the masses of O2, CO2 and H2O transferred from pulmonary gases to the blood or vice versa (specify which) per minute. (Answer: O2 0.4 g (G to B), CO2 0.414 g (B to G), H2O

0.198 g (B to G))

(Answer: 0.212 g/min)

(b) Calculate the volume ratio between air exhaled and inhaled. (Answer: 1.082) (c) At what rate (g/min) is this individual losing weight by merely breathing?