1.

A cylindrical container that has a volume of 10 mL has 1 mL of water at its bottom and is at a temperature of 100C and initially at a pressure of 1 atm (1.01x105 N/m2). Estimate the pressure inside the container when the water is completely boiled away. 2. Oxygen (02) is confined to a cubic container 15 cm on a side at a temperature of 300K. Compare the average kinetic energy of a molecule of the gas to the change in its gravitational potential energy if it falls from the top of the container to the bottom. 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2) at 1 atm of pressure and a temperature of -78.5C sublimates directly from a solid to a gaseous state, without going through a liquid phase. What is the change in the heat capacity (at constant pressure) per mole of CO2 when it undergoes sublimation? Assume that the gas molecules can rotate but do not vibrate. Is the change in the heat capacity positive or negative on sublimation? 4. In an isothermal expansion, an ideal gas at an initial pressure Po expands until its volume is twice its initial volume. (a) Find its pressure after the expansion. (b) The gas is then compressed adiabatically and quasi-statically back to its original volume, at which point its pressure is 1.32Po. Is the gas monatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic? (c) How does the translational kinetic energy of the gas change in these processes? 5. Exactly 1 mol of helium gas has an internal energy of 3600J. It is contained within a cube of side 0.5 m. (a) Compare helium under these conditions with air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If air is ideal at STP, can the same be said for helium? (b) Approximately how many times per second do the walls suffer collisions from the molecules of the helium gas? 6. One mole of hydrogen gas is determined to have an internal energy of 1.87 x 104 J at 900K. How many degrees of freedom are there for the hydrogen molecule? Which degrees of freedom are likely to be available? 7. (a) Show that the number of collisions a molecule makes per second, called the . (b) What is the collision frequency, f, is given by f = /m, and thus f = collision frequency for N2 molecules in air at T = 20C and P = 1.0 x 10-2 atm? 8. A cubic box 1.80 m on a side is evacuated so the pressure of air inside is 10-6 torr. Estimate how many collisions molecules make with each other for each collision with a wall (0 C). 9. At room temperature, it takes approximately 2.45 x 103 J to evaporate 1.00 g of water. Estimate the average speed of evaporating molecules. What multiple of Vrms (at 20C) for water molecules is this? 10. The density of atoms, mostly hydrogen, in interstellar space is about one per cubic centimeter. Estimate the mean free path of the hydrogen atoms, assuming an atomic diameter of 10-10 m.